Pengaruh Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Enjoyment, Perceived Usefulness, dan Satisfaction terhadap Continued IT Usage Intention: Expected-Confirmation Model (ECM)

Fundraising activities digitally for various projects are growing in Indonesia, especially after the Covid-19 Pandemic appeared. The psychographics of the Indonesian people who are friendly have made them voluntarily donate to humanitarian activities. Kitabisa.com is one of the most popular crowdfunding platforms in Indonesia for online fundraising. The study’s purpose is to determine the Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Enjoyment, Perceived Usefulness, and Satisfaction effect on Continued IT Usage Intention on the Kitabisa.com platform. 50 users of the Kitabisa.com platform were used to be a sample and taken using the saturation sampling technique or saturated sampling because of the suitability of the research characteristics. To analyze data, researchers conducted a path analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Based on the study results, Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Enjoyment significantly and directly affect satisfaction. In addition, satisfaction significantly influences the Continued IT Usage Intention. Meanwhile, only Perceived Usefulness significantly and indirectly affects the Continued IT Usage Intention through satisfaction. Furthermore, researchers also found that Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Enjoyment, Perceived Usefulness, and Satisfaction were confirmed able to meet the expectations of users through the confirmation variable

a case report

Background While most cases of polymicrobial vertebral osteomyelitis are secondary to hematogenous seeding, direct inoculation during spinal surgery and contiguous spread from adjacent soft tissue are also potential routes whereby pathogens may infect the spine. Case presentation A 74 year-old man presented with an exacerbation of back pain after a fall. His past medical history included hepatocellular and oesophageal carcinoma. Three months earlier he had undergone an endoscopic biopsy of the oesophagus for routine follow-up of his oesophagus carcinoma. He also underwent a vertebroplasty due to suspected pathologic fracture. On admission to hospital, magnetic resonance imaging revealed an infiltrative process at the level of the 5th and 6th thoracic vertebrae. Blood cultures were positive for both Streptococcus mitis and Gemella morbillorum. During his course of antibiotic therapy he developed an abscess at the level of 8th thoracic vertebrae and culture of this abscess grew Candida albicans. He was treated with antibiotics and antifungal drugs and recovered fully. Conclusion Vertebral osteomyelitis may be caused by direct spread following an oesophageal procedure. Microbiological diagnosis is essential to target the specific pathogen, especially in cases of polymicrobial infection

Polymicrobial vertebral osteomyelitis after oesophageal biopsy: a case report

BACKGROUND: While most cases of polymicrobial vertebral osteomyelitis are secondary to hematogenous seeding, direct inoculation during spinal surgery and contiguous spread from adjacent soft tissue are also potential routes whereby pathogens may infect the spine. CASE PRESENTATION: A 74 year-old man presented with an exacerbation of back pain after a fall. His past medical history included hepatocellular and oesophageal carcinoma. Three months earlier he had undergone an endoscopic biopsy of the oesophagus for routine follow-up of his oesophagus carcinoma. He also underwent a vertebroplasty due to suspected pathologic fracture. On admission to hospital, magnetic resonance imaging revealed an infiltrative process at the level of the 5th and 6th thoracic vertebrae. Blood cultures were positive for both Streptococcus mitis and Gemella morbillorum. During his course of antibiotic therapy he developed an abscess at the level of 8th thoracic vertebrae and culture of this abscess grew Candida albicans. He was treated with antibiotics and antifungal drugs and recovered fully. CONCLUSION: Vertebral osteomyelitis may be caused by direct spread following an oesophageal procedure. Microbiological diagnosis is essential to target the specific pathogen, especially in cases of polymicrobial infection

The unintended contribution of clinical microbiology laboratories to climate change and mitigation strategies:a combination of descriptive study, short survey, literature review and opinion

Objective: Climate change poses a significant threat to humanity and human activity is largely responsible for it. Clinical microbiology laboratories have their unintended shares in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The aim of this study is to estimate CO2 emission of a clinical microbiology laboratory and to propose initiatives to reduce the emissions. Methods: CO2 emission of instruments was estimated based on their electricity consumption. CO2 emitted in producing consumables was estimated by weighing the consumables needed to perform major tests in a large academic hospital. A systematic literature review was performed to identify studies on the impact of clinical microbiology laboratories on the environment. A short survey was sent to four major manufacturers of agar plates on initiatives to reduce the environmental impact of their products. Opinion was given on activities that can reduce CO2 emission in laboratories. Results: The study shows that the largest amount of CO2 emission in the microbiological laboratories comes from consumables and personnel commuting. For example, the production and transportation of agar plates needed to culture samples for a year in a hospital with 1320 beds result in 16 590 kg CO2 is emitted. All survey participants mentioned that they were committed to reduce environmental impact of their products. The initiatives to reduce CO2 emission can be performed at the laboratory and at policy level, such as reducing the number of tests to only the necessary amount to reduce consumables. Discussion: The calculations contribute to map CO2-related emissions in clinical microbiology laboratory activities, and the proposed initiatives to reduce the CO2 may serve as starting point for further discussions

Akt–the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Pathway Inhibition Increases Cervical Cancer Cell Chemosensitivity to Active Form of Irinotecan (SN-38)

Objective: To investigate the molecular pathway of the cytotoxic effect of SN-38 in human cervical cancer cell lines.Methods: Two human cervical cancer cell lines were treated with various concentrations of irinotecan for 24–72 hours and the sensitivity was analysed using the MTT assay. Apoptosis was further observed through microscopic examinations. The protein expression was determined using Western blot analysis.  Results: CaSki cells demonstrated the highest sensitivity to SN-38, whereas HeLa cells showed the lowest. In cervical cancer cells, SN-38 induced apoptosis through an intrinsic- and extrinsic-pathways. In addition, we showed that SN-38 downregulated the phosphorylation of Akt-mTOR pathways in CaSki cells, but not in HeLa cells. Interestingly, in HeLa cells, which were more suggestive of a resistant phenotype, pre-treatment with LY294002 and rapamycin inhibited activation of Akt-mTOR signaling and significantly enhanced the sensitivity of HeLa cells to SN-38. Conclusions: Irinotecan exerts its anti-neoplastic effects on cervical cancer cells by inducing apoptosis through caspase-cascade. Inhibition of Akt-mTOR, LY294002 and rapamycin, which is targeted to Akt-mTOR pathways, may sensitize irinotecan-resistant cervical cancer cells.Keywords: Akt-mTOR pathways anti-neoplastic drugs, cervix cancer cells, LY294002, rapamycin DOI: 10.15850/ijihs.v1n1.10

Association between Several Clinical and Radiological Determinants with Long-Term Clinical Progression and Good Prognosis of Lower Limb Osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors associated with clinical progression and good prognosis in patients with lower limb osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Cohort study of 145 patients with OA in either knee, hip or both. Progression was defined as 1) new joint prosthesis or 2) increase in WOMAC pain or function score during 6-years follow-up above pre-defined thresholds. Patients without progression with decrease in WOMAC pain or function score lower than pre-defined thresholds were categorized as good prognosis. Relative risks (RRs) for progression and good prognosis with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated by comparing the highest tertile or category to the lowest tertile, for baseline determinants (age, sex, BMI, WOMAC pain and function scores, pain on physical examination, total range of motion (tROM), osteophytes and joint space narrowing (JSN) scores), and for worsening in WOMAC pain and function score in 1-year. Adjustments were performed for age, sex, and BMI. RESULTS: Follow-up was completed by 117 patients (81%, median age 60 years, 84% female); 62 (53%) and 31 patients (26%) showed progression and good prognosis, respectively. These following determinants were associated with progression: pain on physical examination (RR 1.2 (1.0 to 1.5)); tROM (1.4 (1.1 to 1.6); worsening in WOMAC pain (1.9 (1.2 to 2.3)); worsening in WOMAC function (2.4 (1.7 to 2.6)); osteophytes 1.5 (1.0 to 1.8); and JSN scores (2.3 (1.5 to 2.7)). Worsening in WOMAC pain (0.1 (0.1 to 0.8)) and function score (0.1 (0.1 to 0.7)), were negatively associated with good prognosis. CONCLUSION: Worsening of self-reported pain and function in one year, limited tROM and higher osteophytes and JSN scores were associated with clinical progression. Worsening in WOMAC pain and function score in 1- year were associated with lower risk to have good prognosis. These findings help to inform patients with regard to their OA prognosis

The accuracy of four commercial broth microdilution tests in the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of colistin

Colistin is considered as one of the last-resort antibiotics and reliable antimicrobial susceptibility testing is therefore crucial. The reference standard for AST according to EUCAST and CLSI is broth microdilution (BMD). However, BMD is labor intensive to perform. Commercial antimicrobial susceptibility tests derived from BMD method are available. We investigated the performance of four different commercial tests: Sensititre™, SensiTest™ Colistin, Micronaut MIC Strip Colistin and UMIC Colistin using 70 clinical isolates (half of them was deemed by VITEK2 as resistant), including isolates from cystic fibrosis patients and mcr-1 bearing isolates. We used two reference standards: BMD and composite MIC as determined by all four tests. Sensititre™ had essential agreement (EA, defined as minimum inhibitory concentration within ± 1 dilution) of 87% and 89% compared to BMD and composite reference standard, respectively. For SensiTest™, the EA’s were 93% and 90%. For UMIC, 87% and 90%, and for Micronaut, 83% and 84%. All four tests demonstrated categorical agreement (CA) above 90%. CA for SensiTest™ and Micronaut was both 96%, UMIC 94%, and Sensititre™ 93%. All tests were reproducible as tested in two quality control isolates. In conclusion, in clinical isolates from a large referral center, the four commercial tests for determination of colistin minimum inhibitory concentrations showed acceptable performance