Considering Famine in the Late Nineteenth Century Ottoman Empire : A Comparative Framework and Overview

This article analyzes the Ottoman famines of the 1870s – that killed tens of thousands of people in Anatolia due to starvation and disease – from a global comparative perspective. It focuses on two famines in particular that struck the central and eastern provinces of the empire in 1873-75 and 1879-1881 (just following the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877-78), respectively. They were triggered by climatic causes, yet their devastating effects were also a product of the global and domestic economic and political environment of the decade. Local, imperial and global man-made reasons exacerbated the severe impacts of nature and climate. The article addresses these famines as significant traumatic disasters, the memories of which were overshadowed by later catastrophic events in Ottoman history and historiography, and which have been almost invisible in European and global famine historiography of the nineteenth century. It summarizes the political-economic environment of the decade, attempts to investigate Ottoman famines in a global historical context and outline a comparative research agenda for an Ottoman history of famine and empire in the late nineteenth century

Sick Men of Asia Minor in an Ailing Empire: Famine, villagers and government in missionary accounts (1873-75)

Between 1873-75, a severe famine struck a wide region in central Anatolia, killing at least 150,000 people. During the disaster, the American Protestant missionaries, already settled in Anatolia since the early decades of the nineteenth century, created effective networks of charity and saved many lives distributing relief and feeding thousands of peasants and townsmen

Eating the Last Seed : famine, empire, survival and order in Ottoman Anatolia in the late 19th century

Defence date: 25 September 2012Examining Board: Professor Anthony Molho (EUI); Professor Stephen Anthony Smith (EUI); Professor Cengiz Kirli (Bogazici University); Professor Engin Deniz Akarli (Sehir University).This dissertation explores the social and cultural history of two Anatolian famines in the late-Ottoman Empire, situating them in the economic and political environment of the 1870s. It focuses on the central Anatolian famine of 1873/75 and the eastern Anatolian famine of 1879/81. It investigates how and why these disasters emerged, and how the local, imperial and foreign actors in Ottoman lands experienced and perceived them. It argues that particular socio-economic and political environments transformed droughts and natural events into severe disasters. It is at the crossroads of social, cultural and environmental history, but focuses more on relationships between people than relations between people and nature. Thus, despite the fact that it draws on environmental historical sources and findings in several instances, it mainly contributes to the social and cultural history and narratives of Ottoman Anatolia. It asks the following questions: 1) How did the famines impact the everyday lives of various communities in central and eastern Anatolia? 2) How were the famines perceived by imperial, local and foreign actors? 3) In what ways did these disasters threaten the internal and external legitimacy of the Ottoman state? 4) How did the famines create the conditions for the emergence of social clashes, and also for the development of solidarities within and between different communities? It demonstrates that famine led to simultaneous cases of violence and solidarity. Economic problems crosscut religious-ethnic tensions and socio-economic problems and ordinary political complaints, when merged with famine, were expressed as communal tensions as well as solidarities. Famine was not the sole reason for this however, it became one of the most significant triggers of social, political, ethnic and religious unrest in the following decades in a region already exhausted by war-time requisitons, plundering, violence and poverty

Comparison of Tooth Brushing Habits and Oral Care Motivation Resources of Dental Assistant and Dental Students

Comparison of Tooth Brushing Habits and Oral Care MotivationResources of Dental Assistant and Dental StudentsDental assistants, are member of the dental care. Along with dentists, they play an important role in the dental clinics. Therefore,the aim of this study is to investigate oral hygiene habits, tooth brushing motivation factors of a group of oraland dental assistant(DA) and dental (D) students.This student-based cross-sectional study was carried out by conducting a self administeredquestionnaire of a total of 142 students, 68 of whom were dental assistant and 74 of them were dental students. In this self-reportquestionnaire, the demography, duration and frequency of oral hygiene habits, motivating factor in brushing teeth wereinvestigated. Dental students brushed twice a day but the vast majority (94%) of dental assistant students brushed at least once aday. Among those 76.1% them reported they brushed at least 2. While there was a statistically significant difference in brushingrate between D and DA students (p &lt;0.0001), no statistically significant difference was found by gender and grade level. Theregular interdental aid usage rate is quite low among both D (14.9%) and DA (5.9%) students. 83.1% of the students reported thatthey brushed their teeth for at least 2 minutes. No significant difference was found in brushing time according to gender or gradelevel (p&gt;0.05). Among the participants, “fear of losing teeth” was the most marked among the brushing motivation factors. Oralhygiene habits can be improved by considering the motivational factors in brushing teeth. In addition,DA and D students are thought to carry their attitudes and knowledge to their patients in the field. Thereforeit is important to identify the deficiencies and enhance oral and dental health habits</p

İkinci Ulusal Mimarlık Akımı etkisinde Türkiye ve Büyük Ankara Oteli tarihçesi

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2017.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Demirakın, Nahide Işık