The effect of resource adequacy on depression among adolescent mothers in urban and non-urban environments

In recent decades, scholars and politicians have debated the socioeconomic effects of adolescent pregnancy for individuals, families, and society. Pregnant and parenting adolescents often must cope with a lack of resources as they struggle to negotiate the tasks of motherhood and adolescence. Previous research has determined that young mothers have an increased rate of depression when compared to older mothers (Sarri & Phillips, 2004).;In this study, self-perceived resource adequacy, income, and education at approximately six months after birth were investigated as predictors of depression at approximately 14 and 36 months after birth in adolescent mothers (N = 523). It was hypothesized that increased self-perceived resources will be related to lower levels of depression while controlling for education and income, and education and income will be related to lower levels of depression while controlling for self-perceived resources. Environment (urban vs. non-urban) will also be used as a second-level predictor in a multilevel model.;Education was a significant predictor of depression in the expected direction at 14 (but not 36 months) while controlling for age and income. However, when self-perceived resources were added to the model, self-perceived resources were significant, whereas education was not. In general, self-perceived resources accounted for a statistically significant amount of variance in depression at 14 and 36 months while controlling for other factors, as adolescent mothers with greater self-perceived resources were less likely to be depressed. Urban vs. non-urban environmental setting did not significantly predict depression.;Future researchers would be wise to focus on a young woman\u27s view of her situation, as it appears that self-perceived resources play a role the prediction of depressive symptoms. It would be useful to tease apart the causal relationship between self-perceived resources and depression by assessing both among adolescent mothers at several points in time. If a young women\u27s perceptions of her strengths impacts her level of depression at a later point, social workers and nurses would be helping to prevent depression by guiding clients to emphasize the positive aspects of their motherhood

Elementary Teacher Perceptions Regarding Language Impairments, the Referral Process, and Working with SLPs in the Schools

Utilizing semi-structured interviews, teachers were asked about their knowledge of language development (LD), language disorders (LI), the referral process (RP), and their experiences collaborating with SLPs. Qualitative methods were utilized to code the teacher responses and to develop overall themes. Teachers reported limited coursework covering LD and LI, confidence in the overall referral process, and positive strategies and outcomes related to collaborating with SLPs

Even in today's fragmented media environment, the president still has the power to lead the debate on income inequality

The election of Donald Trump has reaffirmed that presidents are still able to lead the news agenda in the US. But, can presidents use this power to lead debates towards legislative fixes in important policy areas? In new research that examines 14 years of presidential news coverage, Matthew Eshbaugh-Soha and Ronald J. McGauvran find that presidential attention appears to have ..

Project body image

I have chosen to develop an intervention intended to improve body image in middle/junior high school girls. This project has been conducted in four parts: 1) literature review, 2) initial screening, 3) college interviews, and 4) middle school group interview. My goal in interviewing college women was to compare the ideas and experiences of those with positive and negative body images and incorporate these findings into my intervention. My motivation for interviewing middle school girls was to explore more fully their culture, in particular the media images that are most influential in their lives. I will detail each of these stages separately before revealing my own suggestions for the curriculum. After discussing my ideas for an intervention, I will outline several additional programs to improve body image in girls and women that reach beyond the scope of an intervention. Though not addressed directly in this project, body image and eating disorders also affect men , particularly gays males and athletes. My reason for limiting this research and curriculum to young women is that there is little research available on men with these types of problems and, from what is known, the motivations for dieting may vary between women and men, particularly male athletes. Also, women are often more directly affected by the media, which plays a key role in the intervention I have designed. My project may focus solely on females, but it is not my intent to imply that these problems do not exist in males. It is simply the case that designing an intervention for both genders or two separate interventions is beyond the scope of this project

Monophyletic subgroups of the tribe Millettieae (Leguminosae) as revealed by phytochrome nucleotide sequence data

Phylogenetic analysis of phytochrome (PHY) genes reveals the identity and relationships of four PHY loci among papilionoid Leguminosae. A phylogenetic analysis of loci combined according to species suggests that most of the tribe Millettieae belongs to one of two monophyletic clades: the Derris-Lonchocarpus or the Tephrosia clade. Together these two form a monophyletic group that is sister to a lineage represented by Millettia grandis of Millettia sect. Compresso-gemmatae. Collectively, this large monophyletic group is referred to as the Millettieae-core group, which based on our sampling, includes species of Millettieae that do not accumulate the nonprotein amino acid canavanine and that mostly have pseudoracemose or pseudopaniculate inflorescences. This new phylogenetic framework assists in targeting additional taxa for future sampling. For example, the \u27American Derris\u27 (Deguelia), which accumulate canavanine, might not be members of the Millettieae core group. Afgekia is also predicted not to be a member because it accumulates canavanine and has an inflorescence of terminal racemes. PHY gene analysis specifically reveals that certain genera traditionally classified in Millettieae are actually distantly related to the Millettieae core group, such as Austrosteensia, Callerya, Craibia, Cyclolobium, Fordia, Platycyamus, Poecilanthe, and Wisteria

Presidential influence over the systemic agenda

Abstract One of the most widely accepted sources of presidential power is agenda setting. Being able to affect the media's agenda on key issues-influencing the systemic agenda and "expanding the scope of conflict"-has enormous consequences for the president's ability to govern effectively. Yet the literature to date has not conclusively determined the extent to which presidents consistently set agendas, especially over the media, because it has not explicitly considered variation in agenda-setting influence by policy type. For these reasons, we test whether presidential public statements have increased the media's attention to three policy areas. Using Vector Autoregression (VAR) analysis, we demonstrate that presidents have some influence over the systemic agenda, at least in the short term, with policy type being an important predictor of presidential influence. Understanding when and why presidents may or may not be successful agenda setters is crucial to explaining the varying legislative impacts of presidential speech making. Agenda setting has long been viewed as a vital source of power in American politics. Whoever controls the agenda affects which issues are debated, how they are framed, and who may participate. Much work on agenda setting holds unequivocally that presidents have this power, and that they are uniquely situated to affect the national agenda. John Kingdon (1984, 25), in his seminal study on Washington agenda setting, maintained that "no other single actor in the political system has quite the capability of the president to set agendas." Baumgartner and Jones (1993, 241) surmised, "no single actor can focus attention as clearly, or change the motivations of such a great number of other actors, as the president." After all, these scholars assert that Congress, the public, and the news media regularly look to presidents for leadership on the nation's most pressing issues. Presidential influence over agenda setting arguably increases the president's ability to govern effectively. If the president dictates the issues that Congress debates each legislative session, he is more likely to succeed on his top legislative prioritie