No differences between men and women in adverse drug reactions related to psychotropic drugs: a survey from France, Italy and Spain

Producción CientíficaA large number of studies have suggested that being a woman represents a potential risk factor for the development of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The aim of this study is to further explore the differences between men and women with regard to reported ADRs, particularly those associated with psychotropic drugs. We used spontaneous reports of suspected ADRs collected by Midi-Pyrénées (France), Veneto (Italy) and Castilla y León (Spain) Regional Pharmacovigilance Centres (January 2007-December 2009). All the reports including a psychotropic medication were selected in a first step; age distribution, seriousness and type of ADRs were compared between men and women. Reports of nonpsychotropic drugs were similarly identified and treated. The absolute number of reports and the proportion, considering population, were higher in women than in men. This was observed for all reports, but was particularly higher for psychotropic drugs (592 vs. 375; P < 0.001) than for nonpsychotropics drugs (5193 vs. 4035; P < 0.001). Antidepressants were the most reported (women, 303; men, 141; P < 0.001); the reporting rates (number of reports divided by exposed patients in the same period, estimated through sales data) for these drugs, however, were not significantly different between women (0.87 cases per 10 000 treated persons per year) and men (0.81 cases per 10 000 treated persons per year). Although there was a higher number of reports of ADRs in women, ADR reporting rates might be similar as highlighted by the case of antidepressants. Antidepressant ADRs in fact were similarly reported in men and in women. Gender differences are sometimes subtle and difficult to explore. International networks, as the one established for this study, do contribute to better analyse problems associated with medications.Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Sanidad. Dirección General de Salud Pública e Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación

Hip fracture rates and bisphosphonate consumption in Spain. An ecologic study

Producción CientíficaIntroduction Bisphosphonates are used worldwide to treat osteoporosis and, thus, to prevent fractures. Though they have been proven in clinical trials to avoid some fractures, their effectiveness in reducing hip fractures is unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between bisphosphonate use and hip fracture trends in Spain. Methods For this purpose, an ecologic study spanning 2002 to 2008 was conducted in Spain. Consumption data were obtained from the Spanish Ministry of Health and Social Policy. The number of hip fractures was obtained from hospital discharges; annual hip fracture rates were determined and standardized using the Spanish 2002 population census. A linear regression was performed between fracture rate and use of bisphosphonates; R2 and Pearson correlation coefficient were calculated. Results From 2002 to 2008, dispensed prescriptions of bisphosphonates in Spain increased from 3.28 to 17.66 DDD/1,000 inhabitants per day. In the same period, the crude hip fracture rate increased from 2.85 to 3.02 cases per 1,000 inhabitants older than 50 years; however, when age standardized rates were estimated, the rate declined from 2.85 to 2.79. Analyzed by sex, the standardized rate for men slightly increased from 1.45 to 1.48, while for women the rate significantly dropped from 4.00 to 3.91.Conclusion A small effect of bisphosphonates on hip fracture rates can not be ruled out; however, other factors might partially explain this decline. Assuming this medication was the only cause for hip fracture rate reduction, the elevated medication cost to avoid a single hip fracture makes it necessary to explore less expensive intervention

Módulo 0 : primer curso de Educación Infantil (Grupo B) : año académico 2008-09

Publicación realizada al amparo de los Proyectos de Innovación Educativa tipo A-2, en el contexto de la Convergencia Europea (R-232/2008, de 22 de abril de la Universidad de Murcia), financiados por la Universidad de Murcia y por la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia.Módulo inicial de adaptación al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), de una semana de duración, para alumnos de primer curso de la Titulación de Maestro en Educación Infantil. Se presentan las guías docentes de cada una de las asignaturas del curso, así como pautas y dinámicas para el trabajo en equipo, la utilización de SUMA (plataforma telemática de enseñanza-aprendizaje del campus virtual de la Universidad de Murcia), la búsqueda y localización bibliográfica, el trabajo autónomo y cooperativo y el desarrollo de competencias transversales para poner en práctica los conceptos y conocimientos adquiridos..MurciaBiblioteca Regional de Murcia. Fondo Regional; Avda. Juan Carlos I, 17; 30008 Murcia; +34968366590; +34968366600; [email protected]