Fatal and serious injuries on board merchant cargo ships

Background: Merchant seafaring is one the most dangerous occupation over the world which hosts the physical, ergonomic, chemical, biological, psychological and social elements, which could lead to occupa- tional accidents, injuries and diseases. Therefore, it is a field that should be studied on meticulously and frequently. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency, circumstances, and causes of occupational accidents on board merchant cargo ships and to identify the risks factors during the daily routine works and dangerous works to be fulfilled.  Materials and methods: Data used in this study obtained various occupational accident reports issued by countries’ accident investigation units or maritime authorities such as Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB), Marine Safety Investigation Unit (MSIU) and Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB). A total of 331 reports met the inclusion criteria for the 11-year period from 2006 to 2016. Descriptive statistics were given related to data and chi-square analysis was used to test for significant association between categorical variables (seafarer’s age, accident type and etc.) and injury severity.  Results: Several findings were notable in this study. Ratings (63.5%) were the most affected group suffe- red from occupational injuries among the crew and the most critical cause of occupational accidents was found the dangerous work practices and ignorance of rules and instructions. Conclusions: Occupational accidents are still crucial concern in maritime industry which imposes a major burden on both seafarers and shipping companies. Reduction in occupational injuries could be achieved by improving the working environment and the quality of life on board, mitigating the mental and physical burden of work and developing policies to encourage the seafarers to obey safety rules and instructions.

Turkish Telemedical Assistance Service: last four years of activity

Background: Telemedical Assistance Service (TMAS) is very important for seafarers and passengers who are far from full-fledged health services. This study aimed to determine the frequency of using Turkish TMAS by seafarers and other patients and to compare the given services. Materials and methods: The data obtained from calls to Turkish TMAS in between 2014 and 2017 are composed of 5080 calls. In the study, they were examined in two groups as calls regarding seafarers and other patients. Also, the diseases or injuries related to these calls were evaluated in 22 main groups according to ICD-10 code. All of these cases were analysed by using descriptive statistics according to types of callers, type of diseases, types of given services and methods of contacts. Results: There were 5080 contacts to Turkish TMAS from January 2014 to December 2017. Contacts were 92.3% for seafarers and 7.7% for other patients. The most common reason of contacts was similar for both seafarers and other patients and it was injury and poisoning situations. While the most common service given to seafarers was giving a medicine or other treatment, the most common service given to other patients was medical evacuation. Conclusions: This study laid weight on diseases or injuries of seafarers and other patients at sea. According to this situation, TMAS can improve and maintain its service quality and also in the light of the findings, a guide for seafarers and other patients can be prepared in order to lessen such diseases and injuries

Analysis of merchant vessel accidents in Istanbul strait through decision tree method

Bu çalışmada İstanbul Boğaz bölgesi olarak İstanbul Gemi Trafik Hizmetlerinin kapsama alanına giren Türkeli, Kandilli, Kadıköy ve Marmara sektörlerinde 2001-2016 yılları arasında meydana gelen ticari gemi kazaları incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı Ana Arama Kurtarma Koordinasyon Merkezi (AAKKM) veri tabanındaki kaza kayıtlarına uygulanan filtrelemeler sonucunda 500 groston üzeri ticari yük gemilerinin karıştığı 535 adet gemi kazası analiz edilmiştir. Belirtilen sektörlerde meydana gelen ticari yük gemi kazaları Ki-kare Otomatik Etkileşim Dedektörü (CHAID) karar ağacı yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. CHAID karar ağacı yöntemi sınıflandırma ve büyük veri kümelerinden anlamlı kurallar çıkarmada en yaygın kullanılan karar ağacı algoritmalarından biridir. CHAID karar ağacı yöntemi icra edilerek ticari yük gemilerinde meydana gelen kazaların tipi (çatışma/çatma, karaya oturma ve diğer) ile gemi faktörleri (gemi tipi, gemi boyu, gemi tonajı, gemi yaşı, gemi bayrağı, gemi yüklülük durumu), zaman faktörleri (kaza zamanı ve kaza mevsimi) ve diğer faktörler (kazanın meydana geldiği sektör, kaza nedeni ve gemiye pilot alınması durumu) arasındaki ilişki incelemeye alınmıştır. Kazanın meydana geldiği sektör, gemide pilot bulunması durumu, gemi tipi ve kaza zamanı kaza tipini etkileyen en önemli girdi değişkenleri olarak bulunmuştur. Veri setine uygulanan Karar Ağacı yöntemi sonucuna göre Kadıköy sektöründe meydana gelen kazaların % 86 olasılıkla çatışma/çatma, Kandilli veyahut Marmara sektörlerinde meydana gelen kazaların % 48 olasılıkla çatışma/çatma ve Türkeli sektöründe ise kazaların % 36 olasılıkla çatışma/çatma ve diğer kaza tipleri ile sonuçlandığı görülmüştür.In this study merchant vessel accidents which occured between 2001 and 2016 in the sectors of Türkeli, Kandilli, Kadıköy, Marmara which constitutes Istanbul Strait region under Istanbul Vessel Traffic Services scope have been examined. Data was obtained from database of Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Main Search and Rescue Coordination Center, and after data cleansing process, 535 vessel accidents which involve merchant cargo vessels of above 500 grosston have been analyzed. Merchant cargo vessel accidents which were taken place in the specified sectors have been examined with CHAID (Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector) Decision Tree method. CHAID Decision Tree method is one of the most common used decision tree algorithms in extracting meaningful rules from big datasets and for classification. Through conducting CHAID Decision Tree method for merchant vessel accidents relationship between accident type (collision/contact, grounding and other) and vessel factors (vessel type, Length overall (LOA), vessel gross tonnage, vessel age, flag, loading condition), time factors (accident time, season of accident) and other factors (sector where accident occured, pilot on board or not) has been analyzed. Accident occuring sector, pilot on board/not, vessel type and accident time have been found as the most important input variables. Based on the result of the Decision Tree method applied to the data set, it was observed that the accidents occurring in the Kadıköy sector were collision / contact with 86% probability, the accidents occurring in the Kandilli or Marmara sectors were collision / contact with 48% probability and in the Türkeli sector, both collision / contact and other accident types had 36% occurring probability

Dijitalleşen Dünyada Akıllı Afet ve Acil Durum Uygulamaları

Dijitalleşen dünyada akıllı uygulamalar hızla etrafımızı sarmakta, insanlığı ileri ufuklara taşımaktadır. Bu kapsamda dünyanın varoluşundan beri süre gelen ve insanlara maddi/manevi ağır zararlar veren afet ve acil durum yönetimi konusunda da bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin kullanımı önemli faydalar sağlayacaktır. Özellikle bu konuda geliştirilebilecek akıllı afet ve acil durum uygulamalarının maddi/manevi getirisi büyük olacaktır. Akıllı afet ve acil durum uygulamaları geliştirmek için büyük veri kaynaklarına ihtiyaç vardır ve bunun kaynağı ise akıllı kentlerdir. Sağlanacak bir kurumlararası işbirliği ile akıllı kent bileşenleri ve mobil cihazlardan gelen veriler, akıllı afet ve acil durum konusunda akıllı uygulamalara dönüştürülecektir. Bu noktada çalışmanın ana teması, “dijitalleşen dünyada afet ve acil durum yönetimi nasıl akıllı hale getirilebilir? Sorusu üzerine kurulmuştur

The frequency and costs of intravitreal therapy agents in retinal diseases

Background: The aim of this study is to analyze the numbers and the economic burden of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents and intravitreal dexamethasone (IVD) implants administered to patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Material and methods: The retrospective case-control study included 1525 patients diagnosed with DME, neovascular AMD and RVO, and received intravitreal anti-VEGF and IVD between January 2016 and December 2018. Intravitreal anti-VEGF administration was performed within the framework of the Pro Re Nata (PRN) regimen. The prices of anti-VEGF agents and IVDs were calculated on the average of the prices in the relevant year. Results: The total number of intravitreal injections in 3 years was 5864. During the 3-year follow-up, on average,ranibizumab (Lucentis) was applied 3.56 ± 2.25 times, alfibercept (Eylea) was applied 3.31 ± 2.16 times, and IVD(Ozurdex) was applied 1.70 ± 0.83 times. The anti-VEGF numbers in 2016, 2017 and 2018 were 1997, 1801, 2066,respectively. In total, the 3-year drug cost was 3,587,812.44 USD. Conclusions: The economic burden of intravitreal anti-VEGF and IVD treatment for retinal diseases is so important to developing countries such as Turkey. The economic burden created by anti-VEGF agents and IVDs in Turkey will reduce in a serious sense, and the legal concerns of physicians will decrease thanks to the decision taken by the Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency (TMMDA)

Comparing the maximal aerobic speed assessed with laboratory and field tests in soccer players

Investigating the differences between field tests used in practice and laboratory tests is important for accurate performance assessment in soccer players. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the maximal aerobic speed (MAS) obtained from the VAM-EVAL and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIR1), with an incremental (1km.h-1 per min) treadmill test in soccer players. Eighteen amateur male soccer players, were evaluated with the following tests: a) a treadmill test to directly determine values of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and MAS (Treadmill); b) an indirect VAM-EVAL Test; c) an indirect YYIR1. The results demonstrated that the last speed, distance, and test duration values are significantly different among the tests . (p<0.05)]. The highest MAS value was recorded during the treadmill test (17.10 ± 1.38 km.h-1) which was significantly different from YYIR1 and VAM-EVAL tests (15.82 ± 0.66 and 14.33 ± 0.69 km.h-1, respectively; p<0.001). The analysis also showed that treadmill MAS value was significantly correlated with YYIR1 MAS (r = 0.656) and VAM-EVAL MAS values (r = 0.625), also YYIR1 MAS value was significantly correlated with VAM-EVAL MAS value (r = 0.662). It was concluded that the MAS and the VO2max values are significantly different among YYIR1, VAM-EVAL and selected treadmill protocol, and support the idea that they should not be used interchangeably. From a practical perspective, MAS seems to be more important for coaches than VO2max. Both laboratory and field tests can be useful for assessing MAS; however, field tests should be preferred for training purposes

The frequency of refractive errors required to be corrected in childhood among Turkish children

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of refractive errors needed to be correct in childhood. Material and methods: Children applied and received glasses prescriptions were recruited. Age, gender, spherical, cylindrical error, and spherical equivalent (SE) were noted. The refractive errors were classified as myopic, hyperopic and cylindrical errors according to the SE and prescriptions. Cylindrical errors were subdivided into myopic, hyperopic. Children were classified into 4 groups. Group 1, 2, 3 and 4 composed of children whose ages were between 0–5, 6–10, 11–15 and 16–18 years, respectively. Results: There were 846 children in group 1, 3931 in group 2, 5948 in group 3, 3896 in group 4, and a total of 14621 children. The rates of myopia and hyperopia were 72.4% and 27.6%. Myopic and hyperopic astigmatism were found in 29.1% and 11.3% of children. Myopia, myopic astigmatism increased with age (p &lt; 0.05). The hyperopia rate decreased with decreasing age (p &lt; 0.05). The frequency of myopia, myopic astigmatism was higher in both male and female children (p &lt; 0.05). The rate of myopia was higher in females (p &lt; 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of cylindrical value between genders. The statistically significant difference was found in terms of mean SE among all groups and a negative correlation was present between age and mean SE. A lower negative correlation was stated between age and cylindrical value. Conclusion: Corrected myopic and myopic astigmatism errors were higher than hyperopic refractive errors. The prevalence of myopia increased by age and was higher in females. The need for glasses was highest in children whose age range was between 11 and 15 years

Web browsers forensic analysis reviewWeb tarayıcılarda adli analiz incelemesi

Nowadays, web browser tools are seen ıntensıvely durıng the usage of web applıcatıons. Because of that, browsers provıdes ınfrastructure of a largo majorıty of crımes. Because guılty or suspect can use the browsers to collect ınformatıons, to hıde hıs crıme, learn new crımınal methods or to apply they have learned. In thıs study, ıt ıs also seeked answers of how a process can be monıtored on the computers whıch are used on browsers, ın whıch fıles whıch datas are looked and when and whıch sıtes are accessed. Accordıng to research of W3counter web stats tool, Chrome Web browser, whıch has %43 persentage of across the world ın usage, ıs proses as the most demanded browser ın thıs study by users, and ıt ıs scented out ın thıs browser's related fıles. In these days, ''hıdden mode'' whıch take part ın vast majorıty of browsers ıs also examıned. Thıs feature of the browser, whıch ıs receıved reference, ıs tracked by testıng and ıs sought data ın RAM memory and fıle systems. Thus, '' hıdden mode'' effects are dıscussed ın provıdıng studıes about suspect or crımınal posıtıon people, what kınd of data can be obtaıned ın usıng '' hıdden mode” ıs revealed. ÖzetGünümüzde internet uygulamalarının kullanımı sırasında web tarayıcı araçlarının yoğun bir şekilde kullanımı görülmektedir. Bu nedenle tarayıcılar, işlenen suçların büyük bir çoğunluğuna altyapı sağlar. Çünkü suçlu ya da şüpheli, tarayıcıları bilgi toplamak, suçunu gizlemek, yeni suç metotları öğrenmek ya da öğrendiklerini uygulamak için kullanabilir.  Bu çalışmada da tarayıcıların kullanıldığı bilgisayarlar üzerinde bırakılan izlerin tespitinde nasıl bir süreç izlenebileceği, hangi dosyalarda hangi verilere bakılabileceği ve ne zaman hangi sitelere erişim sağlandığı gibi çeşitli sorulara cevaplar aranmaktadır. w3counter adlı internet istatistik aracının yaptığı araştırmaya göre, dünya genelinde %43'lük bir kullanım alanına sahip olan Chrome web tarayıcısı, kullanıcılar tarafından en çok talep gören tarayıcı olarak bu araştırma içinde referans alınmaktadır ve bu tarayıcıya ait ilgili dosyalarda izler sürülmektedir. Ayrıca günümüz tarayıcıların büyük bir çoğunluğunda yer alan “gizli mod” özelliği incelenmektedir.  Referans alınan tarayıcının bu özelliği test edilerek iz sürülmekte, dosya  sistemlerinde ve RAM bellekte veri aranmaktadır.Böylelikle “gizli mod” kullanımında ne tür veriler elde edilebileceği ortaya konarak şüpheli ya da suçlu konumundaki kişilere ait delillendirme çalışmalarında “gizli mod” kullanımının etkileri tartışılmaktadır.

Serous retinal detachment in patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion

Conclusion: SRD may be associated with decreased VA. The prognosis of patients with BRVO and SRD requires further investigation

A Rare Presentation of Acquired Laryngomalacia and Tracheomalacia in a Child Associated with Apricot Sulfurization

Sulfur fumigation has come to replace traditional sun drying methods for drying fruits over the years around the world as it is a cheaper and faster method because of its pesticidal and anti-bacterial properties. We report the case of an 11-year-old boy with acquired severe biphasic stridor who was exposed to extremely high concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) during apricot sulfurization processes with his mother. The patient's bronchoscopy revealed severe glottic and subglottic damage. Exposure to SO2 is a health risk, particularly for individuals who are sulfide-sensitive, especially in childhood. The pulmonary epithelium may be directly injured by inhaled toxic substances at various levels of the respiratory system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported of acquired airway damage associated with sulfurization in a pediatric patient without a known history of any respiratory disease or symptoms