Problems Associated with Managing Distributed Organizational Web Sites: A Modified Goal Theory Approach

This paper describes an exploratory, comparative case study of the perceived problems associated with managing distributed organizational web sites. The study has three goals. First, the study seeks to compare problems, goals and external stimuli experienced by web managers in centralized and decentralized IT support units. Second, the study seeks to investigate the unit level contextual factors important to understanding differences in these constructs. Finally, the study will evaluate the usefulness of a modified goal theory as a framework for studying individual\u27s perceptions of IT related problems. The researcher will employ semi-structured interviews across twelve individual level cases

REDUCTION OF RISK: A FLIGHT CREW GUIDE TO THE AVOIDANCE AND MITIGATION OF WILDLIFE STRIKES TO AIRCRAFT

Each year the world’s airlines lose between $1 billion to$2 billion due to wildlife strikes to aircraft. This is roughly the same level of loss as the carriers pay out each year for lost luggage. One US airline cites its losses at $2 million a month due to engine ingestion alone. The last several years have seen both hull losses to air carrier aircraft and lesser damage caused by such actions as loss of control and runway excursions. Wildlife strike mitigation is a defense in depth: airplane certification/construction standards; action by airport operators to minimize wildlife on and around airports; standards/regulation development by authorities such as ICAO and national regulators. What is missing is affirmative action by airline operators to develop and implement policy which will aid in the mitigation of this risk. As the airline operator, through its employees, is on the tip of the spear with this hazard, sound avoidance and mitigation policies, detailing actions which may be taken by employees, should be implemented. This paper will detail common practices which will reduce/eliminate wildlife strikes or mitigate their impact

Designing sustainable data archives: comparing sustainability frameworks

This theory review paper argues that in order to ensure the longevity of data, we need a better understanding of the sustainability of institutions that steward data. The paper considers what sustainability means in relation to data archives. It compares five frameworks that inform the concept of sustainability in order to develop a more complex understanding of the concept of sustainability. The resulting conceptualizations of sustainability can aid data archive stakeholders, designers and analysts in making decisions about how to develop “sustainable” data institutions

REDUCTION OF RISK: A FLIGHT CREW GUIDE TO THE AVOIDANCE AND MITIGATION OF WILDLIFE STRIKES TO AIRCRAFT

Each year the world’s airlines lose between $1 billion to$2 billion due to wildlife strikes to aircraft. This is roughly the same level of loss as the carriers pay out each year for lost luggage. One US airline cites its losses at $2 million a month due to engine ingestion alone. The last several years have seen both hull losses to air carrier aircraft and lesser damage caused by such actions as loss of control and runway excursions. Wildlife strike mitigation is a defense in depth: airplane certification/construction standards; action by airport operators to minimize wildlife on and around airports; standards/regulation development by authorities such as ICAO and national regulators. What is missing is affirmative action by airline operators to develop and implement policy which will aid in the mitigation of this risk. As the airline operator, through its employees, is on the tip of the spear with this hazard, sound avoidance and mitigation policies, detailing actions which may be taken by employees, should be implemented. This paper will detail common practices which will reduce/eliminate wildlife strikes or mitigate their impact

HIGH SPEED FLIGHT AT LOW ALTITUDE: HAZARD TO COMMERCIAL AVIATION ?

Commercial aircraft are capable of, and in fact, do, operate at high speed (\u3e250 knots indicated airspeed [KIAS]) at low altitude (below 10,000’ above ground level) worldwide. Design, construction and certification standards for these aircraft were developed over 40 years ago. Since the development of these standards populations of large flocking birds have increased dramatically in many parts of the world. Yet neither design/construction standards nor operational practice have changed to reflect the new threat. Subsequent serious damage resulting from recent collisions indicates change is necessary. Since 2003, flight rules in Canada and the United States have been amended, principally due to concern over bird strikes, to prohibit high-speed flight below 10,000’. As Mexico has already adopted such standard there is now no high-speed flight at low altitude in North America. Worldwide, however, various Flight Identification Regions (FIRs) have adopted a variety of speeds at low altitude to suit air traffic control (ATC) requirements. Most operators and regulators are unaware of the force imparted on airframes and engines by bird collisions, demonstrated by the equation: kinetic energy = (½ mass) times (velocity2). For example, a 20% increase in aircraft speed from 250 to 300 KIAS results in a 44% increase in impact energy during a bird strike. Clearly the speed of the aircraft and engine rotation speed are more important in a collision than the size of the bird and more controllable than the size of the bird. While hardening the aircraft structure is an effective mitigation strategy, a faster and cheaper solution to reducing impact energy on the aircraft is to adopt operating strategies and rules which limit exposure to damage during collisions. One such strategy/rule is to prohibit high-speed flight at low altitude by commercial aircraft

Have Population Increases of Large Birds Outpaced Airworthiness Standards for Civil Aircraft?

Bird-aircraft collisions (bird strikes) are an increasing safety and economic concern to the USA civil aviation industry, costing over $400 million each year. One approach to reducing risks associated with strikes is to require commercial aircraft components to meet certain standards of safe performance in the event of a bird strike. The Federal Aviation Administration has developed airworthiness standards for airframes, windshields and engines using a single 4-lb (1.82-kg) bird mass as the maximum that must be tested (with the exception of a single 8-lb bird for the empennage, 6-lb bird for certain mid-sized engines that may be developed in the future, and an 8-lb bird for certain large-intake engines on aircraft such as the Boeing 777). Because of concern within the aviation industry that populations of certain flocking bird species weighing more than 4 lbs, such as Canada geese (Branta canadensis), have increased dramatically, discussions are underway in the USA and Europe regarding the need to revise 4- and 8-lb test standards to heavier body masses or to include multiple strikes. To help clarify this issue, we surveyed the avian literature and determined that 36 and 14 of the approximately 650 bud species that nest in North America (north of Mexico) have average body masses (for at least 1 gender) greater than 4 and 8 lbs, respectively. Of the 31 species for which population trend data were available, 24 (77%) showed population increases over the past 2040 years, 2 showed declines, and the other 5 were stable. Thirteen of the 14 species with mean body masses over 8 lbs showed population increases. At least 261 strikes with \u3e4-lb birds caused substantial damage to civil aircraft in the US4 1990-2001. Furthermore, multiple buds were involved in 31% of the strikes with \u3e4-lb buds and 40% of the strikes with \u3e8-lb buds. Therefore, we conclude that airframe, windshield, and engine standards, as well as proposals to allow high-speed (\u3e250 knot) operations below 10,000 feet, should be reevaluated to address the threat posed by increased populations of large flocking buds. Finally, because most critical aircraft components are not designed to withstand strikes by birds greater than 4 lhs, wildlife biologists who work at airports should increase efforts to detect, remove and disperse these large buds from airport environments

Joint Attention and Occupations for Children and Families Living with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review

Background: Research reports that children living with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may demonstrate deficits in social, emotional, behavioral, and communication skills, which adversely affect social participation and occupational engagement. Joint attention skills constitute any nonverbal communication that captures the attention of another to create a shared interactional experience. The components of joint attention can be targeted through intervention to promote occupational engagement in childhood co-occupations. Methods: A scoping review process was applied in the current study. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria to be analyzed through critical appraisal of topics and use of a matrix. Results: Evidence indicates that joint attention skills can be developed in children living with ASD through targeted teaching interventions. Analysis of the data elucidated emergent themes in the form of commonly used strategies to develop joint attention skills in children living with ASD. Conclusion: Joint attention teaching strategies can be implemented to develop social interaction performance skills in children living with ASD. The benefits of developing joint attention skills in this population directly relate to improved occupational and co-occupational engagement. Joint attention teaching strategies naturally align with occupational therapy techniques and approaches and should be considered as an enhancement to occupational therapy intervention

Web IS Management Problems: Results from a Post-Implemenation Field Study

This paper describes the preliminary results of a multisite field study to document the problems common to post implementation management of web information systems (web IS). This study of web IS managers uses coordination theory as an analytical frame in the identification and analysis of web IS management problems common across traditional manufacturing organizations. The preliminary analysis reported here is a typology of 13 problem types. Results will aid in the planning and evaluation of organizational web management efforts

Bouncing localized structures in a liquid-crystal light-valve experiment

Experimental evidence of bouncing localized structures in a nonlinear optical system is reported.Comment: 4 page

Comparing use terms in a Spanish and US research university e-journal licenses: recent trends

This paper describes the results of a study to compare contemporary e-journal licenses from two research universities in the United States and Spain in terms of e-reserves, interlibrary loan, text and data mining, authors´ rights and treatment of copyright exceptions, usage statistics, governing law, data privacy, and obligations entailing security. The data include a higher proportion of scholarly society and academic press publishers than earlier license analyses. This analysis compares license terms over time, across publisher types and between the two libraries, and it compares findings with recommendations from model licenses. The results show progress toward model license goals in some areas, but deficiencies in others including self-archiving, usage statistics clauses, and clauses related to e-resource data privacy and library security and disciplinary obligations. Our findings also raise questions about international ILL and governing venue clauses in library licenses outside the North American context