Gorenstein homological dimensions and Auslander categories

In this paper, we study Gorenstein injective, projective, and flat modules over a Noetherian ring $R$. For an $R$-module $M$, we denote by ${\rm Gpd}_RM$ and ${\rm Gfd}_R M$ the Gorenstein projective and flat dimensions of $M$, respectively. We show that ${\rm Gpd}_RM<\infty$ if and only if ${\rm Gfd}_RM<\infty$ provided the Krull dimension of $R$ is finite. Moreover, in the case that $R$ is local, we correspond to a dualizing complex ${\bf D}$ of $\hat{R}$, the classes $A'(R)$ and $B'(R)$ of $R$-modules. For a module $M$ over a local ring $R$, we show that $M\in A'(R)$ if and only if ${\rm Gpd}_RM<\infty$ or equivalently ${\rm Gfd}_RM<\infty$. In dual situation by using the class $B'(R)$, we provide a characterization of Gorenstein injective modules.Comment: 15 page

Some criteria of cyclically pure injective modules

The structure of cyclically pure injective modules over a commutative ring $R$ is investigated and several characterizations for them are presented. In particular, we prove that a module $D$ is cyclically pure injective if and only if $D$ is isomorphic to a direct summand of a module of the form \Hom_R(L,E) where $L$ is the direct sum of a family of finitely presented cyclic modules and $E$ is an injective module. Also, we prove that over a quasi-complete Noetherian ring (R,\fm) an $R$-module $D$ is cyclically pure injective if and only if there is a family $\{C_\lambda\}_{\lambda\in \Lambda}$ of cocyclic modules such that $D$ is isomorphic to a direct summand of $\Pi_{\lambda\in \Lambda}C_\lambda$. Finally, we show that over a complete local ring every finitely generated module which has small cofinite irreducibles is cyclically pure injective.Comment: 18 pages, to appear in Journal of Algebr

Imipenem resistance in clinical Escherichia coli from Qom, Iran

OBJECTIVE: The emergence of metallo-\u3b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is a worldwide health concern. In this study, the first evaluation of MBL genes, bla IMP and bla VIM , in Escherichia coli resistant to imipenem isolated from urine and blood specimens in Qom, Iran is described. Three hundred urine and blood specimens were analysed to detect the presence of E. coli. Resistance to imipenem and other antimicrobials was determined by disk diffusion and MIC. MBL production was screened using CDDT. PCR was also carried out to determine the presence of bla IMP and bla VIM genes in imipenem-resistant isolates. RESULTS: In total, 160 E. coli isolates were collected from March to May 2016. According to disk diffusion, high-level of resistance (20%) to cefotaxime was observed, whereas the lowest (1%) was detected for tetracycline. In addition, five isolates showed resistance to imipenem with a MIC\u2009 65\u20094 \ub5g/mL. CDDT test confirmed that five isolates were MBL-producing strains, but no bla IMP and bla VIM genes were detected. Results of this study show a very low level of resistance to imipenem in our geographical area

Iran – Infrastructure, historical and current developments in performative pedagogy

Theatre and other forms of art have played an unarguable part in the formation of cultures and civilizations all around the world. There is some proof that performance began even before language was invented by man. In their rituals and traditions, our earliest ancestors used their body to convey messages and performed rituals on different occasions. The history of our culture and civilization is replete with various forms of art and performance narrating the stories of generations. From mothers’ bedtime stories to religious ceremonies, for a wide range of purposes, art in general and performance-based art in particular gave shape and meaning to human’s everyday life experiences. This article will present an overview of the history of performative arts in Iran, how it has come to contribute to foreign language teaching, and outline its limitations and future projections. Performative arts have a rather long history in Iran. In one of the most authoritative books on Iranian Performance Tradition, William O’Beeman (2011) presents the rich “tapestry” of Iranian traditional performance which took root many centuries ago, before Iran came into contact with the West. He believes that those who are not familiar with Iranian culture may be truly surprised to discover ..

Sexual Function and Sexual Behavior in Women with Breast Cancer Having Sexual Distress, Zanjan, Iran

Background: Sexual relationships of women with breast cancer are affected by diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess sexual function and sexual behavior in women with breast cancer having sexual distress in Zanjan in 2015-2016. Methods: This cross sectional study was part of a larger study, which was performed on 75 women with breast cancer in the oncology clinic of Valiasr hospital and Mehraneh charity clinic. Sampling was based on a purposeful approach. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Sexual Function Questionnaire (FSFI), and indigenous sexual behavior questionnaire in women of reproductive age (SBQ). Data were analyzed using the Chi-squared and Spearman-Pearson tests. Results: A majority of the women (77.3%) had an undesirable sexual function and orgasm dysfunction (65.3%). Besides, it was found that the majority of women had low to moderate sexual behavior. The correlational analyses related to sexual function and sexual behavior and their sub-scales showed that there was only a significant positive relationship between the sexual capacity subscale and the total sexual function scale (P<0.005). Conclusion: Women with breast cancer had sexual dysfunction and behavior. Designing and implementing related counseling programs may help to reduce sexual distress, improve sexual function and marital satisfaction, and enhance the quality of life of affected women

Essays in asset pricing and labor economics

This thesis is a collection of four essays. In the first chapter, I build a model of a production network where each firm’s choice of debt is endogenous. For a realistic network calibrated to the US economy, the model predicts that more central firms are safer, pay less to borrow, and choose higher debt. I confirm these predictions empirically. The model also produces an important externality: due to bankruptcy costs and network connections, there is a wedge between the socially optimal capital structure and the decentralized equilibrium. This suggests that government policies could reduce the externality, for example by making the tax shield a function of the network position. In chapter 2, I study a standard CARA-normal asset pricing model with arbitrary information-sharing social networks. In the benchmark equilibrium, I show more central investors have access to more information transmitted via the network; and a more connected network always improves price informativeness. However, when there is uncertainty about the source of information and the quality of information varies across different sources, more information sharing could lead to a less informative market price. In addition more central investors' signals could become distorted, lowering their overall access to information via the network. In chapter 3, we quantify firm heterogeneity in skill returns and present direct evidence of worker--firm complementarities. Using population data linked to cognitive and noncognitive skill measures, we estimate a model of firm-specific returns to these attributes. We find evidence of significant return heterogeneity, sorting, and earnings convexification. In chapter 4, we study the introduction of Universal Basic Income (UBI) with a particular focus on how it affects real estate and the urban environment. In the baseline calibration with $5,000 UBI, about 38% of households see large welfare gains, but the remainder see smaller welfare losses. Prices, rents, and the ownership rate all fall. The wage rises and the makeup of the city's inner core versus outer suburbs also changes, although these changes depend on exactly how UBI is financed. The more progressive the financing scheme, the more likely high income households are to leave the city center.Business, Sauder School ofFinance, Division ofGraduat

Investigating Trauma in Narrating World War I: A Psychoanalytical Reading of Pat Barker’s Regeneration

The present paper seeks to critically read Pat Barker’s Regeneration in terms of Cathy Caruth’s psychoanalytic study of trauma. This analysis attempts to trace the concepts of latency, post-traumatic stress disorders, traumatic memory, and trauma in Barker’s novel in order to explore how trauma and history are interrelated in the narrative of past history and, particularly, in the history of World War I. The present paper also demonstrates how Barker’s novel Regeneration acts as the narrative of trauma that vocalizes the silenced history of shell-shocked soldiers of World War I to represent British society, the history that has been concealed due to social and individual factors. The study thus investigates the dissociative disorders which are experienced by traumatized survivors of World War I as the aftermath of traumatic experiences of wartime. In addition, it argues how time moves for the traumatized victim and how the notion of latency in terms of Caruth’s theory is traceable in Barker’s novel. In Regeneration, the traumatized survivors are haunted with traumatic memory of past history; furthermore, past history constantly disrupts their present and the victims are in continuous shift from present time to past time. Time thus loses its linearity in the narrative of traumatized survivors.Keywords: Latency, post-traumatic stress disorders, traumatic memory, traum