Value from free-text maintenance records : converting wind farm work orders into quantifiable, actionable information using text mining

The aim of this project is to demonstrate how text mining can help wind farm operators extract unique, quantifiable maintenance information from historic work orders. A good overview of past maintenance efforts can help develop an reliability-centred maintenance strategy for the future in terms of labour intensity, budgeting and spare parts logistics [1, 2]. However, work orders - where significant information is entered by a human in the form of free text – do not provide any straightforward means for automated analysis [3, 4]. Our approach introduces a novel combination of machine learning techniques supported by expert judgement. Significant focus is on the vocabulary - spelling error correction, semantic matching of synonyms and abbreviations. This allows tasks to be grouped by their underlying meaning, not only the characters they contain. The principal output is a frequency distribution of all groups of equivalent tasks. Further categorical analysis allows to focus on specific plant systems or components, as well as failure modes. Data from an industrial partner’s major onshore wind farms in Scotland was used to test our approach against manual analysis. Potential savings were identified in weeks of effort, or £2-9k in labour cost per site, in addition to an improved maintenance strategy. The remaining challenges mainly lie in increasing accuracy and reducing operator input. These are being addressed by our continued research, but also highlight opportunities for collaboration and standardisation across the industry to maximise the value of data

Quantification and physical analysis of nanoparticle emissions from a marine engine using different fuels and a laboratory wet scrubber

A marine test-bed diesel engine was used to study how international fuel sulfur content (FSC) regulations and wet scrubbing can affect physical properties of submicron exhaust particles. Particle size distributions, particle number and mass emission factors as well as effective densities of particulate emissions were measured for three distillate fuels of varying FSC and a laboratory wet scrubber. While particle number concentrations were reduced by up to 9% when switching to low FSC fuels, wet scrubbing led to increased ultrafine particulate emissions (<30 nm). Exhaust processed through the scrubber was also found to have particles with greater effective densities, a result that directly contradicts the particulate characteristics of low FSC fuel emissions. The results demonstrate that alternative pathways to comply with marine FSC regulations can have opposing effects and thus may have very different implications for important atmospheric processes. The relevance for air quality, and the potential implications for cloud and climate interactions are discussed

Pengembangan dan Pelayanan Kepala Sekolah dalam Mempertahankan Nilai Prestasi Akademik

In the effort of human empowerment, education plays an important role. Improving the quality of human a process related to of improving the quality of education. National education is faced with of the low quality of education, especially the level of primary and secondary education. Improving the quality of education continues to be carried out by various parties as an awareness of the importance of character education. The goal is to determine the performance of the Principal as a leader and provide services in improving achievement. The results of the study were that principals had provided services and supervision, and empowered their education personnel, supervised periodically and established cooperation and gave an example.Dalam upaya pemberdayaan manusia, pendidikan memainkan peran penting. Proses meningkatkan kualitas manusia sangat berkaitan dengan proses meningkatkan mutu pendidikan. Pendidikan Nasional dihadapkan pada rendahnya pendidikan, terutama tingkat pendidikan dasar dan menengah. Meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan terus dilakukan oleh berbagai pihak sebagai kesadaran akan pentingnya pendidikan karakter. Sasarannya adalah memastikan kinerja kepala sekolah sebagai pemimpin dan memberikan pelayanan dalam upaya meningkatkan prestasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepala sekolah telah menyediakan layanan dan pengawasan, memberdayakan personel pendidikan mereka, mengawasi secara berkala, menjalin kerja sama dan memberi contoh

Changes in CCN activity of ship exhaust particles induced by fuel sulfur content reduction and wet scrubbing

Maritime transport remains a large source of airborne pollutants, including exhaust particles that can act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). While primary diesel engine exhaust particles are generally considered hydrophobic, international regulations targeting a reduction of particulate emissions from ships may have secondary effects, and therefore influence how exhaust interacts within the atmosphere. The effect of international fuel sulfur content (FSC) regulations on the cloud forming abilities of exhaust particles was investigated using a marine test engine operating on compliant low FSC fuels, non-compliant high FSC distillate fuels and in conjunction with a marine wet scrubber (fresh- and seawater). Particle sizing and liquid droplet activation measurements reveal that compliance measures can have opposing effects on the CCN activity of exhaust particles. For a non-compliant, high FSC fuel, wet scrubbing leads to an increase in CCN activity but not to significant increases in CCN emission factors. However, switching to low FSC fuels resulted in emissions of highly hydrophobic particles, causing a significant reduction in CCN activity resulting in smaller CCN emission factors by at least one order of magnitude. Our observations are supported by chemical analysis of exhaust particles using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (STXM/NEXAFS) spectra. Potential implications of effects on ship exhaust particles for cloud and climate interactions due to different compliance measures are discussed

Security Enhancement of E-Voting System

The term E-Votingǁ is used in variety of different ways and it encompasses all voting techniques involving electronic voting equipments, voting over the internet, using electronic booths in polling stations and sometimes even counting of paper ballots. A voting system that can be proven correct has many concerns. The basic reasons for a government to use electronic systems are to increase election activities and to reduce the election expenses. Still there is some scope of work in electronic voting system in terms of checking the authenticity of voters and securing electronic voting machine from miscreants. Biometrics is automated tool for verifying the identity of a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic. It has the capability to reliably distinguish between an authorized person and an imposter. Since biometric characteristics are distinctive, can not be forgotten or lost and the person to be authenticated needs to be physically present at the point of identification, biometrics is inherently more reliable and more capable than traditional knowledgebased and token-based techniques. In this paper, we have proposed a model to enhance the security of electronic voting system by incorporating fast and accurate biometric technique to prevent an unauthorized person to vote

Effects of seawater scrubbing on a microplanktonic community during a summer-bloom in the Baltic Sea

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has gradually applied stricter regulations on the maximum sulphur content permitted in marine fuels and from January 1, 2020, the global fuel sulphur limit was reduced from 3.5% to 0.5%. An attractive option for shipowners is to install exhaust gas cleaning systems, also known as scrubbers, and continue to use high sulphur fuel oil. In the scrubber, the exhausts are led through a fine spray of water, in which sulphur oxides are easily dissolved. The process results in large volumes of acidic discharge water, but while regulations are focused on sulphur oxides removal and acidification, other pollutants e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals and nitrogen oxides can be transferred from the exhausts to the washwater and discharged to the marine environment. The aim of the current study was to investigate how different treatments of scrubber discharge water (1, 3 and 10%) affect a natural Baltic Sea summer microplanktonic community. To resolve potential contribution of acidification from the total effect of the scrubber discharge water, “pH controls” were included where the pH of natural sea water was reduced to match the scrubber treatments. Biological effects (e.g. microplankton species composition, biovolume and primary productivity) and chemical parameters (e.g. pH and alkalinity) were monitored and analysed during 14 days of exposure. Significant effects were observed in the 3% scrubber treatment, with more than 20% increase in total biovolume of microplankton compared to the control group, and an even greater effect in the 10% scrubber treatment. Group-specific impacts were recorded where diatoms, flagellates incertae sedis, chlorophytes and ciliates increased in biovolume with increasing concentrations of scrubber water while no effect was recorded for cyanobacteria. In contrast, these effects was not observed in the “pH controls”, a suggestion that other parameters/stressors in the scrubber water were responsible for the observed effects

Notas sobre la sostenibilidad de la deuda pública en Venezuela

En el presente trabajo se lleva a cabo una evaluación de la sostenibilidad de la deuda pública en Venezuela. En la primera parte del estudio se presenta un breve bosquejo teórico de los modelos para evaluar la sostenibilidad de la deuda pública que aparece reflejado en la literatura económica. Asimismo, se presenta la evolución de los indicadores de sostenibilidad de la deuda pública, así como una comparación internacional de los niveles de deuda de Venezuela en comparación con otros países de la región. Se observa que aunque los indicadores tradicionales de deuda pública no indican un peso importante de la deuda sobre la economía nacional, al estudiar la trayectoria de endeudamiento actual, se concluye que el endeudamiento público no es sostenible en el tiempo

EuReCa ONE—27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the EuReCa ONE study was to determine the incidence, process, and outcome for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) throughout Europe.MethodsThis was an international, prospective, multi-centre one-month study. Patients who suffered an OHCA during October 2014 who were attended and/or treated by an Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Data were extracted from national, regional or local registries.ResultsData on 10,682 confirmed OHCAs from 248 regions in 27 countries, covering an estimated population of 174 million. In 7146 (66%) cases, CPR was started by a bystander or by the EMS. The incidence of CPR attempts ranged from 19.0 to 104.0 per 100,000 population per year. 1735 had ROSC on arrival at hospital (25.2%), Overall, 662/6414 (10.3%) in all cases with CPR attempted survived for at least 30 days or to hospital discharge.ConclusionThe results of EuReCa ONE highlight that OHCA is still a major public health problem accounting for a substantial number of deaths in Europe.EuReCa ONE very clearly demonstrates marked differences in the processes for data collection and reported outcomes following OHCA all over Europe. Using these data and analyses, different countries, regions, systems, and concepts can benchmark themselves and may learn from each other to further improve survival following one of our major health care events

A genome-wide approach accounting for body mass index identifies genetic variants influencing fasting glycemic traits and insulin resistance

Recent genome-wide association studies have described many loci implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathophysiology and beta-cell dysfunction, but contributed little to our understanding of the genetic basis of insulin resistance. We hypothesized that genes implicated in insulin resistance pathways may be uncovered by accounting for differences in body mass index (BMI) and potential interaction between BMI and genetic variants. We applied a novel joint meta-analytical approach to test associations with fasting insulin (FI) and glucose (FG) on a genome-wide scale. We present six previously unknown FI loci at P<5×10−8 in combined discovery and follow-up analyses of 52 studies comprising up to 96,496non-diabetic individuals. Risk variants were associated with higher triglyceride and lower HDL cholesterol levels, suggestive of a role for these FI loci in insulin resistance pathways. The localization of these additional loci will aid further characterization of the role of insulin resistance in T2D pathophysiology

Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation analysis provide insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A small proportion of HF cases are attributable to monogenic cardiomyopathies and existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded only limited insights, leaving the observed heritability of HF largely unexplained. We report results from a GWAS meta-analysis of HF comprising 47,309 cases and 930,014 controls. Twelve independent variants at 11 genomic loci are associated with HF, all of which demonstrate one or more associations with coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation, or reduced left ventricular function, suggesting shared genetic aetiology. Functional analysis of non-CAD-associated loci implicate genes involved in cardiac development (MYOZ1, SYNPO2L), protein homoeostasis (BAG3), and cellular senescence (CDKN1A). Mendelian randomisation analysis supports causal roles for several HF risk factors, and demonstrates CAD-independent effects for atrial fibrillation, body mass index, and hypertension. These findings extend our knowledge of the pathways underlying HF and may inform new therapeutic strategies