65 research outputs found

    Drivers of the marine CO2 system in the High Arctic - from the deep basins to the shallow fjords

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    The High Arctic is largely undersampled in terms of marine CO2 system data due to the cold dark season and often an extensive sea ice cover. The current understanding of the Arctic carbon cycle is thus vulnerable to both the spatial distribution and the timing of the data that so far exist. The fact that the Arctic is in transition due to the Arctic Amplification of climate change, makes it the more important to fill the knowledge gaps on the carbon cycle that prevail. This thesis is not only an attempt to add data to the existing pool of measurements, but also an investigation of processes that drive changes in the marine CO2 system. The uptake of anthropogenic carbon (Cant) from the atmosphere and the subsequent storage thereof, do not always occur in the same region. The Cant load in the Atlantic Water that flows into the central Arctic Ocean likely explains observed trends of increasing total dissolved inorganic carbon of 0.4-0.9 ÎŒmol kg-1 yr-1 at the intermediate depths of the deep Arctic basins. Further up in the water column at depths between 50 to150 m, the signature of organic decay products that originates from the bottom of the river-influenced East Siberian Sea can be traced all the way to the Fram Strait. This rather fresh water type is undersaturated in the calcium carbonate minerals aragonite and calcite and can therefore have negative consequences for shell-building calcifying marine organisms. In Adventfjorden, a fjord branch of the Isfjorden system that is situated on the West Spitsbergen coast, the thermodynamic driving force of the air-sea CO2 flux was mainly governed by biological processes and temperature changes. This likely reflects the absence of sea ice that has prevailed over the last couple of years. The airsea CO2 uptake of 31-36 g C m-2 yr-1 largely balanced the combined effects of primary production and respiration over the annual cycle. Also, the saturation state of aragonite was controlled by biological activity. In the glacier-influenced neighbouring fjord branch, Tempelfjorden, the freshwater discharge accounted for about 25% of the air-sea CO2 uptake over the melt season. The freshwater discharge decreased the aragonite saturation state, but at least a freshwater fraction larger than 50% (lower range of uncertainty) was needed for the water to become undersaturated in the mineral

    Faktablad regional kustfiskövervakning i Egentliga Östersjön

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    Resultaten tyder pÄ att fisksamhÀllets status i AsköfjÀrden inte har förÀndrats sÄ mycket under den studerade tidsperioden (2005-2014), sett till storleksstruktur och trofisk struktur (fördelningen av fisk med olika typer av födoval). FisksamhÀllets artsammansÀttning har varierat mycket mellan Är. Denna variation beror sannolikt pÄ olika vattentemperaturer vid provfiskena olika Är. Totalt har 25 arter fÄngats sedan övervakningen startade. Tre av arterna; torsk, tÄnglake och lake, finns pÄ Artdatabankens rödlista. Abborre Àr den vanligaste arten i provfisket

    RÄneÄ (Bottniska viken) 2002-2015

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    ‱ I RĂ„neĂ„ har ett provfiske med Nordiska kustöversiktsnĂ€t utförts i augusti varje Ă„r sedan 2002. ‱ Det har inte skett nĂ„gra förĂ€ndringar i omgivningsfaktorerna temperatur och siktdjup sedan fisket startade. Inte heller i fisksamhĂ€llet har det skett nĂ„gra stora förĂ€ndringar. ‱ Antalet fĂ„ngade fiskar och fisksamhĂ€llets struktur i RĂ„neĂ„ har varierat mellan Ă„r under den studerade tidsperioden (2002-2015), men det förekommer ingen riktad trend över tid varken i fĂ„ngstens storlek eller i antalet fĂ„ngade arter. De dominerande arterna i fĂ„ngsten Ă€r abborre, mört och braxen. ‱ ArtsammansĂ€ttningen har varit relativt konstant sett över hela tidsperioden, Ă€ven om mĂ€ngden mört i fĂ„ngsten har minskat nĂ„got. Det Ă€r oklart varför mĂ€ngden mört har minskat eftersom vattenförhĂ„llandena varit stabila, men det skulle delvis kunna bero pĂ„ en större predation eftersom mĂ€ngden stora fiskar i omrĂ„det ökat (se nedan). ‱ FĂ„ngsten av stora fiskar (30 cm och större) domineras av braxen, följd av abborre. BĂ„de mĂ€ngden stora fiskar totalt och mĂ€ngden stor abborre (25 cm och större) har ökat sedan provfisket startade, trots att det inte skett nĂ„gra förĂ€ndringar i omgivningsfaktorerna. Ökningen av stora fiskar totalt kan bero pĂ„ gynnsamma förhĂ„llanden för braxen. Ett minskat fisketryck och nĂ„gra starka Ă„rsklasser av abborre kan ocksĂ„ ligga bakom ökningen av bĂ„de stora abborrar och det totala antalet stora fiskar

    Faktablad regional kustfiskövervakning i Egentliga Östersjön

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    FisksamhÀllets status och karaktÀr har varit likartad under den studerade tidsperioden 2007-2014, sett till antalet individer av fiskar, antal arter och trofisk struktur. FisksamhÀllets artsammansÀttning Àr relativt oförÀndrat över tid och varierar mellan Är, framför allt beroende pÄ slumpfÄngster av ovanliga arter. Det finns en tendens till ökning av medelfÄngst över tid hos mört och hornsimpa medan fÄngsterna av abborre och gers tenderat att minska. GösfÄngsterna har studerats sedan 1997 och totalfÄngsterna har minskat dramatiskt under perioden. Gös över 40 cm, vilket motsvarar fisk Àldre Àn 5-6 Är, har inte fÄngats sedan 2006. Resultatet signalerar ett för högt fisketryck dÄ minimimÄttet för att ta upp gös ligger pÄ just 40 cm. I GaltfjÀrden har en art fÄngats som Äterfinns pÄ Artdatabankens rödlista; lake (Lota lota)

    Seasonal dynamics of the marine CO2 system in Adventfjorden, a West Spitsbergen fjord

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    Time series of the marine CO2 system and related parameters at the IsA Station, by Adventfjorden, Svalbard, were investigated between March 2015 and November 2017. The physical and biogeochemical processes that govern changes in total alkalinity (TA), total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and the saturation state of the calcium carbonate mineral aragonite (ΩAr) were assessed on a monthly timescale. The major driver for TA and DIC was changes in salinity, caused by river runoff, mixing and advection. This accounted for 77 and 45%, respectively, of the overall variability. It contributed minimally to the variability in ΩAr (5%); instead, biological activity was responsible for 60% of the monthly variations. For DIC, the biological activity was also important, contributing 44%. The monthly effect of air–sea CO2 fluxes accounted for 11 and 15% of the total changes in DIC and ΩAr, respectively. Net community production (NCP) during the productive season ranged between 65 and 85 g C m−2, depending on the year and the presence of either Arctic water or transformed Atlantic water (TAW). The annual NCP as estimated from DIC consumption was 34 g C m−2 yr−1 in 2016, which was opposite in direction but similar in magnitude to the integrated annual air–sea CO2 flux (i.e., uptake of carbon from the atmosphere) of −29 g C m−2 yr−1 for the same year. The results showed that increased intrusions of TAW into Adventfjorden in the future could possibly lower the NCP, with the potential to reduce the CO2buffer capacity and ΩAr over the summer season.publishedVersio
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