13 research outputs found

    North Atlantic Midlatitude Surface-Circulation Changes Through the Plio-Pleistocene Intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation

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    The North Atlantic Current (NAC) transports warm salty water to high northern latitudes, with important repercussions for ocean circulation and global climate. A southward displacement of the NAC and Subarctic Front, which separate subpolar and subtropical water masses, is widely suggested for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and may have acted as a positive feedback in glacial expansion at this time. However, the role of the NAC during the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG) at ~3.5 to 2.5 Ma is less clear. Here we present new records from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1313 (41°N) spanning ~2.8–2.4 Ma to trace the influence of Subarctic Front waters above this mid‐latitude site. We reconstruct surface and permanent pycnocline temperatures and seawater ÎŽ18O using paired Mg/Ca‐ή18O measurements on the planktic foraminifers Globigerinoides ruber and Globorotalia crassaformis and determine abundances of the subpolar foraminifer Neogloboquadrina atlantica. We find that the first significant glacial incursions of Subarctic Front surface waters above Site U1313 did not occur until ~2.6 Ma. At no time during our study interval was (sub)surface reorganization in the midlatitude North Atlantic analogous to the LGM. Our findings suggest that LGM‐like processes sensu stricto cannot be invoked to explain interglacial‐glacial cycle amplification during iNHG. They also imply that increased glacial productivity at Site U1313 during iNHG was not only driven by southward deflections of the Subarctic Front. We suggest that nutrient injection from cold‐core eddies and enhanced glacial dust delivery may have played additional roles in increasing export productivity in the midlatitude North Atlantic from 2.7 Ma.t. Funding for this research was provided by IODP France (C. T. B.) and the German Research Foundation (DFG) (grant OF 2544/2 to O. F.). I. B. is grateful to the UK IODP for financial support for shipboard and post-cruise participation in IODP Exp. 306. C. T. B., K. T., T. D. G., L. V., C. S., and M. E. acknowledge OSU PythĂ©as. M. M. R. acknowledges support by the USGS Land Change Science Program

    Be-10 exposure dating of the timing of Neoglacial glacier advances in the Ecrins-Pelvoux massif, southern French Alps

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    International audienceAlpine glacier variations are known to be reliable proxies of Holocene climate. Here, we present a terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN)-based glacier chronology relying on 24 new Be-10 exposure ages, which constrain maximum Neoglacial positions of four small to mid-sized glaciers (Rateau, Lautaret, Bonnepierre and Etages) in the Ecrins-Pelvoux massif, southern French Alps. Glacier advances, marked by (mainly lateral) moraine ridges that are located slightly outboard of the Little Ice Age (LIA, c. 1250-1860 AD) maximum positions, were dated to 4.25 +/- 0.44 ka, 3.66 +/- 0.09 ka, 2.09 +/- 0.10 ka, c. 1.31 +/- 0.17 ka and to 0.92 +/- 0.02 ka. The `4.2 ka advance, albeit constrained by rather scattered dates, is to our knowledge exposure-dated here for the first time in the Alps. It is considered as one of the first major Neoglacial advance in the western Alps, in agreement with other regional paleoclimatological proxies. We further review Alpine and Northern Hemisphere mid-to-high latitude evidence for climate change and glacier activity concomitant with the `4.2 ka event. The `2.1 ka advance was not extensively dated in the Alps and is thought to represent a prominent advance in early Roman times. Other Neoglacial advances dated here match the timing of previously described Alpine Neoglacial events. Our results also suggest that a Neoglacial maximum occurred at Etages Glacier 0.9 ka ago, i.e. during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, c. 850-1250 AD). At Rateau Glacier, discordant results are thought to reflect exhumation and snow cover of the shortest moraine boulders. Overall, this study highlights the need to combine several sites to develop robust Neoglacial glacier chronologies in order to take into account the variability in moraine deposition pattern and landform obliteration and conservation

    North Atlantic mid-latitude surface-circulation changes through the Plio-Pleistocene intensification of northern hemisphere glaciation

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    International audienceThe North Atlantic Current (NAC) transports warm salty water to high northern latitudes, with important repercussions for ocean circulation and global climate. A southward displacement of the NAC and Subarctic Front, which separate subpolar and subtropical water masses, is widely suggested for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and may have acted as a positive feedback in glacial expansion at this time. However, the role of the NAC during the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG) at ~3.5 to 2.5 Ma is less clear. Here we present new records from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1313 (41°N) spanning ~2.8-2.4 Ma to trace the influence of Subarctic Front waters above this mid-latitude site. We reconstruct surface and permanent pycnocline temperatures and seawater Ύ 18 O using paired Mg/Ca-Ύ 18 O measurements on the planktic foraminifers Globigerinoides ruber and Globorotalia crassaformis and determine abundances of the subpolar foraminifer Neogloboquadrina atlantica. We find that the first significant glacial incursions of Subarctic Front surface waters above Site U1313 did not occur until ~2.6 Ma. At no time during our study interval was (sub)surface reorganization in the midlatitude North Atlantic analogous to the LGM. Our findings suggest that LGM-like processes sensu stricto cannot be invoked to explain interglacial-glacial cycle amplification during iNHG. They also imply that increased glacial productivity at Site U1313 during iNHG was not only driven by southward deflections of the Subarctic Front. We suggest that nutrient injection from cold-core eddies and enhanced glacial dust delivery may have played additional roles in increasing export productivity in the midlatitude North Atlantic from 2.7 Ma

    Le 14C cosmogĂ©nique produit in situ : un outil Ă©mergeant pour Ă©tudier les phases de retrait des glaciers alpins au cours de l’holocĂšne

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    International audienceCouplĂ© au 10Be cosmogĂ©niques in situ, le 14C produit au sein de quartz (14C in situ) offre du fait de sa courte demi-vie (5.7 ka) l’opportunitĂ© unique de dĂ©terminer des historiques d’exposition, simples ou complexes (incluant l’enfouissement et l’érosion), Ă  des Ă©chelles temporelles jusqu’à ~20 ka. Cette Ă©chelle de temps est particuliĂšrement importante dans le contexte des variations palĂ©oclimatiques caractĂ©ristiques de l’interglaciaire actuel, « l’HolocĂšne », qui a commencĂ© il y a ~12 ka. NĂ©anmoins, la mesure en routine de la concentration du 14C in situ est actuellement maitrisĂ©e par peu de laboratoires dans le monde, le principal dĂ©fi consistant Ă  extraire du quartz les quantitĂ©s infimes du 14C in situ tout en les sĂ©parant du radiocarbone atmosphĂ©rique. Au CEREGE, la premiĂšre ligne d’extraction 14C in situ en France est actuellement en train d’ĂȘtre mise au point quant Ă  son niveau de blanc et de la reproductibilitĂ© des extractions et sera prĂ©sentĂ©e dans cette exposĂ©e. Nous allons Ă©galement prĂ©senter l’approche Ă©mergeante qui permet de dĂ©terminer les phases de retrait glaciaire au cours de l’holocĂšne, Ă  l’exemple de l’étude du Steingletscher (Alpes centrales, Suisse) (Schimmelpfennig et al., 2021). L’approche consiste Ă  coupler les mesures des deux nuclĂ©ides 14C in situ et 10Be produits dans le quartz du substrat rocheux rĂ©cemment dĂ©glacĂ©. GrĂące Ă  leurs demi-vies trĂšs diffĂ©rentes, les concentrations des deux nuclĂ©ides Ă©voluent diffĂ©remment en fonction de la durĂ©e d’exposition, la durĂ©e d’enfouissement et de l’érosion subie par la surface rocheuse sous la glace. Ces mesures combinĂ©es permettent in fine de tenir compte des effets de l’érosion sur les concentrations des deux nuclĂ©ides. AssociĂ©s Ă  la datation de moraines dans la marge glaciaires du Steingletscher (Schimmelpfennig et al., 2014), les rĂ©sultats montrent que, suite Ă  la dĂ©glaciation progressive au dĂ©but de l’holocĂšne, le glacier s’est retirĂ© vers 10 ka et a gardĂ© une extension similaire ou plus petite que celle de l’annĂ©e 2000 pendant ~7 ka. Vers 3 ka, le glacier a avancĂ© au-delĂ  de son extension maximale du Petit Âge Glaciaire (PAG, 13e-19e siĂšcle), puis jusqu’au 19e siĂšcle il est principalement restĂ© confinĂ© entre son extensions du PAG et de l’annĂ©e 2000. Ces rĂ©sultats seront comparĂ©s Ă  d’autres chronologies glaciaires existantes dans les Alpes et discutĂ©s dans le contexte de l’évolution des tempĂ©ratures de l’holocĂšne, leurs forçages et la signification en rapport avec le retrait glaciaire actuel dĂ» au rĂ©chauffement anthropique.Schimmelpfennig, I., Schaefer, J., Lamp, J., Godard, V., Schwartz, R., Bard, E., Tuna, T., Akçar, N., SchlĂŒchter, C., Zimmerman, S., ASTER Team (2021): Glacier response to Holocene warmth inferred from in situ 10Be and 14C bedrock analyses in Steingletscher’s forefield (central Swiss Alps). Clim. Past Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-110, in reviewSchimmelpfennig, I., Schaefer, J.M., Akçar, N., Koffman, T., Ivy-Ochs, S., Schwartz, R., Finkel, R.C., Zimmerman, S., SchlĂŒchter, C. (2014): A chronology of Holocene and Little Ice Age glacier culminations of the Steingletscher, Central Alps, Switzerland, based on high-sensitivity beryllium-10 moraine dating. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 393, 220-230

    Le 14C cosmogĂ©nique produit in situ : un outil Ă©mergeant pour Ă©tudier les phases de retrait des glaciers alpins au cours de l’holocĂšne

    No full text
    International audienceCouplĂ© au 10Be cosmogĂ©niques in situ, le 14C produit au sein de quartz (14C in situ) offre du fait de sa courte demi-vie (5.7 ka) l’opportunitĂ© unique de dĂ©terminer des historiques d’exposition, simples ou complexes (incluant l’enfouissement et l’érosion), Ă  des Ă©chelles temporelles jusqu’à ~20 ka. Cette Ă©chelle de temps est particuliĂšrement importante dans le contexte des variations palĂ©oclimatiques caractĂ©ristiques de l’interglaciaire actuel, « l’HolocĂšne », qui a commencĂ© il y a ~12 ka. NĂ©anmoins, la mesure en routine de la concentration du 14C in situ est actuellement maitrisĂ©e par peu de laboratoires dans le monde, le principal dĂ©fi consistant Ă  extraire du quartz les quantitĂ©s infimes du 14C in situ tout en les sĂ©parant du radiocarbone atmosphĂ©rique. Au CEREGE, la premiĂšre ligne d’extraction 14C in situ en France est actuellement en train d’ĂȘtre mise au point quant Ă  son niveau de blanc et de la reproductibilitĂ© des extractions et sera prĂ©sentĂ©e dans cette exposĂ©e. Nous allons Ă©galement prĂ©senter l’approche Ă©mergeante qui permet de dĂ©terminer les phases de retrait glaciaire au cours de l’holocĂšne, Ă  l’exemple de l’étude du Steingletscher (Alpes centrales, Suisse) (Schimmelpfennig et al., 2021). L’approche consiste Ă  coupler les mesures des deux nuclĂ©ides 14C in situ et 10Be produits dans le quartz du substrat rocheux rĂ©cemment dĂ©glacĂ©. GrĂące Ă  leurs demi-vies trĂšs diffĂ©rentes, les concentrations des deux nuclĂ©ides Ă©voluent diffĂ©remment en fonction de la durĂ©e d’exposition, la durĂ©e d’enfouissement et de l’érosion subie par la surface rocheuse sous la glace. Ces mesures combinĂ©es permettent in fine de tenir compte des effets de l’érosion sur les concentrations des deux nuclĂ©ides. AssociĂ©s Ă  la datation de moraines dans la marge glaciaires du Steingletscher (Schimmelpfennig et al., 2014), les rĂ©sultats montrent que, suite Ă  la dĂ©glaciation progressive au dĂ©but de l’holocĂšne, le glacier s’est retirĂ© vers 10 ka et a gardĂ© une extension similaire ou plus petite que celle de l’annĂ©e 2000 pendant ~7 ka. Vers 3 ka, le glacier a avancĂ© au-delĂ  de son extension maximale du Petit Âge Glaciaire (PAG, 13e-19e siĂšcle), puis jusqu’au 19e siĂšcle il est principalement restĂ© confinĂ© entre son extensions du PAG et de l’annĂ©e 2000. Ces rĂ©sultats seront comparĂ©s Ă  d’autres chronologies glaciaires existantes dans les Alpes et discutĂ©s dans le contexte de l’évolution des tempĂ©ratures de l’holocĂšne, leurs forçages et la signification en rapport avec le retrait glaciaire actuel dĂ» au rĂ©chauffement anthropique.Schimmelpfennig, I., Schaefer, J., Lamp, J., Godard, V., Schwartz, R., Bard, E., Tuna, T., Akçar, N., SchlĂŒchter, C., Zimmerman, S., ASTER Team (2021): Glacier response to Holocene warmth inferred from in situ 10Be and 14C bedrock analyses in Steingletscher’s forefield (central Swiss Alps). Clim. Past Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2021-110, in reviewSchimmelpfennig, I., Schaefer, J.M., Akçar, N., Koffman, T., Ivy-Ochs, S., Schwartz, R., Finkel, R.C., Zimmerman, S., SchlĂŒchter, C. (2014): A chronology of Holocene and Little Ice Age glacier culminations of the Steingletscher, Central Alps, Switzerland, based on high-sensitivity beryllium-10 moraine dating. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 393, 220-230

    Surface and permanent pycnocline temperatures and seawater ÎŽÂč⁞O based on paired Mg/Ca-d18O, and abundances of Neogloboquadrina atlantica from ~2.8-2.4 Ma at IODP Site U1313 in the mid-latitude North Atlantic

    No full text
    The North Atlantic Current (NAC) transports warm salty water to high northern latitudes, with important repercussions for ocean circulation and global climate. A southward displacement of the NAC and Subarctic Front, which separate subpolar and subtropical water masses, is widely suggested for the last glacial maximum (LGM) and may have acted as a positive feedback in glacial expansion at this time. However, the role of the NAC during the intensification of northern hemisphere glaciation (iNHG) ~3.5 to 2.5 Ma, is less clear. Here, we present new records from IODP Site U1313 (41°N) spanning ~2.8-2.4 Ma to trace the influence of Subarctic Front waters above this mid-latitude site. We reconstruct surface and permanent pycnocline temperatures and seawater Ύ18O using paired Mg/Ca-Ύ18O measurements on the planktic foraminifers Globigerinoides ruber and Globorotalia crassaformis, and determine abundances of the subpolar foraminifer Neogloboquadrina atlantica. We find that the first significant glacial incursions of Subarctic Front surface waters above Site U1313 did not occur until ~2.6 Ma. At no time during our study interval was (sub)surface reorganisation in the mid-latitude North Atlantic analogous to the LGM. Our findings suggest that LGM-like processes sensu stricto cannot be invoked to explain interglacial-glacial cycle amplification during iNHG. They also imply that increased glacial productivity at Site U1313 during iNHG was not only driven by southward deflections of the Subarctic Front. We suggest nutrient injection from cold-core eddies and enhanced glacial dust delivery may have played additional roles in increasing export productivity in the mid-latitude North Atlantic from 2.7 Ma
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