APPLICATION OF STEM CELLS AND PRECURSOR CELLS FOR STIMULATION OF ORGAN REVASCULARIZATION AND REGENERATION

Different angiogenic factors induced angiogenesis stimulation in ischemic tissues stays in the focus of scientific research for long time. The key role in ischemic angiogenesis belongs to endothelial precursor cells, plenty of which are reserved in bone marrow. Resident endothelial precursor cells are also found in some tissues and in circulation. These cells are involved in neoangiogenesis as well. Theoretically, injection of exogeneous endothelial precusor cells might contribute to restoration of circulation in the ischemic organ. Various types of cells have been approved for regeneration stimulation in a number of experimental protocols. A various degree of improvement of myocardial contractive function has been obtained as a universal result of these investigations, though the mechanisms underlying observed effect remain evasive. The paper focuses on advantages and drawbacks of embryonic, hematopoetic and mesenhimal stem cells application for angiogenesis stimulation and organs and tissues regeneration

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ СТВОЛОВЫХ КЛЕТОК И КЛЕТОК-ПРЕДШЕСТВЕННИКОВ ДЛЯ СТИМУЛЯЦИИ РЕВАСКУЛЯРИЗАЦИИ И РЕГЕНЕРАЦИИ ОРГАНОВ

Different angiogenic factors induced angiogenesis stimulation in ischemic tissues stays in the focus of scientific research for long time. The key role in ischemic angiogenesis belongs to endothelial precursor cells, plenty of which are reserved in bone marrow. Resident endothelial precursor cells are also found in some tissues and in circulation. These cells are involved in neoangiogenesis as well. Theoretically, injection of exogeneous endothelial precusor cells might contribute to restoration of circulation in the ischemic organ. Various types of cells have been approved for regeneration stimulation in a number of experimental protocols. A various degree of improvement of myocardial contractive function has been obtained as a universal result of these investigations, though the mechanisms underlying observed effect remain evasive. The paper focuses on advantages and drawbacks of embryonic, hematopoetic and mesenhimal stem cells application for angiogenesis stimulation and organs and tissues regeneration. Стимуляция ангиогенеза в ишемизированных тканях путем воздействия различными ангиогенными факторами долгое время остается в центре внимания ученых. Ключевую роль в процессе неоангиогенеза при ишемии играют эндотелиальные клетки-предшественники, богатейшим резервуаром которых является костный мозг. Однако в некоторых тканях или в снабжающих орган кровеносных сосудах содержатся резидентные эндотелиальные клетки-предшественники, которые также участвуют в неоангиогенезе. Теоретически экзогенное введение клеток-предшественников эндотелиоцитов может способствовать восстановлению кровоснабжения органа. В ряде экспериментальных протоколов в целях стимуляции регенерации миокарда были апробированы различные типы клеток. В результате исследований был получен универсальный результат в виде улучшения сократительной функции сердца в различной степени, но механизмы этого эффекта трансплантации различных типов клеток остаются малоизученными. В статье рассматриваются преимущества и недостатки применения эмбриональных, гематопоэтических и мезенхимальных стволовых клеток с целью стимуляции ангиогенеза и регенерации органов и тканей.

Production of biodiesel fuel from vegetable raw materials

One way to reduce the amount of harmful emissions from diesel fuel could be the replacement of part of the fuel with biofuel. Research is related to the production of biodiesel fuel in three ways: transesterification of vegetable oils; esterification of fat acids extracted from vegetable oil; and hydroprocessing of vegetable oils using catalysts in the diesel hydrotreatment process. Food and non-food oils, monatomic and diatomic alcohols were used to produce biodiesel fuel. Optimal parameters of vegetable oil transesterification have been determined: temperature; raw material ratio (oil/alcohol); mixing speed; time; type of process catalyst. The characteristics of the obtained biodiesel fuel samples were studied and compared with each other as well as with the requirements of EN 14214 “Automotive fuels. Fat acid methyl ethers for diesel engines. General technical requirements” and EN 590:2009 “EURO diesel fuel. Technical specifications”. With regard to the physical and chemical characteristics of biodiesel fuel, the best way to produce it is by transesterification of vegetable oils. However, all fuels can be used as components of a blended environmentally friendly diesel fuel

Justification of the use of a vegetal additive to diesel fuel as a method of protecting underground personnel of coal mines from the impact of harmful emissions of diesel-hydraulic locomotives

Equipment with diesel engines is used in all mining enterprises. Monorail diesel transport is of great importance in coal mines, as it facilitates the heavy labor of workers when transporting materials and people, fixing mining workings, refueling and repairing equipment, which leads to an increase in the speed of tunneling operations. Reducing the concentration of harmful gases from diesel-hydraulic locomotives at the workplaces of coal mine locomotive drivers can be ensured by the use of additives to diesel fuel that reduce the volume of harmful gas emissions during the operation of diesel-hydraulic locomotives. Additive ester-based on vegetal oil in the amount of 5 mass % in a mixture with hydrotreated diesel fuel reduces the concentration of carbon monoxide by 19-60 %, nitrogen oxides by 17-98 %, depending on the operating mode of the engine, the smoke content of the exhaust gases is reduced to 71 %. There is an improvement in working conditions at the workplace of the driver of a diesel-hydraulic locomotive by the chemical factor due to the reduction of the class of working conditions from 3.1. to 2

Spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks collected from wild animals in Israel

We report molecular evidence for the presence of spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) in ticks collected from roe deer, addax, red foxes, and wild boars in Israel. Rickettsia aeschlimannii was detected in Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma detritum while Rickettsia massiliae was present in Rhipicephalus turanicus ticks. Furthermore, a novel uncultured SFGR was detected in Haemaphysalis adleri and Haemaphysalis parva ticks from golden jackals. The pathogenicity of the novel SFGR for humans is unknown; however, the presence of multiple SFGR agents should be considered when serological surveillance data from Israel are interpreted because of significant antigenic cross-reactivity among Rickettsia. The epidemiology and ecology of SFGR in Israel appear to be more complicated than was previously believed. Copyright © 2011 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Task-Based Language Learning and Teaching and Active Methods of Teaching a Foreign Language

Низкая мотивация студентов или ее отсутствие является первостепенной проблемой современных преподавателей. Зачастую ученики не видят связи между тем, что они изучают и реальной жизнью. Таким образом, необходимо пробовать новые методы обучения иностранному языку, каковым является task-based learning. Обучение языку на основе задач - это подход, направленный на то, чтобы предоставить учащимся естественный контекст для использования языка. Когда учащиеся работают над выполнением задания, у них появляется множество возможностей для взаимодействия. Считается, что такое взаимодействие облегчает овладение языком, поскольку учащиеся должны работать над тем, чтобы понимать друг друга. В статье разрабатывается и анализируется эффективность подхода к обучению, основанного на задачах, для развития навыков говорения учащихся в академической среде.Low motivation of students or its absence is a paramount problem of modern teachers. Often, students do not see the connection between what they are learning and real life. Thus, it is necessary to try new methods of teaching a foreign language, which is task-based learning. Task-based language learning is an approach that aims to provide learners with a natural context for language use. When students work on an assignment, they have many opportunities for interaction. This interaction is believed to facilitate language acquisition, as students must work to understand each other. The article develops and analyzes the effectiveness of a task-based learning approach for developing students' speaking skills in an academic environment

Ground Beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) Assemblages Features Formation in Large and Medium Industrial Cities of Russia (The Case Study in Kazan, Kemerovo and Grozny)

The article presents the results of the analysis of the Carabid fauna of three cities: Grozny, Kemerovo, Kazan. It was established that communities of ground beetles clearly respond to varying degrees of recreation by changing the biotopic distribution and ecological structure: the emergence of super dominant species, a decrease in the abundance of zoophages, an increase in the share of stratobionts, and the presence of indicator species

The relevance of topical drugs endaural use in otosurgical practice

Introduction. Preoperative, in particular, antiseptic, preparation of the external auditory canal (EAC) is an important issue for the otosurgeon to take in mind, especially with endaural approach.The aim of the study is to assess the skin microbiota of the EAC and the effectiveness of antiseptic treatment before endaural intervention.Materials and methods. A prospective study including 19 patients who underwent ear surgery by endaural approach: 10 stapedoplasty; 9 tympanoplasty. Ear swabs culture were taken from all the patients preoperatively and after removing the tamponade. Of the 10 patients with otosclerosis, 5 underwent skin preparation with 10% povidone iodine and a swab culture.Results. According to the microbiological examination results, Staphulacoccus Auricularis prevailed in the first smear - 52.6%. In 5 patients with otosclerosis, in comparison to the 1st swab: one case with absence of microorganisms growth, in the other 4 -decrease in the degree of contamination by half. In the 3rd swab, there was no growth in these patients and in the rest, who didn't undergo antiseptic preparation. Patients, without antiseptic preparation of the ear canal, after tympanoplasty (9 patients) in the second smear, had an increase of contamination (from 105 to 106 CFU/ml).Conclusions. Analysis of the microbiome before and after the operation revealed the growth of predominantly (94.7%) opportunistic microorganisms. Preoperative antiseptic preparation reduces the degree of contamination of the skin, which, in our opinion, prevents complications and improves the healing process

T-bet syndrome-associated bronchial asthma phenotype

We aimed to evaluate a significance of T-bet transcription factor in bronchial asthma (BA). A total of 102 patients with BA were examined. The control group was represented by healthy subjects (21 people). The study model was represented by peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated in a density gradient with standard method. It was found that some patients were characterized by high levels of transcription factor T-bet expression (T-bet > 1.0). The bronchial asthma patients with increased T-bet expression were moir often characterized by the severe disease, requiring therapy with systemic glucocorticoids and β2-agonists, did not have genetic predisposal for allergic diseases, the majority of them had excess body weight and concomitant morbidity (mainly, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and endocrine disorders). The study of rs324011 polymorphism of STAT6 protein gene in these patients revealed CC and CT genotypes, mostly observed in severe BA. Moreover, they were observed in 100% patients with severe clinical course of BA. A positive correlation was found between the number of T allele presentation in loci, and BA severity (r = 0.88, p = 0.002), as well as between the distribution by genotype (CC-CT/TT), and absolute (counts per one L), and relative (%) number of eosinophils in the sputum (r = 0.79, p = 0.034). The detected associations may be referred to as “T-bet elevation syndrome”, being based on the phenomenon of “genetically determined heterogeneity of signaling system defects”. In individuals with an increased T-bet expression, a significant elevation of transcription factors STAT6 and STAT4 was also detected. Taken together, the presented data indicate that this phenomenon reflects a disturbance of the Th1 / Th2 balance, due to increase in both Th1 and Th2 transcriptional activity. Thus, the patients with bronchial asthma with increased expression of T-bet transcription factor revealed a symptom complex, which we have called “T-bet elevation syndrome” (T-bet > 1.0), which is characterized mainly by severe disease and a certain phenotype of patients. Most likely, this feature is caused by genetically determined defects of signaling systems. High T-bet expression has been observed in young patients with mild BA and can be a prognostic sign