Occurrence of CTX-M Producing Escherichia coli in Soils, Cattle, and Farm Environment in France (Burgundy Region)

CTX-M [a major type of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)] producing Escherichia coli are increasingly involved in human infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate potential reservoirs for such strains: soils, cattle, and farm environment. The prevalence of blaCTX-M genes was determined directly from soil DNA extracts obtained from 120 sites in Burgundy (France) using real-time PCR. blaCTX-M targets were found in 20% of the DNA extracts tested. Samples of cattle feces (n = 271) were collected from 182 farms in Burgundy. Thirteen ESBL-producing isolates were obtained from 12 farms and further characterized for the presence of bla genes. Of the 13 strains, five and eight strains carried blaTEM-71 genes and blaCTX-M-1 genes respectively. Ten strains of CTX-M-1 producing E. coli were isolated from cultivated and pasture soils as well as from composted manure within two of these farms. The genotypic analysis revealed that environmental and animal strains were clonally related. Our study confirms the occurrence of CTX-M producing E. coli in cattle and reports for the first time the occurrence of such strains in cultivated soils. The environmental competence of such strains has to be determined and might explain their long term survival since CTX-M isolates were recovered from a soil that was last amended with manure 1 year before sampling

Immunohistochemistry on a Panel of Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy Samples Reveals Nuclear Envelope Proteins as Inconsistent Markers for Pathology

Reports of aberrant distribution for some nuclear envelope proteins in cells expressing a few Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy mutations raised the possibility that such protein redistribution could underlie pathology and/or be diagnostic. However, this disorder is linked to 8 different genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins, raising the question of whether a particular protein is most relevant. Therefore, myoblast/fibroblast cultures from biopsy and tissue sections from a panel of nine Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy patients (4 male, 5 female) including those carrying emerin and FHL1 (X-linked) and several lamin A (autosomal dominant) mutations were stained for the proteins linked to the disorder. As tissue-specific nuclear envelope proteins have been postulated to mediate the tissue-specific pathologies of different nuclear envelopathies, patient samples were also stained for several muscle-specific nuclear membrane proteins. Although linked proteins nesprin 1 and SUN2 and muscle-specific proteins NET5/Samp1 and Tmem214 yielded aberrant distributions in individual patient cells, none exhibited defects through the larger patient panel. Muscle-specific Tmem38A normally appeared in both the nuclear envelope and sarcoplasmic reticulum, but most patient samples exhibited a moderate redistribution favouring the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The absence of striking uniform defects in nuclear envelope protein distribution indicates that such staining will be unavailing for general diagnostics, though it remains possible that specific mutations exhibiting protein distribution defects might reflect a particular clinical variant. These findings further argue that multiple pathways can lead to the generally similar pathologies of this disorder while at the same time the different cellular phenotypes observed possibly may help explain the considerable clinical variation of EDMD

Détection et caractérisation moléculaire de souches d’Escherichia coli porteuses de gènes de résistance CTX-M (betalactamases à spectre élargi ou BLSE) et de gènes de virulence dans deux exploitations agricoles

National audienc

Prevalence of CTX-M producing E. coli in cattle and soil environment in the Burgundy region

National audienc

Construção das politicas de agroecologia e produção organica nos Estados federados do Brasil: primeiros resultados

International audienc

Occurrence of CTX-M producing E. Coli in cattle and the farm environment in Burgundy, France

International audienceExtended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli have recently emerged worldwide. The aim of this study was to sur vey cattle and the farm environment to determine if they are potential reservoirs for these strains. Samples of cattle feces (n=271) were collected from 182 farms in Burgundy (France). ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated on selective media containing cefotax im or ceftazidim. Thirteen ESBL-producing isolates were obtained from 3 farms, and these were characterized for the presence of bla genes. Of the 13 strains, five and eight strains carried blaTEM genes and blaCTX-M genes, respectively. Soil, water and store d manure obtained from the 3 positive farms were evaluated for the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli . Ten strains of CTX-M producing E. coli were isolated from cultivated and pasture soils an d composted manure from 2 of the farms. A genotypic analysis of the strains by rep-PCR using the Diversilab system revealed that the environmental strains were clonally related to the strains isolated from animals. In some cases soils had not been manured for over a year, thus suggesting that some strains may be environment ally adapted. A larger scale study was performed to detect the prevalence of blaCTX-M in soil. Soil DNA from 120 sites in Burgundy (Reseau de Mesure de la Qualite des Sols, 16x16 km grid) was tested using real time PCR with specific primers and probe. The blaCTX-M targets were detected in 20% of the DNA extracts tested. This study confirms the occurrence of CTX-M producing E. coli in cattle. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of such strains in cultivated soils. The environmental competence of such strains might explain their long term survival since CTX-M isolates were recovered from a soil that was last amended with manure one year before sampling. The blaCTX-M gene was found to be very widespread in a regional soil survey. Further studies are underway to determine the spread of blaCTX-M genes

Host status of wild roe deer in bovine tuberculosis endemic areas

International audienceRarely found infected, roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) are not considered a bovine tuberculosis (bTB) reservoir. However, serial cases discovered between 2010 and 2014 in one of the bTB endemic regions in France threw doubt on the epidemiological role played by this small wild cervid in ecosystems where cattle and other wild animals are both infected. Our objective was to analyse the bTB host status of roe deer as regards infection prevalence within the population and Mycobacterium bovis-induced pathology in this species. From November 2001 to March 2016, 668 roe deer were analysed (culture and/or PCR) through active surveillance implemented in three bTB endemic areas in France (Brotonne forest, Dordogne and Côte d’Or) and 132 through passive surveillance (presence of macroscopic lesions) in the whole country. Only seven roe deer were found infected by M. bovis, exclusively in bTB endemic areas, one through active surveillance (Brotonne forest; n = 203, apparent prevalence 0.49%). On the basis of these results, observed pathological patterns (mainly pulmonary lesions), species social behaviour (less gregarious than other ungulates) and food behaviour (mainly a selective browser), roe deer does not appear to be a true reservoir of bTB. However, once infected, it develops lesions reflecting a clear ability for bacterial excretion and therefore transmission to other species, most likely by indirect contact. It could thus be a spillover host included in a multi-host component reservoir in endemic areas. Consequently, passive surveillance is essential to detect infection and to implement specific management to limit interactions with cattle, where infected roe deer are found