Potential impact of annual vaccination with reformulated COVID-19 vaccines: Lessons from the US COVID-19 scenario modeling hub

Background AU Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause :significant hospitalizations and deaths in the United States. Its continued burden and the impact of annually reformulated vaccines remain unclear. Here, we present projections of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in the United States for the next 2 years under 2 plausible assumptions about immune escape (20% per year and 50% per year) and 3 possible CDC recommendations for the use of annually reformulated vaccines (no recommendation, vaccination for those aged 65 years and over, vaccination for all eligible age groups based on FDA approval). Methods and findings The COVID-19 Scenario Modeling Hub solicited projections of COVID-19 hospitalization and deaths between April 15, 2023 and April 15, 2025 under 6 scenarios representing the intersection of considered levels of immune escape and vaccination. Annually reformulated vaccines are assumed to be 65% effective against symptomatic infection with strains circulating on June 15 of each year and to become available on September 1. Age- and state-specific coverage in recommended groups was assumed to match that seen for the first (fall 2021) COVID-19 booster. State and national projections from 8 modeling teams were ensembled to produce projections for each scenario and expected reductions in disease outcomes due to vaccination over the projection period. From April 15, 2023 to April 15, 2025, COVID-19 is projected to cause annual epidemics peaking November to January. In the most pessimistic scenario (high immune escape, no vaccination recommendation), we project 2.1 million (90% projection interval (PI) [1,438,000, 4,270,000]) hospitalizations and 209,000 (90% PI [139,000, 461,000]) deaths, exceeding pre-pandemic mortality of influenza and pneumonia. In high immune escape scenarios, vaccination of those aged 65+ results in 230,000 (95% confidence interval (CI) [104,000, 355,000]) fewer hospitalizations and 33,000 (95% CI [12,000, 54,000]) fewer deaths, while vaccination of all eligible individuals results in 431,000 (95% CI: 264,000–598,000) fewer hospitalizations and 49,000 (95% CI [29,000, 69,000]) fewer deaths. Conclusions COVID-19 is projected to be a significant public health threat over the coming 2 years. Broad vaccination has the potential to substantially reduce the burden of this disease, saving tens of thousands of lives each year

Dinâmica folicular ovariana de vacas leiteiras no pós-parto após tratamentos com buserelina (GnRH) e cloprostenol (PGF2alfa) Ovarian follicular dynamics of postpartum dairy cows after treatment with buserelin (GnRH) and cloprostenol (PGF2alpha)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos da administração de 10 mig de buserelina (GnRH), mediante a presença de um folículo ovariano com diâmetro ³ 10 mm, associada a uma dose de 500 mig de cloprostenol seis dias após, ou de duas doses de 500 mig de cloprostenol (PGF2alfa) no 12º 26º dia após o parto, sobre a dinâmica folicular e o restabelecimento da atividade ovariana cíclica em 15 vacas mestiças holandês-zebu, eqüitativamente e aleatoriamente distribuídas em três grupos de tratamento. Realizou-se a ultra-sonografia em dias alternados do 14º ao 26º dia pós-parto e em dias consecutivos até o final do segundo ciclo estral e coletaram-se amostras de sangue, duas vezes por semana, para determinação das concentrações de progesterona, pelo método de radioimunoensaio. Observou-se que, independente do tratamento hormonal, os segundos ciclos estrais pós-parto apresentam como padrão duas ondas de crescimento folicular, em que a emergência da primeira e da segunda onda ocorreu nos dias 0 e 10, respectivamente, e folículos dominantes da primeira onda podem persistir durante todo o intervalo inter-ovulatório, sem influenciar a dinâmica folicular. O tratamento com duas doses de PGF2a reduziu em 20 dias o período de serviço e tendeu a melhorar o índice de concepção ao primeiro serviço, o que sugere possível efeito deste hormônio no eixo hipotalâmico-hipofisário-ovariano de vacas pós-parto.<br>The objective of this work was to study the effects of the injection of 10 mug buserelin (GnRH) in the presence of an ovarian follicle with ³ 10 mm diameter associated to a dose of 500 mug of cloprostenol six days later, or with two doses of 500 mug of cloprostenol (PGF2alpha) at the 12th and 26th days postpartum about the follicular dynamic and the reestablishment of cyclic ovarian activity in crossbred Holstein-Zebu cows. Fifteen crossbred Holstein-Zebu cows were randomly and evenly allocated into three treatments. Ultrasonography was performed every other day from the 14th to the 26th day postpartum and every day, from 26th day until the end of the second estrous cycle. Blood samples were collected twice a week, in order to determine progesterone concentrations by radioimmuno assay. It was observed a pattern of two follicular growth waves during the second postpartum estrous cycles, independent of the hormonal treatment, with the emergence of the first and the second waves, at days 0 and 10, respectively. The dominant follicle from the first wave could persist throughout the interovulatory period without an effect on the follicular dynamic. The two doses of PGF2alpha reduced days open by 20 days and the conception rate at the first service was slightly improved, suggesting a possible effect of the treatment on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis

Cartas del Teniente General Graham dirigidas al ... Conde de Liverpool, Primer Secretario del Despacho de la Guerra de S.M. Britanica ... y al ... Enrique Wellesley, enviado extraordinario y Ministro Plenipotenciario de S.M.B. en la Corte de España

Texto en español e inglésSignaturizadoCopia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 200

Associations between food portion sizes, insulin resistance, VO2 max and metabolic syndrome in European adolescents : the HELENA study

Background and aims: This study aims to examine the associations of food portion size (PS) with markers of insulin resistance (IR) and clustered of metabolic risk score in European ad-olescents. Methods: A total of 495 adolescents (53.5% females) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study were included. The association between PS from food groups and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, VO2 max, and metabolic risk score was assessed by multilinear regression analysis adjusting for several con-founders. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine the mean differences of food PS from food groups by HOMA-IR cutoff categories by using maternal education as a covariable.Results: Larger PS from vegetables in both gender and milk, yoghurt, and milk beverages in males were associated with higher VO2 max, while larger PS from margarines and vegetable oils were associated with lower VO2 max (p < 0.05). Males who consumed larger PS from fish and fish products; meat substitutes, nuts, and pulses; cakes, pies, and biscuits; and sugar, honey, jams, and chocolate have a higher metabolic risk score (p < 0.05). Males with lower HOMA-IR cutoff values consumed larger PS from vegetables, milk, yoghurt, and milk beverages (p < 0.05). Fe-males with lower HOMA-IR cutoff values consumed larger PS from breakfast cereals, while those with higher HOMA-IR cutoff values consumed larger PS from butter and animal fats (p = 0.018).Conclusion: The results show that larger PS from dairy products, cereals, and high energy dense foods are a significant determinant of IR and VO2 max, and larger PS from food with higher con-tent of sugar were associated with higher metabolic risk score