Estimation of Non-femtoscopic Effects in p+p and p+A Collisions at RHIC Energies using PYTHIA and HIJING Generators

The spatial extents of particle emission source in high-energy collisions can be measured using two-particle femtoscopic correlations. In collisions with small multiplicities, such as proton-proton collisions, correlation functions can be distorted by non-femtoscopic effects, for example due to the correlations that caused by energy-momentum conservation laws, jets and mini-jets. To estimate these effects, a simulation of p+p collisions at

Multiqubit Spin

It is proposed that the state space of a quantum object with a complicated discrete spectrum can be used as a basis for multiqubit recording and processing of information in a quantum computer. As an example, nuclear spin 3/2 is considered. The possibilities of writing and reading two quantum bits of information, preparation of the initial state, implementation of the "rotation" and "controlled negation" operations, which are sufficient for constructing any algorithms, are demonstrated.Comment: 7 pages, PostScript, no figures; translation of Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 70, No. 1, pp. 59-63, 10 July 1999; (Submitted 29 April 1999; resubmitted 2 June 1999

Model of methods of forming biological picture of the world of secondary school pupils

Introduction: the problem of development of a model of methods of forming the biological picture of the world of pupils as a multicomponent and integrative expression of the complete educational process is considered in the article. It is stated that the results of the study have theoretical and practical importance for effective subject preparation of senior pupils based on acquiring of systematic and generalized knowledge about wildlife. The correspondence of the main idea of the article to the scientific profile of the journal "Integration of Education" determines the choice of the periodical for publication. Materials and methods: the results of the analysis of materials on modeling of the educational process, on specific models of the formation of a complete comprehension of the scientific picture of the world and its biological component make it possible to suggest a lack of elaboration of the aspect of pedagogical research under study. Therefore, the search for methods to overcome these gaps and to substantiate a particular model, relevant for its practical application by a teacher, is important. The study was based on the use of methods of theoretical level, including the analysis of pedagogical and methodological literature, modeling and generalized expression of the model of forming the biological picture of the world of secondary school senior pupils, which were of higher priority. Results: the use of models of organization of subject preparation of secondary school pupils takes a priority position, as they help to achieve the desired results of training, education and development. The model of methods of forming a biological picture of the world is represented as a theoretical construct in the unity of objective, substantive, procedural, diagnostic and effective blocks. Discussion and conclusions: in a generalized form the article expresses the model of methods of forming the biological picture of the world of secondary school pupils and gives a teacher the opportunity to use it in practice of subject preparation of pupils.Peer reviewe

Immune System Dysregulation and Autoimmunity in Schizophrenia: IgGs from Sera of Patients with Several Catalytic Activities

Schizophrenia is usually a progressive mental illness with very different polymorphic symptoms. Several different theories of schizophrenia were discussed; the causes of this disease are not yet clear. Destruction of DNA, RNA, and myelin basic protein (MBP) by inflammation caused by autoimmune reactions has been revealed. Healthy humans usually do not develop abzymes. It was shown that DNase, RNase, and MBP-hydrolyzing abzymes are easily detectable at the beginning of different autoimmune diseases (AIDs). During the development of spontaneous and induced AIDs in mice, a specific reorganization of their immune system associated with the generation of abzymes hydrolyzing different autoantigens was revealed. SCZ is currently not assigned to classical autoimmune diseases. However, the sera of approximately 30% of SCZ patients demonstrated a high level of anti-DNA Abs (comparing to 37% of SLE patients); abzymes hydrolyzing DNA, RNA, and MBP were revealed in 80–100% of SCZ patients. The site-specific hydrolysis of four known SCZ-specific microRNA playing an important role in the regulation of several genes functioning was revealed. Anti-MBP IgGs hydrolyze specifically only MBP but not other proteins. The data indicate that SCZ patients may to a certain extent show similar to SLE and MS patients’ typical signs of autoimmune processes

Vacuum energy and spectral function sum rules

We reformulate the problem of the cancellation of the ultraviolet divergencies of the vacuum energy, particularly important at the cosmological level, in terms of a saturation of spectral function sum rules which leads to a set of conditions on the spectrum of the fundamental theory. We specialize the approach to both Minkowski and de Sitter space-times and investigate some examples.Comment: 11 pages, revtex4, no figures, version to be published on PR