Die Rolle der Angiogenese in der pathologischen und physiologischen Myokardhypertrophie

Als Myokardhypertrophie versteht man eine Zunahme der Wanddicke des Herzmuskels sowie eine Zunahme der Herzmuskelmasse im Rahmen einer Druck- und Volumenbelastung des Herzens oder im Rahmen einer regelmäßigen Trainingsbelastung. Man unterscheidet dabei grundsätzlich in physiologische und pathologische Myokardhypertrophie. Die physiologische Hypertrophie weist eine gleichbleibende oder verbesserte kardiale Funktion auf, wohingegen die pathologische Myokardhypertrophie zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Herzfunktion führt. Im Gegensatz zur physiologischen Myokardhypertrophie wird die pathologische Hypertrophie mit einer verringerten Kapillardichte im linken Ventrikel assoziiert, die zur Beeinträchtigung der Herzfunktion führt. Die genauen Mechanismen hierfür sind jedoch noch unklar. Daher sollte der Stellenwert der Angiogenese bei der physiologischen und pathologischen Myokardhypertrophie eingehend betrachtet werden. Zum einen wurde untersucht, ob die Inhibierung der Angiogenese eine physiologische in eine pathologische Hypertrophie überführt und zum andern sollte der Einfluss von CalcineurinA, einem wichtigen Mediator der pathologischen Myokardhypertrophie, auf die Regulation der Angiogenese untersucht werden. Mit dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Inhibierung der Angiogenese in der physiologischen Hypertrophie weder die kardiale Funktion beeinträchtigt, noch die Reexpression des fetalen Genprogramms, typisches Kennzeichen der pathologischen Hypertrophie, induziert. Somit war es durch Inhibierung der Angiogenese nicht möglich, die physiologische Hypertrophie in eine patholoigsche zu überführen. Desweitern konnte gezeigt werden, dass CalcineurinA den Transkriptionsfaktor HIF-1α über einen HSP90 abhängigen Mechanismus stabilisiert und die Expression proangiogener Faktoren, wie z.B. VEGF-A, induziert. Dadurch konnte, trotz einer ausgeprägten pathologischen Hypertrophie, eine Verminderung der Kapillardichte verhindert werden. Es konnte also gezeigt werden, dass CalcineurinA einen partiell protektiven Effekt auf die pathologische Myokardhypertrophie ausübt

Facial duplication: Case, review, and embryogenesis

The craniofacial anatomy of an infant with facial duplication is described. There were four eyes, two noses, two maxillae, and one mandible. Anterior to the single pituitary the brain was duplicated and there was bilateral arhinencephaly. Portions of the brain were extruded into a large frontal encephalocele. Cases of symmetrical facial duplication reported in the literature range from two complete faces on a single head (diprosopus) to simple nasal duplication. The variety of patterns of duplication suggests that the doubling of facial components arises in several different ways: Forking of the notochord, duplication of the prosencephalon, duplication of the olfactory placodes, and duplication of maxillary and/or mandibular growth centers around the margins of the stomatodeal plate. Among reported cases, the female:male ratio is 2:1.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/38153/1/1420250205_ftp.pd

mHealth and the need of evaluation processes

There are currently a great deal of available health applications available on various app-stores around the globe and more is being added each day. With that vast amount of available options, which health applications are trustworthy and offers the functionality that the users are looking for? With the current regulations and classification processes, it is difficult to know if mHealth services offers the high standards that it should. This thesis investigates the need for mHealth services tobe subject of an evaluation process, by a health organization or a government agency, to ensure that quality standards are high. We discover the current “state-of-the-art” of mHealth and the privacy-and usability aspects of mHealth, we find outif evaluated and approved mHealth applications are believed to be more attractive to use than the non-evaluated counterparts, and lastly, we identify what aspects is important to evaluate of mHealth applications. To provide answers to the thesis, we perform a literature review and distribute a survey to a small group of potential users of mHealth services. The literature review provides information about the current state of mHealth around the globe. Moreover, the literature review also reveals that both usability, but especially privacy, is of major importance when creating mHealth services. We also discover that there are voices from field experts that suggests mHealth services to be subject of an evaluation process, similar to what we suggest in this thesis. With the survey, we identify the respondents’ current utilization of mHealth services. We also find out what aspects they believe is important and if their trust and utilization of an evaluated and approved mHealth service would be affected compared to a non-evaluated counterpart. The respondents of the survey is parents of young children, a group that is likely in need of medical attention in one way or another and still has the technical experience that is required to answer the survey

mHealth and the need of evaluation processes

There are currently a great deal of available health applications available on various app-stores around the globe and more is being added each day. With that vast amount of available options, which health applications are trustworthy and offers the functionality that the users are looking for? With the current regulations and classification processes, it is difficult to know if mHealth services offers the high standards that it should. This thesis investigates the need for mHealth services tobe subject of an evaluation process, by a health organization or a government agency, to ensure that quality standards are high. We discover the current “state-of-the-art” of mHealth and the privacy-and usability aspects of mHealth, we find outif evaluated and approved mHealth applications are believed to be more attractive to use than the non-evaluated counterparts, and lastly, we identify what aspects is important to evaluate of mHealth applications. To provide answers to the thesis, we perform a literature review and distribute a survey to a small group of potential users of mHealth services. The literature review provides information about the current state of mHealth around the globe. Moreover, the literature review also reveals that both usability, but especially privacy, is of major importance when creating mHealth services. We also discover that there are voices from field experts that suggests mHealth services to be subject of an evaluation process, similar to what we suggest in this thesis. With the survey, we identify the respondents’ current utilization of mHealth services. We also find out what aspects they believe is important and if their trust and utilization of an evaluated and approved mHealth service would be affected compared to a non-evaluated counterpart. The respondents of the survey is parents of young children, a group that is likely in need of medical attention in one way or another and still has the technical experience that is required to answer the survey