Effect of physiological delivery program in mother-friendly hospitals on duration of labor

Introduction: Physiological delivery program was implemented in mother-friendly hospitals of Iran after 2008. The aim of present study is to assess the effect of physiological delivery program in a mother-friendly hospital on duration of active phase and second stage of labor.Methods: This study was a clinical trial that was conducted at the Sinaand Ommobaninmotherfriendly hospitals in Ahvaz, Mashhad, Iran, in 2016. The intervention group of 77 women was offered the childbirth preparation classes during pregnancy and physiological delivery program during labor and the control group of 77 women received routine care.Results: The results showed that after controlling the confounding factors, the active phase and second stage of labor were significantly shorter in the intervention group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Complete implementation of physiological delivery program can reduce the duration of labor pain.Key words: Natural Childbirth; Prenatal Education; non-pharmacologic approaches; First stage of labor; Labor duration; Second stage of labo

Cesarean delivery in Iran: a population-based analysis using the Robson classification system.

BACKGROUND: The rise of Cesarean Sections (CS) is a global concern. In Iran, the rate of CS increased from 40.7% in 2005 to 53% in 2014. This figure is even higher in the private sector. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the CS rates in the last 2 years using the Robson Classification System in Iran. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all in-hospital electronically recorded deliveries in Iran was conducted using the Robson classification. Comparisons were made in terms of the type of hospital, CS rate, and obstetric population, and contributions of each group to the overall cesarean deliveries were reported. RESULTS: Two million three hundred twenty-two thousand five hundred women gave birth, 53.6% delivered through CS. Robson group 5 was the largest contributing group to the overall number of cesarean deliveries (47.1%) at a CS rate of 98.4%. Group 2 and 1 ranked the second and third largest contributing groups to overall CSs (20.6 and 10.8%, respectively). The latter groups had CS rates much higher than the WHO recommendation of 67.2 and 33.1%, respectively. "Fetal Distress" and "Undefined Indications" were the most common reasons for cesarean deliveries at CS rates of 13.6 and 13.4%, respectively. There was a significant variation in CS rate among the three types of hospitals for Robson groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 10. CONCLUSION: The study revealed significant variations in CS rate by hospital peer-group, especially for the private maternity units, suggesting the need for further attention and audit of the Robson groups that significantly influence the overall CS rate. The study results will help policymakers identify effective strategies to reduce the CS rate in Iran, providing appropriate benchmarking to compare obstetric care with other countries that have better maternal and perinatal outcomes

Study on agricultural waste and brackish waters in Ahvaz and Khuramshahr to development aquaculture

This study was done in 2008 on agricultural sewage for aquaculture in six stations. Two stations were in Ahvaz Khorramshahr road near sugar cane plantation sewage in west Karoon, Two stations were in Ahvaz-Abadan road in sugar cane plantation sewage in east Karoon and Azadegan sewage and two stations were in agricultural sewage in the north of Ahvaz. Monthly Samplings of planktons, physical, chemical parameters were taken during Aprile to March 2008. In addition seasonal sampling of benthic fauna and fish were carried out. Heavy metal and toxic samples were done only one time during the study period. Measurement of some parameters such as temperature and pH were done during sampling procedure and other parameters were measured in laboratory based on standard methods. Heavy metal concentrations were measured with polarography and voltammetry techniques and toxic substances were extracted and concentrated to determine the concentration of them in water using GC device. For identifying phytoplanktons, 1 liter water from middle depth was sampled in each station and 4% formalin was added. Zooplankton were sampled monthly using 55µ plankton net. Fish samplings were done using cast net regarding regional condition, and sampling from benthic invertebrate of river were done using Petersen grab with 15.5cm*15.5cm. Results of water quality index (WQI) from Koushk Talaieh (station1), Artificial lake station (station 2), Farabi(station 3), and Azadegan aquaculture sewage station (station4) showed that water quality is in group four. WQS index was used for Maleh(station 5) and Pumping station (6 station) stations due to high levels of salinity. The WQS results showed that water quality of these stations were moderate to low. Heavy metals in water, the ordination is as follows: Ni>Zn>Pb>Cu>Co>Cd>Hg Mercury levels in all cases were less than the standard and all the elements have been somewhat less than chronic toxicity level. The values of all studied metals are lower than the WHO limit. The results indicated that chlorinated pesticides in all samples are at low level and they are at acceptable levels for aquaculture. In this study, 34 genus of phytoplankton from Bacilariophyceae (diatoms), Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Dinophyceae were present with 11, 8, 14 and one genus respectively and the percentage of frequencies were respectively 37.64, 34.26, 23.24 and 4.87%. In general phytoplanktons of wastewater were in modest condition for using in aquaculture. In this study, about 1,000 samples of zooplankton in 6 stations were identified and counted during the year. The high percentage of zooplankton were belonged to three groups of protozoa (mainly ciliates), Rotifer and copepods were. The Rotifers with more than 90 percent frequency had the maximum prevalence. The dominant rotifer species was Brachionus calciferous. Although in this study the dominant group of zooplanktons was rotifers but the frequency is not high. Therefore we cannot call this circumstance as eutrophic condition, however the growing trend of high food phenomenon has announced. High benthic diversity was observed in artificial lake wastewater station and Azadegan aquaculture sewage station. The most frequent taxa were in Azadegan aquaculture sewage station during autumn and winter which belonged to resistant Chironemidae larvae. In Koushk Talaieh, Farabi and Maleh stations, Chironemidae was dominanted and in Pumping station Coleoptera was dominant group. Hilsenhoff index showed that most of waste water stations were in poor to very poor condition, indicating that they were heavily contaminated. The data analysis of macrobenthose data in wastewaters based on Satropi and biological value (Z) showed that potential of fish production in Azadegan and artificial lake was high during the year. These two water sources have suitable situation for potential production and biological value, therefore with special plans for culturing low demand fish would be possible. In this study, 7 fish species belongs to 7 genera from 4 families were collected. Freshwater and marine water species was observed in the catch composition. According to the results of the four studied stations, artificial lake station and Farabi had the highest number of catch which mostly belonged to Acanttopetrus Latus and Liza Abuo. In general, based on biological parameters, such as zooplankton frequency, all stations had similar conditions but in terms of phytoplankton, Azadegan aquaculture sewage station, Pumping stations and Farabi wastewater have better condition for aquaculture. The FBI index showed that the artificial lake station and pumping station are more suitable for aquaculture activity. Low demand fish is recommended for Azadegan aquaculture sewage station. Artificial lake station had lower primary production but it is more suitable for aquaculture because of its lower FBI index value. Most of the fish presence was in the artificial lake station and Farabi wastewater which belonged to two predominant species of Acanttopetrus Latus and Liza Abuo. In general, based on biological and non-biological parameters, artificial lake station in the west Karoon and Azadegan aquaculture sewage station have better water quality than the other stations for aquaculture activities. This requires management action and special schemes

Immersed boundary-finite element model of fluid-structure interaction in the aortic root

It has long been recognized that aortic root elasticity helps to ensure efficient aortic valve closure, but our understanding of the functional importance of the elasticity and geometry of the aortic root continues to evolve as increasingly detailed in vivo imaging data become available. Herein, we describe fluid-structure interaction models of the aortic root, including the aortic valve leaflets, the sinuses of Valsalva, the aortic annulus, and the sinotubular junction, that employ a version of Peskin's immersed boundary (IB) method with a finite element (FE) description of the structural elasticity. We develop both an idealized model of the root with three-fold symmetry of the aortic sinuses and valve leaflets, and a more realistic model that accounts for the differences in the sizes of the left, right, and noncoronary sinuses and corresponding valve cusps. As in earlier work, we use fiber-based models of the valve leaflets, but this study extends earlier IB models of the aortic root by employing incompressible hyperelastic models of the mechanics of the sinuses and ascending aorta using a constitutive law fit to experimental data from human aortic root tissue. In vivo pressure loading is accounted for by a backwards displacement method that determines the unloaded configurations of the root models. Our models yield realistic cardiac output at physiological pressures, with low transvalvular pressure differences during forward flow, minimal regurgitation during valve closure, and realistic pressure loads when the valve is closed during diastole. Further, results from high-resolution computations demonstrate that IB models of the aortic valve are able to produce essentially grid-converged dynamics at practical grid spacings for the high-Reynolds number flows of the aortic root

Association between the rs2241883 polymorphism of the fatty acid-binding protein-1 (FABP1) gene and obesity in a population of MASHAD study cohort

Funding Information: We would like to thank Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Research Council for their financial supports.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Artificial boundaries and formulations for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Applications to air and blood flows.

International audienceWe deal with numerical simulations of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in truncated domain. In this context, the formulation of these equations has to be selected carefully in order to guarantee that their associated artificial boundary conditions are relevant for the considered problem. In this paper, we review some of the formulations proposed in the literature, and their associated boundary conditions. Some numerical results linked to each formulation are also presented. We compare different schemes, giving successful computations as well as problematic ones, in order to better understand the difference between these schemes and their behaviours dealing with systems involving Neumann boundary conditions. We also review two stabilization methods which aim at suppressing the instabilities linked to these natural boundary conditions

Comparative study of the positive value of unlawful testimony in civil proceedings

In the Islamic judicial system, testimony is one of the most important arguments to prove a claim. The validity of testimony depends on the credibility and the number of witnesses. If the testimony lacks the requisite terms and conditions, its validity is shaken. In this paper, we examine the "positive value of unqualified testimony" and refer to its jurisprudential background after presenting the contradictions and ambiguities of domestic law regarding the positive value of such testimony. From the nature of the jurisprudence's testimony, it can be concluded that this type of testimony lacks any positive value.En el sistema judicial islámico, el testimonio es uno de los argumentos más importantes para probar un reclamo. La validez del testimonio depende de la credibilidad y el número de testigos. Si el testimonio carece de los términos y condiciones requeridos, su validez se ve sacudida. En este documento, examinamos el "valor positivo de un testimonio no calificado" y nos referimos a sus antecedentes jurisprudenciales después de presentar las contradicciones y ambigüedades de la ley interna con respecto al valor positivo de dicho testimonio. Por la naturaleza del testimonio de la jurisprudencia, se puede concluir que este tipo de testimonio carece de valor positivo

Mathematical model of optimal chemotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy

In this paper, a mathematical model of fighting against cancer tumor growth by a combination of oncolytic virotherapy and chemotherapy is introduced. In this model, we considered two time delays �1 and �2 . The time delay �1 shows the lag of transmission of infection from oncolytic virus to tumor cells. A lot of kind of cancers, symptoms are diagnosed at a late stage and as a consequence the chemotherapy approach start with a lag . Thus, we take this delay into account by presenting the time delay �2 in the control variable. Therefore, in this study, delay parameters are used for both state and control variables. The Pontryagin minimum principle with delays in both state and control is used to obtain an optimal model for the treatment to minimize the side effect as well as the cost of the treatment. © 2020, University of Nis. All rights reserved