Status and prospects of feed crops in southeast Asia: an integrated report

This working paper has been compiled using information gathered by individual country studies complemented with other relevant information to provide a regional perspective on current issues and prospects. The studies also highlight the potential of co-operation in trade among members of ASEAN/AFTA through bilateral agreements. Some common strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats related to the development of feed crops have been identified. However, each country has its own uniqueness in pursuing efforts to capitalize on the challenges faced in the development of feed crops.Crop Production/Industries,

SKEMA AKAR KUADRAT DALAM UNSCENTED KALMAN FILTER UNTUK MENDETEKSI KERAK PADA ALAT PENUKAR PANAS

Filter Kalman adalah suatu algoritma yang digunakan untuk mengestimasi variabel keadaan pada sistem linier. Sedangkan untuk sistem taklinier Filter Kalman tidak dapat digunakan secara langsung. Untuk beberapa tahun kemudian muncul metode baru yang dikenal dengan nama Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) yang menggunakan teknik transformasi unscented. Akar Kuadrat merupakan suatu skema yang dapat diterapkan dalam UKF untuk mengestimasi suatu model dinamik taklinear. Dalam makalah ini dilakukan suatu kajian mengenai skema Akar Kuadrat yang diterapkan pada Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) sehingga terbentuk suatu algoritma baru yang dinamakan dengan Akar Kuadrat-Unscented Kalman Filter (AK-UKF). Dan kemudian algoritma ini diimplementasikan pada model sistem deteksi kerak pada alat penukar panas

Economic and Social Aspects of Palm Oil IndustryL Indonesia\u27s Palm Oil Trade in the Context of Economic Liberalization

This paper aims to assess the palm oil trade in the world market, factors affecting Indonesia\u27s palm oil industry and trade, and how it can contribute to and benefit the sustainable agriculture development. Palm oil and palm kernel oil make up a third of total world production of oils and fats. During the last decade, the stock-production-import-export of palm oil in the world trade has increased to more than double in volumes and values. Other than being main producers, Indonesia and Malaysia are the two major exporters of palm oil in the world market with total shares of more than 80 percent of the total world export. Coupled with increasing demand for cooking oils, growing demand for palm oil derivatives-products has created a new challenge and opportunity for Indonesia to increase its competitiveness in the world market. Indonesia has and could continue to seize the opportunity to meet the increasing world market demand provided it can increase the ability to translate the new world market demand and adjust it to its domestic production facilities. The Indonesian policies of palm oil development must be directed, implemented and enforced with the focus to the downstream industries. The world concern of environmental degradation has triggered an RSPO forum and Indonesia responded through the ISPO to support the sustainable development. As the main producer, it is only fitting if Indonesia becomes and sets a price reference for sustainable palm oil traded in the world market

Penawaran Beras Indonesia: Suatu Analisa Kontribusi Peubah Penentu Produksi Beras Indonesia

IndonesianBeras merupakan komoditi pangan utama di Indonesia. Konsekuensinya Pemerintah harus tanggap terhadap parameter yang berhubungan dengan penawaran beras. Penelitian ini menduga fungsi komponen luas panen dan produksi per hektar lahan sawah dan ladang di semua propinsi Indonesia kecuali Timor-Timur. Alat analisa yang digunakan adalah persamaan regresi logaritma dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa penggunaan varietas unggul dan harga pupuk nyata mempengaruhi areal panen, dengan elastisitas masing-masing 1.0015 dan -0.8720 (sawah) dan 0.9005 dan -1.006 (ladang). Penggunaan pupuk, varietas unggul dan harga padi nyata mempengaruhi produksi per hektar. Elastisitas masing-masing antara 0.125 sampai -0.384; 0.604 sampai -0.263 dan 0.639 sampai -0.917 untuk lahan sawah dan ladang

Market Dependency and Household Food Consumption in East Java, Indonesia

IndonesianTujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat perbedaan diantara konsumen di daerah pedesaan dan perkotaan dalam mengkonsumsi bahan makanan utama, dan terutama menelusuri seberapa jauh konsumsi di masing-masing lokasi (desa dan kota) tergantung pada uang tunai dan pasar (cash or market dependency) untuk pemenuhan konsumsi bahan makanan tersebut. Data dianalisis dari SUSENAS 1993, BPS, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketergantungan akan uang tunai dan pasar berhubungan erat dengan jumlah konsumsi bahan makanan yang akan dibeli. Terdapat perbedaan nyata antara konsumen di daerah pedesaan dan perkotaaan, dimana konsumen di pedesaan memiliki angka ketergantungan uang tunai dan pasar yang lebih rendah daripada konsumen di perkotaan. Asumsi lama dan klasik yang menyatakan bahwa penduduk di pedesaan kebanyakan adalah petani subsisten (yang dapat memproduksi untuk dikonsumsi sendiri) sudah tidak berlaku lagi. Walaupun demikian masih didapati bahwa seringkali rumahtangga di pedesaan menjual bahan makanan berkualitas lebih baik yang diproduksinya, sehingga uang hasil penjualan tersebut dapat digunakan untuk membeli kualitas yang lebih rendah, yang berarti memaksimumkan konsumsi dari segi kuantitas. Hasil penelitian ini menyiratkan pentingnya pengambil keputusan menyadari perbedaan antara penduduk desa dan kota tersebut. Studi semacam ini apabila ditunjang oleh studi perilaku marketed dan marketable surplus dapat membantu pembuat kebijaksanaan di bidang pengadaan dan distribusi pangan. Studi ini juga membantu memperjelas adanya perilaku ketergantungan pada uang tunai dan pasar yang berbeda pada rumahtangga di daerah desa dan perkotaan.EnglishThe general purpose of this study was to examine the differences between rural and urban consumers in how they acquire the food they consume and, in particular, to determine how much consumers in each location depend on cash for procuring the food they consume. The quantity of food purchased was modeled as a function of cash dependency, household income, household size and prices. Data were taken from the 1993 Survey Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) in East Java, conducted by the Biro Pusat Statistik - BPS (Central Bureau of statistics), Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the cash dependency for all food categories examined was significantly related to the quantities purchased of the foods (cereals, tubers, vegetables, fruits). Significant differences in cash dependency were also found between rural and urban consumers, with rural consumers having lower food cash dependency ratios than urban consumers. Perhaps the most surprising discovery was that the vast majority of rural consumers also depend on cash for acquiring food. The old assumption that mostly people in the rural areas in Indonesia are subsistence farmers (consume what they own produce) is no longer hold. The data from the survey shows that there are less and less subsistence farming exists in the area (East Java). The maintenance of subsistence farming may, indeed, be of strategic importance for the satisfaction of basic needs and the survival of rural households. When production from own sources is inadequate to meet the consumption needs, the households concerned may sell superior food (i.e., superior cereals or superior varieties) they produce, so as to maximize their purchasing power with which they can purchase inferior cereals and meet their own needs - thus maximizing their consumption at least in quantity. This study stresses the importance of using household consumption data in the making of public policy (food policy). They are important in that the implementation of policy will affect large number of people. lt even will affect rural and urban consumers differently. This study combined with a study of behavior of marketed and marketable surplus can be significant help in designing a system of procurement and public distribution. This study also can help in understanding the behavior of purchase of food by farmers in different areas

PENGUATAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER BERBASIS PANCASILA UNTUK MEMBENTUK MAHASISWA PRODI PPKN MENJADI WARGA NEGARA YANG BAIK DAN CERDAS

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan penguatan pendidikan karakter berbasis Pancasila untuk membentuk mahasiswa Prodi PPKn IKIP PGRI Pontianak menjadi warga negara yang baik dan cerdas. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Alat pengumpulan data adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Proses analisis data dengan mereduksi, menyajikan, dan menyimpulkan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter Pancasila yang dimiliki oleh mahasiswa Prodi PPKn IKIP PGRI Pontianak agar menjadi warga negara yang baik dan cerdas. Karakter yang sesuai dan ditunjukkan sikap yang berkaitan dengan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam Pancasila, yaitu nilai karakter yang religius, peduli sosial, kemandirian, semangat kebangsaan, demokratis, toleransi, dan disiplin. Program enguatan Pendidikan Karakter Berbasis Pancasila dalam Proses Pendidikan dilakukan dengan pengembangan pendidikan karakter melalui kegiatan belajar mengajar dan kegiatan-kegiatan pengembangan pendidikan karakter melalui kegiatan rutin dan kegiatan diluar aktivitas kampus.Kata Kunci: penguatan, pendidikan karakter, Pancasila, warga negara yang baik dan cerdas.

PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA DENGAN MEDIA GAMBAR SERI DI KELAS II SDN 03 SIMPANG KECAMATAN KOTO XI TARUSAN KAB. PESISIR SELATAN

ABSTRACT This study aims to describe the improvement of speaking skills through a series of media images in class II SDN 03 Simpang Kec. Koto XI Tarusan Kab. South Coast. The opinions used as reference are Nurhadi (1995) and Wina Sanjaya (2006) for speaking skills, series drawing media by Sudirman (2003) and Arsyad (2006), argued Arikunto (2010) to analyze data. This type of research is classroom action research (CAR). Research subjects were 15 students. The study was conducted in 2 cycles and each cycle consisted of 2 meetings. The results of the study found an increase in students' speaking skills in the first cycle of 51.1 and in the second cycle increased by 75.6 percent in completeness of student learning outcomes in the first cycle 46.66% and in the second cycle 80%. Thus, the use of serial image media can improve students' speaking skills. Therefore, it is recommended for teachers to be able to use the serial drawing media in Indonesian language learning in elementary school. Keywords: Speech Absence, Indonesian Language Medi