Climate change and outdoor regional living plant collections: an example from mainland Portugal

Original PaperClimate change threatens not only plant species occurring naturally, but also impacts on regional living plant collections, which play an important role in ex situ conservation strategies. In the last few years, several global circulation models have been used to predict different global climate change scenarios. Due to their coarse resolutions, and while more detailed regional approaches are not available, downscaling techniques have been proposed, as a very simple first approach to increase detail. We analysed seven sites on mainland Portugal with potential for species conservation (four botanic gardens and three universities), in the light of downscaled climate change scenarios, using an environmental envelope approach and a predefined bioclimatic neighbourhood for each site. Thresholds for the bioclimatic neighbourhood were based on Rivas-Martı´nez’s Bioclimatic Classification of the Earth. For each site, the expected geographical shift of its original bioclimatic neighbourhood (1950–2000) was mapped for 2020, 2050 and 2080. Analysing those shifts enabled us to delineate knowledge-transfer paths between sites, according to the analysed scenarios. We concluded that, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A2 scenario, all considered sites will be outside the predefined bioclimatic neighbourhood by 2080, while according to the B2 scenario all of them will be inside that neighbourhood, although sometimes marginally so. Therefore, the implementation of global sustainability measures as considered in the B2 scenario family can be of great importance in order to delay significantly the impacts of climate change, giving extra time for the adaptation of the outdoor regional living plant collectionsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Unexpected high diversity of galling insects in the Amazonian upper canopy: The savanna out there

A relatively large number of studies reassert the strong relationship between galling insect diversity and extreme hydric and thermal status in some habitats, and an overall pattern of a greater number of galling species in the understory of scleromorphic vegetation. We compared galling insect diversity in the forest canopy and its relationship with tree richness among upland terra firme, várzea, and igapó floodplains in Amazonia, Brazil. The soils of these forest types have highly different hydric and nutritional status. Overall, we examined the upper layer of 1,091 tree crowns. Galling species richness and abundance were higher in terra firme forests compared to várzea and igapó forests. GLM-ANCOVA models revealed that the number of tree species sampled in each forest type was determinant in the gall-forming insect diversity. The ratio between galling insect richness and number of tree species sampled (GIR/TSS ratio) was higher in the terra firme forest and in seasonally flooded igapó, while the várzea presented the lowest GIR/TSS ratio. In this study, we recorded unprecedented values of galling species diversity and abundance per sampling point. The GIR/TSS ratio from várzea was approximately 2.5 times higher than the highest value of this ratio ever reported in the literature. Based on this fact, we ascertained that várzea and igapó floodplain forests (with lower GIA and GIR), together with the speciose terra firme galling community emerge as the gall diversity apex landscape among all biogeographic regions already investigated. Contrary to expectation, our results also support the "harsh environment hypothesis", and unveil the Amazonian upper canopy as similar to vegetation habitats, hygrothermically stressed environments with temperature at lethal limits and high levels of leaf sclerophylly. © 2014 Julião et al

A percepção da equipe de enfermagem sobre humanização do parto e nascimento

Este trabalho se trata de uma pesquisa qualitativa de abordagem descritiva, que discute a percepção da equipe de enfermagem sobre a humanização do parto e nascimento. Participaram como depoentes do estudo profissionais da área de enfermagem que atuam em sala de parto de duas instituições públicas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A análise dos dados construída a partir dos depoimentos das participantes do estudo originou a construção das seguintes categorias: humanização no entendimento da equipe de enfermagem; práticas que a equipe de enfermagem considera humanizadoras; práticas que a equipe de enfermagem considera desumanizadoras; e a Enfermagem diante do tema humanização. Nas considerações finais, ficou evidenciada a diferença perceptiva das depoentes e a necessidade de mudança de atitude e postura dos profissionais de enfermagem diante da assistência ao parto e nascimento, reconhecendo sua importância como membro da equipe de saúde na assistência à mulher e ao neonato.Es un trabajo sobre una investigación cualitativa de abordaje descriptivo, que discute la percepción del equipo de Enfermería en la humanización del parto y del nacimiento. Habían participado como depoentes del estudio profesionales del área de enfermería que actúan en la sala de parto de dos instituciones públicas de la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro. El análisis de los datos construidos de las deposiciones de los participantes del estudio, originó la construcción de las siguientes categorías: Humanización en el Entendimiento del Equipo de Enfermería; Prácticas que el equipo de enfermería considera humanizadoras; Prácticas que el equipo de enfermería no considera humanizadoras; y La enfermería delante del tema humanización. En las consideraciones finales fue evidenciada la diferencia perceptora de las depoentes y de la necesidad del cambio de la actitud y posición de los profesionales de Enfermería frente a la ayuda al parto y al nacimiento, reconociendo su importancia como miembro del equipo de salud en la ayuda a la mujer y al neonato.This work is about a qualitative research of descriptive boarding, that argues the perception of the Nursing staff on the humanization of the labor and birth. Had participated as deponents of the study nursing area professionals who act in childbirth room of two public institutions of Rio de Janeiro. The analysis of the data was constructed with the depositions of the participants of the study, originating the construction of the following categories: Humanization in the Agreement of the Nursing Staff; Practical that the nursing staff considers as humanizators; Practical that the nursing staff considers as non-humanizator; and The nursing ahead of the humanization subject. In the final considerations it was evidenced the percipient difference of the deponents and the necessity of attitude change and position of the professionals of Nursing front to the assistance to the labor and birth, recognizing its importance as member of the staff of health in the assistance to woman and to the newborn