4 research outputs found
Treatment of intra-oral halitosis
Intra
-oral halitosis (bad breath)
is reported to affect 15
-83 % of the
adult population. Having intra-
oral halitosis is a social and psycho-
logical handicap, and may cause people in the
person’s social circle
to increase the physical distance or to turn their faces in another di-
rection to avoid the unpleasant smell from the exhaled air. Such be-
haviours may affect the individual’s self
-confidence resulting in ins
e-
curity in social and inti
mate relations.
The oral health
-related quality
of life status has also been reported to be lower in individuals with
halitosis. Approximately 90% of what is considered as bad breath is
the result of the degradation of organic substrates (proteins) by an-
aerobic bacteria of the oral cavity. Intra
-oral halitosis can be as-
sessed using both subjective and objective methods to evaluate the
subject’s exhaled air. The most common one and the one often r
e-
ferred to as the ”
gold standard”, is the organoleptic scoring
system
(OLS). OLS is a subjective method evaluating the strength of halit
o-
sis in exhaled air using a scale from 0-
5.
One
objective method to
assess the presence of volatile sulphur compounds in exhaled air is to
use a sulphide monitor measuring the total sum of the volatile sul-
phur compounds (T
-VSC) in exhaled air. The three gases (hydrogen
sulphide (H
2
S), methyl mercaptan (MM) and dimethyl sulphide
(DMS)) in exhaled air related to intra-
oral halitosis can be assessed separately using a simplified gas chromatograph.
Different treatment
models such as periodontal treatment, tongue scraping and rinsing
with Zn ion containing products have been used to reduce intra
-oral
halitosis. The present thesis has evaluated the efficacy of different
treatment models in t
he treatment of intra
-oral halitosis
Comparison of different treatment modalities for oral halitosis
To assess the effects on intra-oral halitosis by a mouth rinse containing zinc acetate (0.3%) and chlorhexidine diacetate (0.025%) with and without adjunct tongue scraping
The short-term treatment effects on the microbiota at the dorsum of the tongue in intra-oral halitosis patients-a randomized clinical trial
<p>This study aims to assess the effects of rinsing with zinc- and chlorhexidine-containing mouth rinse with or without adjunct tongue scraping on volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in breath air, and the microbiota at the dorsum of the tongue.</p><p>A randomized single-masked controlled clinical trial with a cross-over study design over 14 days including 21 subjects was performed. Bacterial samples from the dorsum of the tongue were assayed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization.</p><p>No halitosis (identified by VSC assessments) at day 14 was identified in 12/21 subjects with active rinse alone, in 10/21with adjunct use of tongue scraper, in 1/21 for negative control rinse alone, and in 3/21 in the control and tongue scraping sequence. At day 14, significantly lower counts were identified only in the active rinse sequence (p <0.001) for 15/78 species including, Fusobacterium sp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Tannerella forsythia. A decrease in bacteria from baseline to day 14 was found in successfully treated subjects for 9/74 species including: P. gingivalis, Prevotella melaninogenica, S. aureus, and Treponema denticola. Baseline VSC scores were correlated with several bacterial species. The use of a tongue scraper combined with active rinse did not change the levels of VSC compared to rinsing alone.</p><p>VSC scores were not associated with bacterial counts in samples taken from the dorsum of the tongue. The active rinse alone containing zinc and chlorhexidine had effects on intra-oral halitosis and reduced bacterial counts of species associated with malodor. Tongue scraping provided no beneficial effects on the microbiota studied.</p><p>Periodontally healthy subjects with intra-oral halitosis benefit from daily rinsing with zinc- and chlorhexidine-containing mouth rinse.</p>