The genetic prehistory of the Greater Caucasus

5月16日，厦门大学人类学系、德国马普所、德国考古所、俄罗斯文化遗产联合会、奥地利维也纳大学人类学系、爱尔兰都柏林大学学院考古系、罗蒙诺索夫莫斯科国立大学考古系和人类学博物馆、俄罗斯国立东方艺术博物馆、俄罗斯联邦达吉斯坦考古与民族志研究所历史系、美国韦尔斯利学院人类学系、瑞士巴塞尔大学史前与考古科学研究所、德国国家遗产博物馆等36家单位的46位共同作者组成的国际合作团队在BioRxiv上预发表论文《The genetic prehistory of the Greater Caucasus》，厦门大学人类学系王传超研究员为论文的第一作者和通讯作者，也是该国际团队中的唯一一位来自中国的合作者。【Abstract】Archaeogenetic studies have described the formation of Eurasian 'steppe ancestry' as a mixture of Eastern and Caucasus hunter-gatherers. However, it remains unclear when and where this ancestry arose and whether it was related to a horizon of cultural innovations in the 4th millennium BCE that subsequently facilitated the advance of pastoral societies likely linked to the dispersal of Indo-European languages. To address this, we generated genome-wide SNP data from 45 prehistoric individuals along a 3000-year temporal transect in the North Caucasus. We observe a genetic separation between the groups of the Caucasus and those of the adjacent steppe. The Caucasus groups are genetically similar to contemporaneous populations south of it, suggesting that - unlike today - the Caucasus acted as a bridge rather than an insurmountable barrier to human movement. The steppe groups from Yamnaya and subsequent pastoralist cultures show evidence for previously undetected Anatolian farmer-related ancestry from different contact zones, while Steppe Maykop individuals harbour additional Upper Palaeolithic Siberian and Native American related ancestry.This work was funded by the Max Planck Society and the German Archaeological Institute (DAI). C.C.W. was funded by Nanqiang Outstanding Young Talents Program of Xiamen University (X2123302) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. 该研究由德国马普学会、德国考古所、厦门大学南强青年拔尖人才支持计划资助

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Ancient human genome-wide data from a 3000-year interval in the Caucasus corresponds with eco-geographic regions

Archaeogenetic studies have described the formation of Eurasian 'steppe ancestry' as a mixture of Eastern and Caucasus hunter-gatherers. However, it remains unclear when and where this ancestry arose and whether it was related to a horizon of cultural innovations in the 4 th millennium BCE that subsequently facilitated the advance of pastoral societies in Eurasia. Here we generated genome-wide SNP data from 45 prehistoric individuals along a 3000-year temporal transect in the North Caucasus. We observe a genetic separation between the groups of the Caucasus and those of the adjacent steppe. The northern Caucasus groups are genetically similar to contemporaneous populations south of it, suggesting human movement across the mountain range during the Bronze Age. The steppe groups from Yamnaya and subsequent pastoralist cultures show evidence for previously undetected farmer-related ancestry from different contact zones, while Steppe Maykop individuals harbour additional Upper Palaeolithic Siberian and Native American related ancestry

Intelligent Weight Machines with Load Adjustment Based on Servo Drive (Project Under Development)

Цель исследования – создание тренажера «нового поколения», функционал которого направлен на получение объективной информации (цифрового контроля) о выполняемой нагрузке, реакциях сердечно-сосудистой системы и опорно-двигательного аппарата во время физических упражнений. Был проведен патентный поиск, анализ публикаций, маркетинговые исследования и три научно-исследовательские опытно-конструкторские работы. Были сформированы технические требования к «интеллектуальным» силовым тренажерам. На базе тренажера «Гравитрон» созданы два прототипа, в которых грузоблочная система заменена на систему, состоящую из сервопривода и компонентов системы управления. Для контроля биомеханики движения был разработан прототип стабилометрической платформы, интегрированной в сиденье тренажера. Реализована функция биологической обратной связи, осуществляемая при помощи вывода на экран данных о положении центра давления в исходном положении и во время выполнения упражнений. Был создан прототип системы ЭКГ-мониторинга в I стандартном отведении, представляющий собой программно-аппаратный комплекс, встроенный в гриф силового тренажера. Первичные результаты свидетельствуют о технической возможности создания нового класса тренажерных устройств, обладающих функцией биологической обратной связи и функцией постоянного мониторинга состояния пользователя. Объединение нескольких интеллектуальных тренажеров в экосистему тренажерного зала позволит разработать принципиально новые подходы к тренировочному процессуThe study aims to create a new generation weight machine for obtaining objective information (digital control) about the performed load and the response of the cardiovascular system and the musculoskeletal system during exercise. Patent search, publication analysis, marketing research, and three research and development activities were carried out. Technical requirements for intelligent weight machines were formulated. Based on the Gravitron training machine, 2 prototypes were created, where traditional weight stacks were replaced by a system consisting of a servo drive and control system components. To control the biomechanics of movement, a prototype consisting of a force platform integrated into the seat of the weight machine was developed. Biofeedback is implemented by displaying data on the center of pressure in the initial position and during exercise. A prototype of an ECG monitoring system in standard lead I was created, which is software and hardware built into the bar of a weight machine. The primary results demonstrate the technical feasibility of creating a new class of training machines with biofeedback and continuous monitoring of the user’s state. Combining several intelligent machines into a single gym ecosystem will allow developing fundamentally new approaches to the training proces