Karyological study on bighead goby (Neogobius kessleri) from southern part of the Caspian Sea

Karyological characteristics of bighead goby (Neogobius kessleri) in the Caspian Sea were studied by examining 30 metaphase chromosome spreads from the kidney tissue of 10 specimens. The chromosome number of this species was found 2n=46 and the arm number as NF=46. The prepared karyotype of this species consisted of 23 pairs acro-telocentric (a-t) chromosomes. The chromosomal formula can be stated as 2n=46 (a-t). Karyological parameters showed that relative length was between 2.34-7.04 and length variation range of chromosomes was between 1.67-5.01 and total length was 71.16µm. It was found that the best chromosomal spread quality were obtained from intraperitonial injection of 40µg/g colchicine for 5 hours, hypotonization of samples in %1 sodium tri-citrate solution in 4ºC and preparation of spreads on cooled slide with flame technique

Investigating the effect of turbulence on hemolysis through cell-resolved fluid-structure interaction simulations

Existing hemolysis algorithms are often constructed for laminar flows that expose red blood cells to a constant rate of shear. It remains an open question whether such models are applicable to turbulent flows, where there is a significant variation in shear rate along cell trajectories. To evaluate the effect of turbulence on hemolysis, we perform cell-resolved simulations of red blood cells in turbulent channel flow at $Re_\tau=180$ and 360 and compare them against the results obtained from laminar flow simulations at an equivalent wall shear stress. This comparison shows that, while the laminar flow generally induces greater stretch in the cell in a time-averaged sense, cells experience an overall larger deformation in turbulence. This difference is attributed to extreme events in turbulence that occasionally create bursts of high shear conditions, which, consequently, induce a large deformation in the cells. Associating damage with the most extreme deformation regimes, we observe that, in the worst case, the turbulent flow can produce deformation in the cell that is higher than the absolute maximum value in the analogous laminar case approximately 14\% of the time. Additionally, the $Re_\tau=180$ universally induced greater deformation in the cells than the $Re_\tau = 360$ case, suggesting that increasing the range of scales in the flow does not necessarily yield greater deformation when all other parameters are kept constant. A strong direct correlation ($R>0.8$) between shear rate and deformation metrics was observed in turbulence. The correlation against $Q$-criterion is inverse and weaker ($R\approx -0.26$), but once the shear contribution is subtracted, it improves in terms of areal dilatation ($R\approx -0.6$).Comment: 27 pages, 9 figure

Studying the Relationship between Educational Managers’ Thinking Style and Transformational Leadership Style Sari Islamic Azad University as Case Study

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between educational managers’ thinking style and transformational leadership style in Sari branch of Islamic Azad University. The present study is a descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population of this study includes all educational managers (both assistantsand heads of departments) in Sari branch of Islamic Azad University. The statistical population consists of 59 members (including 3 faculty chairs, 9 assistants, and 49 educational managers). In order to collect the research data, questionnaire of thinking styles and questionnaire of transformation leadership were used. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the research data and testing the hypotheses. T-test is the main statistical method which was used for this purpose. The findings revealed that educational managers’ thinking style is judicial style from functional view, is holistic one from level perspective, is an outward-oriented one from scope view, and is a liberal one from tendency view. The findings also revealed that measure of transformational leadership style of the educational managers is an ideal-influence model. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that educational managers of this university have a hierarchy-based thinking style and oligarchy style and mental motivation measure in their style. Keywords: style, thinking, manager, training, leadershi

Stabilized finite element methods for the time-spectral convection-diffusion equation

Discretizing a solution in the Fourier domain rather than the time domain presents a significant advantage in solving transport problems that vary smoothly and periodically in time, such as cardiorespiratory flows. The finite element solution of the resulting time-spectral formulation is investigated here for the convection-diffusion equations. In addition to the baseline Galerkin's method, we consider stabilized approaches inspired by the streamline upwind Petrov/Galerkin (SUPG), Galerkin/least square (GLS), and variational multiscale (VMS) methods. We also introduce a new augmented SUPG (ASU) method that, by design, produces a nodally exact solution in one dimension for piecewise linear interpolation functions. Comparing these five methods using 1D, 2D, and 3D canonical test cases shows while the ASU is most accurate overall, it exhibits stability issues in extremely oscillatory flows with a high Womersley number in 3D. The GLS method, which is identical to the VMS for this problem, presents an attractive alternative due to its excellent stability and reasonable accuracy.Comment: *Correspondence: [email protected]

The capability of Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction technique for characterizing nano-grained oxide scales formed on a FeCrAl stainless steel

This letter focuses on the capability of Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for obtaining microstructural and micro-textural information from nano-grained oxide scales formed on a FeCrAl alloy. Orientation maps, with an indexing rate of 85%, showed the formation of grains in the range 20-300 nm. TKD revealed the existence of an orientation relationship at the alloy/oxide interface as well as the presence of a single grain (40 nm) with spinel structure in the alumina scale. A pre-tilted sample holder was designed for 110 investigations at short working distances with minimized mechanical drift of the thin foils. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V

Psychotropic Agents Poisoning: Analysis of Cases Reported to Shahid Beheshti Drug and Poison Information Center

Background: Antidepressants, antipsychotics and benzodiazepines overdose events are the most reported poisoning each year from Shahid Beheshti Drug and Poison Information Center (DPIC) (a branch of Iran Drug and Poison Information Center in Tehran), which clearly shows the necessity of providing prevention program and instruction plan in taking psychotropic agents.Methods: This survey was a descriptive retrospective study by reviewing 390 reported phone calls from Shahid Beheshti Drug and Poison Information Center (DPIC), in Tehran, through 2010 to 2012.Results: 390 reported cases of psychotropic agents including overdoses, medical errors such as extra dose, accidental exposure of medications, especially in children, cases of suicide, and intentional use (were) recorded. The main causes of poisoning calls to the DPIC, were included intentional and suicidal actions (40%), accidental events (27%), drug abuse (26%) and, medical errors (7%), respectively. Up to 50% of calls were about benzodiazepines (BZD) poisoning and the most adverse effects were Central Nervous System (CNS) effects followed by gastrointestinal side effects.Conclusion: According to the results, in order to achieve the proper effect of psychotropic agents and preventing related poisoning, providing pharmaceutical services and awareness of patients are necessary. It should be about the therapeutic effects and side effects of their medications by pharmacists and poison centers and limiting the accessibility of patients to large amounts of these medications by regulatory organizations