Solar assisted dual tank heat pump application for a residential house

Bu çalışmada güneş enerjisi destekli çift tanklı bir ısı pompası sistemi tasarlanmış ve TRNSYS yardımıyla modellenerek simüle edilmiştir. Bu sistem bir su kaynaklı ısı pompasının bir tank (soğuk su tankı) içindeki sudan çektiği ısıyı diğer tanktaki (sıcak su tankı) suya aktarması esasına dayanmaktadır. Ayrıca enerji giderlerini düşürmek ve kış aylarında güneş enerjisinden ıstıma için de yararlanmak amacıyla sisteme PV/T kolektör entegre edilmiştir. Tasarlanan bu sistem kullanılarak bir restoranın kış aylarında ısıtılması ve sıcak kullanım suyu ihtiyacının karşılanabilmesi, yaz aylarında ise aynı mahallin soğutulması ve sıcak kullanım suyu ihtiyacının karşılanabilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Analizler Türkiyenin 5 farklı ili (İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir, Hakkari, Trabzon) için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Enerji tüketimi minimum olacak şekilde optimum sistem tasarımı için su debileri, tank hacimleri, PV/T kolektör yüzey alanı gibi farklı parametrelerin sisteme etkileri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen simülasyon sonuçlarına göre; sistemde en çok enerji tüketen eleman ısı pompası olup, sıcak iklimlerde daha çok devreye girmektedir. Soğuk iklimde ise tank içerisindeki yardımcı ısıtıcılara daha çok ihtiyaç olmasından dolayı sistemin toplam enerji tüketimi artmaktadır. PV/T kolektör yüzey alanının artışıyla SPF (sezonsal performans faktörü) ve BEO (bedelsiz enerji oranı) arasında doğru orantılı bir ilişki vardır. PV/T modül sayısı ilk yatırım maliyeti ve işletme giderleri dikkate alınarak belirlenmelidir. En yüksek SPF ve BEO değerleri sırasıyla 2,65 ve 0,65 olarak İzmir için elde edilirken, en düşük SPF ve BEO değerleri ise Hakkâri ili için 1,74 ve 0,39 olarak elde edilmiştir. Soğuk/sıcak su tankı hacminin büyütülmesi sistem performansını olumsuz etkilediği, artan tank hacmiyle birlikte yardımcı ısıtıcıların daha fazla devreye girerek, sistem verimini düşürdüğü görülmüştür.In this study, a solar assisted double tank heat pump system was designed, then modeled and simulated with TRNSYS program. This system is based on the principle that a water source heat pump transfers the heat from the water, which in cold water tank, to the water, which in hot water tank. Also, a PV/T collector is integrated in the system to reduce energy costs and to benefit from solar heating in winter. Using this designed system, it is aimed to heat a restaurant in winter and to meet the domestic hot water requirement, and to cool and to meet the domestic hot water requirement the same place in summer. Performance analysis of the system was carried out for 5 different provinces in Turkey. The effects of different parameters such as water flow rates, tank volumes, PV/T collector surface area were investigated for optimum system design with minimum energy consumption. According to the simulation results, the most energy consuming part in the system is the heat pump, which is more often used in hot climates. There is a direct correlation between the increase of PV/T collector surface area and, SPF and FER values. The number of PV/T modules should be determined by considering the initial investment cost and operating costs. The highest SPF and BEO values were found for İzmir 2,65 and 0,65; while the lowest SPF and BEO values were found 1,74 and 0,39 for Hakkari. Increasing the volume of cold/hot water tank has been found to adversely affect system performance. With the increasing tank volume, it has been seen that auxiliary heaters are activated more and reduce the system efficiency

Self-efficacy as a predictor of high school students’ subjective well-being

Bu araştırmanın amacı, lise öğrencilerinin akademik, sosyal ve duygusal öz-yeterliklerinin öznel iyi oluşu yordayıp yordamadığını belirlemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, farklı liselerde öğrenim gören 311 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların %64’ü (n= 199) kız, %36’sı (n= 112) erkektir. Araştırma verileri, Çocuklar İçin Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeği, Olumlu ve Olumsuz Yaşantı Ölçeği ve Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin analizinde çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi sonucunda akademik, sosyal ve duygusal öz-yeterlik, öznel iyi oluşun %19’unu açıklamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, akademik, sosyal ve duygusal öz-yeterliğin lise öğrencilerinin öznel iyi oluşlarını yordadığı saptanmıştır. Okul psikolojik danışmanlarının akademik, sosyal ve duygusal öz-yeterliği artırmaya yönelik yapacakları çalışmaların, öğrencilerin öznel iyi oluşlarının gelişimine olumlu katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.The purpose of this study is to determine whether subjective well-being of high school students is predicted by their academic, social, and emotional self-efficacy. The sample of this study consisted of 311 high school students of whom 64% (n= 199) were girls and 36% (n= 112) were boys. Data were collected by the Self-Efficacy Scale for Children, the Positive and Negative Experience Scale, and the Life Satisfaction Scale and analyzed through multiple regression analysis. Results showed that high school students’ academic, social, and emotional self-efficacy explained 19% of variance in their subjective well-being and predicted their subjective well-being. Activities performed by school counselors to increase students’ academic, social, and emotional self-efficacy levels are thought to contribute to their subjective well-being

Hormonal profile of Mediterranean green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

The beaches of Turkey are important nesting habitats of Chelonia mydas sea turtles and the determination of their health and disease status is critical in sustaining healthy populations. Limited data currently exist on the hormone values required to determine the status of reproductive capabilities of sea turtles. This study aimed to collect basic data regarding their hormonal profile and set reference limits for the Mediterranean population. Forty-nine free-ranging C. mydas sea turtles were used in the study and were classified into 3 groups according to their age (hatchlings, juvenile, adult). Adult turtles were also grouped according to sex. Adult females were further divided into 3 seasonal groups (summer, spring, and autumn), based on the dates of blood sampling. Plasma testosterone, oestradiol, progesterone, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), cortisol, and corticosterone levels were determined by ELISA method. Significantly higher levels were observed in oestrogen (P < 0.001), progesterone (P < 0.001), cortisol (P < 0.05), corticosterone (P < 0.05), T3 (P < 0.05), and T4 (P < 0.01) in the adult turtles when compared with the other groups. The highest levels of oestrogen (280.2 ± 39.34), progesterone (274.2 ± 29.4), cortisol (2.26 ± 0.36), and corticosterone (2.94 ± 0.53) were determined in the adult female turtles during the spring season. This data could be used to protect the population of this endangered species by taking precautions against diseases via determining their blood hormone levels and taking precautions against reproductive diseases. Further work is required, but this research can expand the knowledge on the basic blood biochemistry of Mediterranean green turtles

Integrating data mining and fuzzy decision-making techniques for analyzing the key minimizing factors of carbon emissions

The purpose of this study is to identify the key factors to minimize carbon emission problem. Within this framework, an examination has been made by considering both data mining and fuzzy decision-making techniques. In the analysis process, N-gram methodology is implemented to the abstracts of 1711 studies in the 'Sciencedirect' platform and five different indicators are selected. In the proposed decision-making model, firstly, selected criteria are weighted by Spherical fuzzy CRITIC. Secondly, E7 economies are ranked with RATGOS. Thirdly, a sensitivity analysis is performed, and a comparative evaluation is conducted by MAIRCA technique. The most important originality of this proposed model is generating a new technique named RATGOS. In the literature, there are various decision-making models to rank the alternatives. However, lots of researchers criticized these approaches due to some reasons, such as using Euclidean distance by calculating the distances to the negative ideal solutions. Thus, it is seen that there is a need for a new technique that considers geometric mean in proportional concepts. To reach this objective, the RATGOS technique is introduced so that it can be possible to reach more accurate results. The findings indicate that renewable energy usage is the most critical item to overcome carbon emission problem. Therefore, some measures should be taken to increase renewable energy investments. First, governments can offer incentives for renewable energy investments. These incentives may include various incentives such as tax exemptions and low interest loans. Moreover, more research and development works are required for the development of renewable energy technologies. In this way, it can make renewable energy technologies more effective and efficient. For future research directions, an evaluation can be carried out for developed countries because carbon emissions problem also plays a crucial role for the social and economic improvements of these economies

Effects of Glutamine on Healing of Traumatic Oral Mucosal Lesions: An Experimental Study

Ama&ccedil;: Glutaminin (GLN); asit&ndash;baz dengesi, protein d&ouml;n&uuml;ş&uuml;m&uuml; ve amonyak metabolizmasının d&uuml;zenlenmesinde, katabolik durumlarda ve immun sistemin g&uuml;&ccedil;lenmesinde &ouml;nemli g&ouml;revleri bulunmaktadır. Klinik ve ekonomik olarak bir&ccedil;ok problem yol a&ccedil;an oral mukozal lezyonların &ouml;nlenmesi, bakımı ve tedavisi &ouml;nemlidir. Bu deneysel hayvan modelinde; topikal ve sistemik yolla (enteral, parenteral) uygulanan GLN&rsquo;nin travmatik oral mukozal lezyonlarda pozitif ve farklı etkilerinin ortaya &ccedil;ıkarılması ama&ccedil;landı. Y&ouml;ntemler: Bu &ccedil;alışmaya 21 Wistar Albino sı&ccedil;an d&acirc;hil edildi ve 4 gruba ayrıldı. T&uuml;m sı&ccedil;anlara intraperitoneal anestezi uygulamasından sonra ağız i&ccedil;erisinde travmatik oral mukozal lezyon oluşturuldu. Kontrol grubunda; travmatik oral mukozal lezyon oluşturuldu ve tedavi uygulanmadı. &Ccedil;alışma gruplarında; GLN tedavisi parenteral, enteral ve topikal yollarla uygulandı. Travmatik oral mukozal lezyonun iyileşmesi makroskopik olarak g&ouml;zlendi. Sı&ccedil;anlar sakrifiye edildikten sonra biyopsiler alınarak histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Biyopsilerin histopatolojik incelenmesinde; akut inflamasyon a&ccedil;ısından kontrol grubu ile parenteral/topikal gruplar arasında, epitelyal proliferasyon a&ccedil;ısından kontrol ve parenteral gruplar arasında, fibrosis a&ccedil;ısından kontrol ve topikal gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptandı. Biyokimyasal analizlerde; yalnızca malondialdehit d&uuml;zeyleri a&ccedil;ısından kontrol ve enteral gruplar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık g&ouml;r&uuml;ld&uuml; (p&lt;0,02). Sonu&ccedil;: Glutaminin (GLN) takviyesinin travmatik oral mukozal lezyonların tedavisinde olumlu etkisi olduğu g&ouml;r&uuml;ld&uuml;. GLN&rsquo;nin parenteral yol ile verilmesi topikal ve enteral yol ile verilmesine kıyasla daha iyi sonu&ccedil; verdiği g&ouml;r&uuml;ld&uuml;. Buna rağmen, GLN&rsquo;nin parenteral yol ile verilmesi topikal ve enteral yol ile verilmesine kıyasla daha iyi sonu&ccedil; verdiği g&ouml;r&uuml;ld&uuml;. Anahtar kelimeler: Deneysel &ccedil;alışma, glutamin, oral mukozit, travmatik yar

Efficacy of subsequent treatments in patients with hormone-positive advanced breast cancer who had disease progression under CDK 4/6 inhibitor therapy.

Background There is no standard treatment recommended at category 1 level in international guidelines for subsequent therapy after cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6) based therapy. We aimed to evaluate which subsequent treatment oncologists prefer in patients with disease progression under CDKi. In addition, we aimed to show the effectiveness of systemic treatments after CDKi and whether there is a survival difference between hormonal treatments (monotherapy vs. mTOR-based). Methods A total of 609 patients from 53 centers were included in the study. Progression-free-survivals (PFS) of subsequent treatments (chemotherapy (CT, n:434) or endocrine therapy (ET, n:175)) after CDKi were calculated. Patients were evaluated in three groups as those who received CDKi in first-line (group A, n:202), second-line (group B, n: 153) and >= 3rd-line (group C, n: 254). PFS was compared according to the use of ET and CT. In addition, ET was compared as monotherapy versus everolimus-based combination therapy. Results The median duration of CDKi in the ET arms of Group A, B, and C was 17.0, 11.0, and 8.5 months in respectively; it was 9.0, 7.0, and 5.0 months in the CT arm. Median PFS after CDKi was 9.5 (5.0-14.0) months in the ET arm of group A, and 5.3 (3.9-6.8) months in the CT arm (p = 0.073). It was 6.7 (5.8-7.7) months in the ET arm of group B, and 5.7 (4.6-6.7) months in the CT arm (p = 0.311). It was 5.3 (2.5-8.0) months in the ET arm of group C and 4.0 (3.5-4.6) months in the CT arm (p = 0.434). Patients who received ET after CDKi were compared as those who received everolimus-based combination therapy versus those who received monotherapy ET: the median PFS in group A, B, and C was 11.0 vs. 5.9 (p = 0.047), 6.7 vs. 5.0 (p = 0.164), 6.7 vs. 3.9 (p = 0.763) months. Conclusion Physicians preferred CT rather than ET in patients with early progression under CDKi. It has been shown that subsequent ET after CDKi can be as effective as CT. It was also observed that better PFS could be achieved with the subsequent everolimus-based treatments after first-line CDKi compared to monotherapy ET