Comparison of Some Behavioural Responses in Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) Raised in Cages Enriched with Coloured LED Lights

Simple Summary In this study, the environment of hand-raised budgerigars in captivity (people's homes) was simulated. We investigated the effect of coloured LED lights in addition to natural light on the behaviour of the birds. For birds raised by humans, the light in houses is significantly different from the lighting conditions in a bird's natural habitat. This may lead to behavioural and health problems in birds, adversely affecting their wellbeing. This study investigated how white, blue, yellow, and red LED lights applied at the beginning of the dark cycle of the photoperiod affected the behaviours of budgerigars. The results indicated that when offered the opportunity, the birds chose yellow light. The open field tests (OFT I and II) were used to assess the locomotion and exploratory behaviour of birds. The results of the OFT I test, which was performed with an unfamiliar object, indicated that the group experiencing yellow light was more self-confident. The birds in cages with blue light felt more comfortable and displayed more social behaviour. People will be able to use this new information to improve the living conditions of their pet budgerigars. This study examined the effects of exposure to coloured LED lights on some behavioural responses, food and water consumption, and live weight in budgerigars kept in captivity using behavioural tests to compare different lighting conditions. Budgerigars' feeding, comfort, social, fear, and resting behaviours and behavioural reactions to a new environment were studied. Twelve male birds were assigned to four groups, with three birds in each group. They were provided with food and water ad libitum in wire cages at 25 +/- 2 degrees C in a room. The study was conducted with 10 h of natural light, 6 h of LED light (white, blue, yellow, and red LED lights), and 8 h of darkness. Their behaviours in the cages were observed. Home cage avoidance (HCA) and two open field tests (OFT) were performed. No difference was observed in the LW and food consumption, but the blue and yellow groups consumed less water. The blue group displayed more comfort and social behaviours. In the HCA test, the red group demonstrated higher reactions. Furthermore, the birds in the yellow group stayed closer to the centre of the platform in the OFT I test, and they chose the compartment simulating their familiar environment in the OFT II test. Consequently, it was concluded that first yellow and then blue lights may be used to prevent stress-related problems for these birds. Our findings could be used to improve the hand-rearing conditions of captive budgerigars

Effect of Different Extenders on Sperm Motility and Vitality in Goose Semen Cryopreservation

This study aimed to investigate the usability of different diluents containing 6% Dimethylformamide (DMF) for cryo-preservation of the semen of geese (Anser cygnoides). The diluents of Glucose (G), Tris-Glucose (T), Lactated Ringer’s-Glucose (LG), and Lactated Ringer’s (L), all of which contained 6% DMF, were used as cryoprotectants. The researchers collected semen samples from four geese, twice a week over a four-week period, by means of abdominal massage; they then calculated how much sperm each goose ejaculated. Next, the semen samples were pooled and their spermatological parameters were determined. Their volume (4x (mL)), concentration (×108/mL), pH, motility (%), and vitality (%) rates were 0.31±0.01, 3.49±0.32, 7.13±1.06, 67.75±1.28, and 70.00±2.03, respectively. Then, these pooled semen samples were equally divided into four groups. Once they were frozen and thawed, the researchers discovered that the diluent L had the highest motility rate: 40.12% ± 1.35. The motility rates of the other diluents were as follows: LG (28.25%± 1.48), G (21.50% ± 1.41), and T (5.12% ± 0.83). Likewise, the vitality rates (%) of the diluents were as follows: L (41.93% ±1.87), LG (31.50%±1.88), G (29.43% ±1.45), and T (10.56%±1.34), respectively. Freezing and thawing appeared to lower each diluent’s vitality and motility rates. However, for the Lactated Ringer’s (L), this decrease was predictable. Therefore, Lactated Ringer’s diluent containing 6% DMF can be used in cryo-preservation of goose semen. © 2022, Fundacao APINCO de Ciencia e Tecnologia Avicolas. All rights reserved

MOBİLYA TEST TEKNİKLERİNİN ÜLKEMİZDEKİ DURUMU VE UYGULANMASININ ÖNEMİ

Mobilya testleri, mobilyaların kullanım yerlerindeki fonksiyonlarının gerçekleşmesini ölçen testlerdir. Gunumuzde Türkiyedeki çeşitli fabrikalarda mobilyanin kalite kontrolu yapilmakta olup, bu kontroller genellikle basit duzeyde ve cogunlukla görsel olarak gerçekleştirilmektedir. Oysa Amerika ve Avrupa ulkelerinde bu kontroller cesitli testlerle yapilmadir. Ülkemizde buna benzer testlerin yapıldığı bir test laboratuvarı yalnızca Inegölde ilk ve tek olarak kurulmustur. Bu gibi laboratuarlarda mobilyalarin dayanimi daha optimum olarak olculmekte ve tuketicilerin ihtiyacını karşılayan ürünleri seçmesine olanak sunmaktadir. Ancak ülkemizdeki orta ve küçük ölçekli mobilya üreticileri bu testlerin varligi yada onemini bilmemektedirler. Ulkemiz mobilya ureticileri bazi Ortadogu ve Asya ülkelerine belli bir hacimde ihracat yapmakta ve ülke ekonomisine önemli düzeyde katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu hacim kaliteli ve belli standartlar eşliğinde test edilmiş mobilyalarla istenilen duzeye yukseltilebilir

A study on the organization and management systems of Turkish shipping companies

The Turkish maritime posture is changing rapidly. Turkish shipowners now have over 30.3 millions DWT fleet and modern and big size ships replacing old vessels. The quantity and quality of the ports and terminals are significantly increasing. The shipping companies are reorganizing to adapt themselves for new operational and economic requirements. Better organizations and management systems are required to support this modernized fleet and improving shore facilities.The shipping companies are the leading element of the shipping sector. They play a crucial role in understanding existing and future requirements for national maritime industry and they develop plans, programmes and policies to survive in today’s challenging world.The shipping sector introduces a volatile character and it is not transparent. Therefore, it is not so easy to gather information on all the aspects of the shipping companies such as financial status, future plans and strategies. On the other hand, it is relatively easier to collect information on organization and management systems of the companies, which provide significant information on their capabilities and modus operandi.In this study it is intended to make a SWOT analysis of these companies based on their organization and management systems, using the expertise and different views of the professionals.  In light of the results of the analysis, some findings which may lead to future studies are also discussed