Influence of exhalation source parameters and weather conditions on the concentration

From the general equation for the calculation of noxious material concentration in the atmosphere (Slanèo, 199 ) it is possible to determine the curve of the ground concentration of gaseous and solid materials with the size ≤ 0,1 µm in the wind direction (1). The shape of the concentration curve is influenced by the parameters of a point source (the power of source Q, the speed of exhalation spewing w, the diameter of the source crown d, the thermal efficiency of source G) and atmospheric conditions (wind speed, group of air stability).In equation (1) means: Q source power α2, α3, β2, β3 coefficients connected with standard deviations σ2, σ3 in axis direction x2, x3 according to (2) and they depend on concrete conditions of dispersion h effective level of source ( 4, 5 ) ū average wind speed between the elevation level of the wind speed measurement and the effective level h.In the paper, effect of these parameters and the wind speed on the size of maximum concentration of noxious material and the distance of place of maximum concentration (3), or from the bottom the source is studied.The distance of place of maximum concentration from the bottom of source: with the change of source power is not changing with the crease of wind speed is moving to the source with the decrease of effective level is approaching the source.The size of maximum concentration of noxious material at the distance x1M (3) with the increase of source power is increasing with the increase of effective level is decreasing ( at the same group of air stability ) with the increase of ū is decreasing ( the effective level at the constant source parameters and the same group of air stability is decreasing )

FERMENTATION PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT MAIZE SILAGE HYBRIDS

The aim of this study was to detect the fermentation process differences in different hybrid maize silage. We conserved in laboratory conditions hybrids of whole maize plants with different length of the vegetative period (FAO number). Maize hybrids for silage were harvested in the vegetation stage of the milk-wax maturity of corn and the content of dry matter was from 377.7 to 422.8 g.kg-1. The highest content of dry matter was typical for silages made from the hybrids with FAO number 310 (400.0 g.kg-1) and FAO 300a (400.4 g.kg-1). The content of desirable lactic acid ranged from 23.7 g.kg-1 of dry matter (FAO 350) to 58.9 g.kg-1 of dry matter (FAO 420). We detected the occurrence of undesirable butyric acid in silages from hybrids FAO 250, 300b, 310 and 380. The highest content of total alcohols we found in silages made from hybrid with FAO number 240 (25.2 g.kg-1 of dry matter). Ammonia contents were in tested silages from 0.153 (FAO 270) to 0.223 g.kg-1 of dry matter (FAO 240). The lowest value of silage titration acidity we analyzed in silage made from hybrid FAO 420 (3.66). We observed in maize silages with different length of plant maturity tested in the experiment differences in content of lactic acid, total alcohols, titration acidity, pH and content of fermentation products

Characterization studies of Silicon Photomultipliers and crystals matrices for a novel time of flight PET detector

This paper describes the characterization of crystal matrices and silicon photomultiplier arrays for a novel Positron Emission Tomography (PET) detector, namely the external plate of the EndoTOFPET-US system. The EndoTOFPET-US collaboration aims to integrate Time-Of-Flight PET with ultrasound endoscopy in a novel multimodal device, capable to support the development of new biomarkers for prostate and pancreatic tumors. The detector consists in two parts: a PET head mounted on an ultrasound probe and an external PET plate. The challenging goal of 1 mm spatial resolution for the PET image requires a detector with small crystal size, and therefore high channel density: 4096 LYSO crystals individually readout by Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) make up the external plate. The quality and properties of these components must be assessed before the assembly. The dark count rate, gain, breakdown voltage and correlated noise of the SiPMs are measured, while the LYSO crystals are evaluated in terms of light yield and energy resolution. In order to effectively reduce the noise in the PET image, high time resolution for the gamma detection is mandatory. The Coincidence Time Resolution (CTR) of all the SiPMs assembled with crystals is measured, and results show a value close to the demanding goal of 200 ps FWHM. The light output is evaluated for every channel for a preliminary detector calibration, showing an average of about 1800 pixels fired on the SiPM for a 511 keV interaction. Finally, the average energy resolution at 511 keV is about 13 %, enough for effective Compton rejection.Comment: 12 pages, 31 figure

Analytical parameters and validation of homopolymer detection in a pyrosequencing-based next generation sequencing system

K

THE CONCENTRATIONS OF MINERAL ELEMENTS IN DIFFERENT CONSERVED FEEDS

Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti koncentraciju nekih mineralnih elemenata u konzerviranim krmivima. U pokusu smo konzervirali kukuruz visokog sadržaja vlage u 3 varijante: varijanta UC (kontrola) bez aditiva, varijanta A (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lact. plantarum, Lact. brevis, Lact. Buchneri Pediococcus pentosaceus, 2,5x10 11 CFU.g-1) i varijanta B (Enterococcus faecium, Lact. plantarum, Lact. casei, Lact. buchneri, Pediococcus pentosaceus, 150x103 CFU.g-1) s dodatkom bioloških aditiva. Nakon fermentacije silaže otkrili smo najviši saržaj Ca u kontrolnoj varijanti UC (0.483 g.kg-1 DM). Najniži sadržaj P (2.976 g.kg-1 DM) otkrili smo u cijepljenoj varijanti A (s dodatkom bakterija mliječne kiseline). U sadržaju Mg našli smo isto djelovanje kao i u sadržaju Ca i P. Nakon primjene aditiva u silaži ustanovili smo nižu koncentraciju Mg (0.957 g.kg-1 DM u varijanti A i 0.970 g.kg.1 DM u varijanti B) Koncentracije Na bile su između 0.480 g.kg-1 DM (varijanta B) i 0.711 g.kg-1 DM (netretirana kontrolna varijanta UC), a značajne smo razlike našli između varijanata UC i B kao i između A i B (P<0.05). Najvišu koncentraciju sadržaja K našli smo u varijanti A (konzervirana biološkim cjepivom), 4.039 g.kg-1 DM. Koncentracija K u drugoj pokusnoj varijanti B bila je najniža (3.716g.kg-1 DM). Razlike između pokusnih varijanata (A, B) bile su značajne (P<0.01). Nakon primjene aditiva u silaži kukuruza velike vlažnosti utvrdili smo niži sadržaj Ca, P, Mg i Na.The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of some mineral elements in conserved feeds. In the trial maize corn was treated with high moisture in 3 variants: variant UC (control) without additives, variant A (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lact. plantarum, Lact. brevis, Lact. buchneri, Pediococcus pentosaceus, 2,5x10 11 CFU.g-1) and variant B (Enterococcus faecium, Lact. plantarum, Lact. casei, Lact. buchneri, Pediococcus pentosaceus, 150x103 CFU.g-1) with biological additives. After silage fermentation the highest content Ca was found in the control variant UC (0.483 g.kg-1 of DM). The lowest P content (2.976 g.kg-1 of DM) was detected in inoculated variant A (with lactic acid bacteria addition). In the Mg content was found the same effect as in Ca and P content. After application of silage additives lower concentration of Mg (0.957 g.kg-1 of DM in variant A and 0.970 g.kg-1 of DM in variant B) was determined. The Na concentrations were between 0.480 g.kg-1 of DM (variant B) and 0.711 g.kg-1 of DM (untreated control variant UC), significant differences were found between variants UC and B, as well as between A and B (P<0.05). The highest K concentration was found in variant A (conserved by biological inoculant), 4.039 g.kg-1 of DM. The concentration of K in experimental variant B was the lowest (3.716 g.kg-1 of DM). Differences between experimental variants (A, B) were significant (P<0.01). After application of the silage additives to high moisture corn in silages lower Ca, P, Mg and Na content was determined

Distribution of CFTR mutations in Eastern Hungarians: Relevance to genetic testing and to the introduction of newborn screening for cystic fibrosis

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was characterization of an updated distribution of CFTR mutations in a representative cohort of 40 CF patients with the classical form of the disease drawn from Eastern Hungary. Due to the homogeneity of the Hungarian population our data are generally applicable to other regions of the country, including the sizeable diaspora.MethodsWe utilized the recommended “cascade” CFTR mutation screening approach, initially using a commercial assay, followed by examination of the common “Slavic” deletion CFTRdele2,3(21kb). Subsequently, the entire CFTR coding region of the CFTR gene was sequenced in patients with yet unidentified mutations.ResultsThe Elucigene CF29Tm v2 assay detected 81.25% of all CF causing mutations. An addition of the CFTRdele2,3(21kb) increased the mutation detection rate to 86.25%. DNA sequencing enabled us to identify mutations on 79/80 CF alleles. Mutations [CFTRdele2,3(21kb), p.Gln685ThrfsX4 (2184insA) were found at an unusually high frequency, each comprising 5.00% of all CF alleles.ConclusionWe have identified common CF causing mutations in the Hungarian population with the most common mutations (p.Phe508del, p.Asn1303Lys, CFTRdele2,3(21kb), 2184insA, p.Gly542X, and p.Leu101X), comprising over 93.75% of all CF alleles. Obtained data are applicable to the improvement of DNA diagnostics in Hungary and beyond, and are the necessary prerequisite for the introduction of a nationwide “two tier” CF newborn screening program

Impact of corrosion process of carbonyl iron particles on magnetorheological behavior of their suspensions

The study investigates an influence of carbonyl iron (CI) particles’ corrosion on magnetorheological performance of their silicone-oil suspensions. Carbonyl iron particles were oxidized thermally at 500 °C in the air or chemically in 0.05 HCl solution and the as-treated particles were subsequently used as a dispersed phase in magnetorheological suspensions. Corrosive layer on surface of oxidized particles was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Obtained rheological data was treated with Robertson–Stiff (R–S) model to determine yield stress values and in order to find the yield stress values of prepared magnetorheological (MR) suspensions at saturation level a mathematical model was used. The suspensions based on oxidized particles showed lower values of the yield stress, which was significantly manifested at higher magnetic field intensities due to lower saturation magnetization of the particles. © 2018 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering ChemistryLO1504, NPU, Northwestern Polytechnical University; 17-24730S, GACR, Grantová Agentura České Republiky; MŠMT, Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy; CZ.1.05/2.1.00/19.0409, FEDER, European Regional Development Fund; FEDER, European Regional Development Fund; Research and DevelopmentMinistry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [LO1504]; Operational Program Research and Development for Innovations - European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); national budget of the Czech Republic, within the framework of the Centre of Polymer Systems project [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/19.0409]; Czech Science Foundation [17-24730S

Schlieren analysis of non-MILD distributed combustion in a mixture temperature-controlled burner

It was recently demonstrated that distributed combustion is accessible outside the MILD combustion regime without needing inner or outer flue gas recirculation. The Mixture-Temperature Controlled combustion concept, which made it possible, offers excellent flame stability besides ultra-low emission. This concept is investigated presently to reveal the qualitative characteristics of the cold discharging mixture jet from the burner and its ignition. The Schlieren technique with a high-speed camera is the most suitable approach for this purpose, revealing the line-of-sight density gradients. Nine cases were evaluated, utilizing natural gas and diesel fuel, various equivalence ratios, and atomizing pressures. V-shaped flames were used as a baseline for comparing distributed combustion to it via direct images and velocity field using the PIVlab Matlab application. The results confirm the previous hypothesis that distributed combustion features a cold fuel-air mixture at the burner discharge that ignites downstream. The excellent flame stability comes from the fishbone-tiled coherent structures with significant random features, resulting in no characteristic frequency related to the flame. All these results comply with the previous findings by chemiluminescence emission and acoustic signal of distributed combustion, which techniques cannot be used to investigate the flame structure, unlike Schlieren imaging

CHARAKTERISTIKA FERMENTAČNÉHO PROCESU RÔZNYCH SILÁŽNYCH HYBRIDOV KUKURICE

The aim of this study was to detect the fermentation process differences in different hybrid maize silage. We conserved in laboratory conditions hybrids of whole maize plants with different length of the vegetative period (FAO number). Maize hybrids for silage were harvested in the vegetation stage of the milk-wax maturity of corn and the content of dry matter was from 377.7 to 422.8 g.kg-1. The highest content of dry matter was typical for silages made from the hybrids with FAO number 310 (400.0 g.kg-1) and FAO 300a (400.4 g.kg-1). The content of desirable lactic acid ranged from 23.7 g.kg-1 of dry matter (FAO 350) to 58.9 g.kg-1 of dry matter (FAO 420). We detected the occurrence of undesirable butyric acid in silages from hybrids FAO 250, 300b, 310 and 380. The highest content of total alcohols we found in silages made from hybrid with FAO number 240 (25.2 g.kg-1 of dry matter). Ammonia contents were in tested silages from 0.153 (FAO 270) to 0.223 g.kg-1 of dry matter (FAO 240). The lowest value of silage titration acidity we analyzed in silage made from hybrid FAO 420 (3.66). We observed in maize silages with different length of plant maturity tested in the experiment differences in content of lactic acid, total alcohols, titration acidity, pH and content of fermentation products.Cieľom experimentu bolo analyzovanie rozdielov vo výsledku fermentačného procesu kukuričných siláží vyrobených z rozdielnych hybridov. V laboratórnych podmienkach sme silážovali celé rastliny kukurice, ktorých hybridy sa vzájomne odlišovali dĺžkou vegetačného obdobia (číslo FAO). Zber rastlín bol realizovaný vo vegetačnom štádiu mliečno-voskovej zrelosti zrna a obsahu sušiny od 377.7 do 422.8 g.kg-1. Najvyšším obsahom sušiny sa vyznačovali siláže vyrobené z hybridov s číslom FAO 310 (400.0 g.kg-1) a FAO 300a (400.4 g.kg-1). Obsah žiaducej kyseliny mliečnej kolísal medzi 23.7 g.kg-1 sušiny (FAO 350) a 58.9 g.kg-1 sušiny (FAO 420). Výskyt nežiadúcej kyseliny maslovej sme detekovali v silážach hybridov FAO 250, 300b, 310 a 380. Najvyšší obsah celkových alkoholov sme zistili v silážach vyrobených z hybridu FAO 240 (25.2 g.kg-1 sušiny). Obsah amoniaku bol v analyzovaných silážach od 0.153 (FAO 270) do 0.223 g.kg-1 sušiny (FAO 240). Najnižšou hodnotou aktívnej kyslosti výluhov siláží sa vyznačovali siláže vyrobené z hybridu s číslom FAO 420 (3.66). Testované silážne kukuričné hybridy s rôznou dĺžkou dozrievania rastliny sa vyznačovali značnými rozdielmi v obsahu kyseliny mliečnej, celkových alkoholov, kyslosti vodných výluhov, pH a obsahu fermentačných produktov