Innovative Technologies And Modern Facilities In Beekeeping

This article discusses the features of the application of innovative technologies in beekeeping. The authors, based on years of personal experience in beekeeping and learning experience of the best apiaries in Russia and abroad, summarized materials on the topic and offered advanced modern technology in beekeeping to apply, which was successfully tested in other apiaries

«Преступление и Наказание»: объяснение, интерпретации, понимание

The article is not about “wrong” or, to the contrary, “correct” approaches: explanation, interpretations, understanding are absolutely necessary cognitive acts, without which any adequate study of Dostoyevsky seems impossible. However, these are fundamentally different mindsets that actualize various vectors of researchers’ attention. An explanation of “Crime and Punishment” is impossible without an actual historical, as well as a textological, commentary. This is precisely the area where one may talk about a significant progress in the study of Dostoyevsky’s novel. It is not surprising, since explanation is the closest to the mindset of so-called “natural sciences” (W. Dilthey), with its declared “objectivity” (a mindset for non-subjectivity) as if protecting from the subjective distortions in one’s discipline. At the same time, one or the other interpretation of “Crime and Punishment” are inseparable from historically changing and sometimes drastically diverging – methodologically, culturally, politically, aesthetically – mindsets of interpreters of Dostoyevsky’s text. At times, readers’ “drifting” (R. Barthes) in such a text may result in interesting findings, however, it often leads researchers beyond the limits of adequate readings, which I define as the “spectrum of adequacy”. Finally, the third version of researchers’ “examination” of Dostoyevsky’s novel is a personal understanding of it, in one way or another included within the “spectrum of adequacy”. These mismatching but equally adequate in respect to Dostoyevsky’s intentions acts of researchers’ understanding are impossible without an axiological concord between the understanding mind and the writer’s dominant mindset. While Dostoyevsky predetermines the direction of readers’ receptions, he does not direct each of the reader’s (and therefore, researcher’s) receptions, providing them with a certain freedom of choice, within which they are allowed to make decisions at their discretion.В статье речь идет не об «ошибочных» или, напротив того, «правильных» подходах: объяснение, интерпретации, понимание являются абсолютно необходимыми познавательными актами, без которых любое адекватное изучение Достоевского представляется мне невозможным. Однако это все-таки принципиально отличающиеся установки, актуализирующие различные векторы исследовательского внимания. Объяснение «Преступления и Наказания» невозможно без реально-исторического, а также текстологического комментария. Именно в этой сфере можно говорить о значительном прогрессе в изучении романа Достоевского. Это и неудивительно, поскольку как раз объяснение ближе всего к методологическим постулатам так называемых «наук о природе» (В. Дильтей), с их декларируемой «объективностью» (установкой на бессубъектность) как будто гарантирующей от субъективистских искажений своего предмета. Тогда как те или иные интерпретации «Преступления и Наказания» неотделимы от исторически изменчивых и порой резко расходящихся – методологически, культурно, политически, эстетически - установок самих истолкователей текста Достоевского.  «Дрейфование» читателей (Р. Барт) по этому тексту порой приводит к интересным результатам, однако же оно зачастую выводит исследователей за пределы той совокупности адекватных прочтений, которые я определяю понятием «спектра адекватности». Наконец, третий вариант исследовательского «освоения» романа Достоевского представляет собой то или иное его личностное понимание, так или иначе входящее в «спектр адекватности». Эти несовпадающие друг с другом, однако в равной мере адекватные художественным интенциям Достоевского акты исследовательского понимания невозможны без аксиологического созвучия понимающего сознания доминантным установкам писателя. Вместе с тем Достоевский хотя и предопределяет вектор читательских рецепций, но отнюдь не направляет непременно каждую рецепцию читателя (значит, и литературоведа), предоставляя тому некую свободу выбора, в пределах которой тот волен принимать решения по своему усмотрению.

Novas categorias da filologia russa para a compreensão da poética de Dostoiévski

В статье обосновывается необходимость нового понимания поэтики Достоевского. Суть его состоит в том, что творчество Достоевского необходимо рассматривать как органическую часть русской православной культуры с ее пасхальным архетипом и верховенством благодати (милости, любви, прощения) над законом (правовыми отношениями, наказанием). Однако главная сложность состоит в соотнесении подобного подхода с новым истолкованием поэтики. Научное наследие Бахтина недопустимо в настоящее время воспринимать некритически, поскольку сам ученый впоследствии признал невозможность свободно писать «о главном». Необходимо восстановить в поэтике те фигуры умолчания, которые не мог высказать в свое время Бахтин.O artigo se fundamenta na necessidade de uma nova compreensão da poética de Dostoiévski. Sua essência reside no fato de que a obra de Dostoiévski deve ser considerada como uma parte orgânica da cultura ortodoxa russa com seu arquétipo pascal e de Bem-Aventurança (misericórdia, amor e perdão) acima da lei (relações jurídicas e punição). No entanto, a principal dificuldade reside na correlação desta abordagem com uma nova interpretação de poética. Hoje é inadmissível aceitar acriticamente a herança científica de Bakhtin, já que o próprio pesquisador mais tarde admitiu a impossibidade de escrever livremente “sobre as questões principais”. É preciso restaurar na poética aquelas figuras reticentes que Bakhtin não pode expressar na sua época

Is there a Term Structure in Land Lease Rates?

This paper applies the concept of a term structure to agricultural land rental prices. Based on theoretical considerations, we develop a hedonic pricing model that allows for different shapes of the term structure curve while controlling for other price-relevant characteristics. We apply this model to land lease contracts in Saxony-Anhalt concluded between 2002 and 2010. We find an upward-sloping term structure at the beginning, that is, market participants expected increasing rental prices. For the subsequent years, however, we detect a singlehumped term structure. Hence, market participants revised their expectations and assumed a decline of land rental prices in the long-term

Designing of innovative mining equipment for safe and successful work in mines

The article analyses contemporary problems of economic development in Russia. An innovative approach to designing of industrial products based on the assessment of their performance and economic characteristics makes it possible to develop, manufacture and operate products with an optimal quality-toprice ratio, which is a priority for the well-being of the country, oriented to import substitution. The authors define some ways to improve competitive abilities of mining equipment manufactured in Russia and estimate the prospects of economic development in short-term by the example of Kemerovo region and LLC "Yurginsky Machine Engineering Plant"

On Identity in Architecture and Urban Planning

Globalization, generating unification, makes uslook for inherent territorial allusions as the embodiment of the place spirit. Techniques that have already become templates again level the images of modernity and move masters and beginners in their search for their own "faces" to turn to the deep roots of regional architecture. The problem of identity in architecture can be interpreted as a search for opportunities and mechanisms, a palette of means conducive to the possession of identity. There is something that serves as a symbol of identity and is inherited preserved as an image of constancy. Essentially, relative integrity of the existing variety of buildings is the subject of the identity of a particular city or settlement. Architecture can be metaphorically identified as the identity of the region. The individuality of building combinations with nature ensures the identity of the city. There are three basiclevels in the analysis of architecture as an identity or resource: region - city, rural settlement - object. The object is a "tactile" visually perceived formation: a quarter, a residential group, a street, a building. "The identity expresses that 'stable', which provides the embodiment of the 'principle of sustainability'". Architecture bears the responsibility for the full embodiment in its images, forms and spaces of the essential identity, which characterizes both the space of culture and the landscape- climatic conditions of the area. These fundamental properties determine the sustainability of development in the principles of the visual design of the world. At the end of the XX and the beginning of the XXI century, the two vectors coexist in relation to the traditional and previously created forms of settlements in architecture: the vector of recognition of architectural and cultural value and the vector of denial of archaism and conservatism. The architect determines the design and function of a space or building. And here is the exceptional role of each master's professional and general culture. The new ways of synthesizing the means of expressiveness and figurativeness of the urban environment are being actively considered as methods of revealing identity. Currently, the main approaches to the formation of uniqueness of buildings, streets, neighborhoods, squares and cities are mainly reduced to external actions in relation to architecture, a kind of artistic and design actions: landscaping, installing commemorative signs, decorative sculpture, monuments,landscape compositions

Perfectly conducting incompressible fluid model of a wire array implosion

An incompressible perfectly conducting magnetohydrodynamic model is applied to describe a multiwire array implosion on the (r,θ)(r,θ) plane using the theory of analytic functions. The plasma columns emerging from the electrical explosion of individual wires move and change the shape of their cross section in the magnetic field produced by the currents flowing on the surfaces of the columns and closing through a cylindrical return current can. Geometry of both the “global” and “private” magnetic fields and self-consistent distributions of the electric currents on the conducting surfaces are determined for any wire array configuration including nested wire arrays, wires close to the return current can, etc. The coupled equations of motion and magnetostatics for an essentially two-dimensional problem are reduced to one-dimensional parametric governing equations, written for the boundary of the fluid contours. The implosion dynamics is shown to be driven by a competition between the implosion pressure, making the array converge to the axis as a set of individual plasma columns, and the tidal pressure that makes the wires merge, forming an annular conducting shell. Their relative roles are determined by the gap-to-diameter ratio πRc(t)/NRw(t).πRc(t)/NRw(t). If this ratio is large at early time, then the array implodes as a set of individual plasma columns. Otherwise, when the ratio is about π or less, the tidal forces prevail, and the plasma columns tend to form a shell-like configuration before they start converging to the axis of the array. The model does not allow the precursor plasma streams to be ejected from the wires to the axis, indicating that this process is governed by the finite plasma conductivity and could only be described with a proper conductivity model. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70839/2/PHPAEN-9-4-1366-1.pd

Современная архитектура в России: опыт тридцатилетия

Тридцатилетний период новейшей истории российской архитектуры постепенно обретает черты этапности. Радикальные перемены в России в 90-е годы XX века с появлением частной собственности и переходом к индивидуальному проектированию отмечены возникновением целого веера направлений в архитектурном творчестве. Преобладающим было обращение к историческим стилям на принципах постмодернизма. В 2000-е годы создаётся новая ситуация, обусловлен-ная рядом новых факторов и задач. Ведущими становятся направления, появившиеся ситуативно в начале 1990-х годов и опирающиеся на принципы новаторских направлений: хай-тека, минимализма, неомодернизма, попыток актуализации авангардных течений. В 2010-е годы именно они воплощают социально-экономический заказ и наполняются инженерно-технологическими новациями, обусловленными обращением к стратегии устойчивого развития. Условность деления на этапы объясняется многообразием и архитектурных поисков, и параллельно идущих социально-экономических процессов, и инженерно-технического прогресса

Три века МАРХИ: исторические образы московской архитектурной школы

В статье рассмотрены основные исторические этапы сложения феномена Московской архитектурной школы как трёхвекового наследия единства творческой практики, науки и образования, концентрированно представленного в деятельности нынешнего МАРХИ. Особо выделены мировые достижения школы каждого временного этапа как порождённые влиянием практики, так и оказавшие воздействие на её развитие