47 research outputs found
The Effect of Moclobemide, Reversible Inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase-A, on the Alcoholized Rat Brain
This experiment was carried out to demonstrate the effect of moclobemide on the brains of rats fed on a diet containing alcohol. Thirty male rats, 200-250 g were used. Rats were fed with a diet (milk) containing ethyl alcohol (10%) in the alcohol-only treated group and were injected subcutaneously with moclobemide (30 mg/kg) in the alcohol + moclobemide treated group daily for 21 days. It is found that the serum ethanol level in the aicohol + moclobemide treated group was significantly higher than in alcohol-only treated group at the end of the experiment. Electron microscopic examination revealed more prominent neurotoxicity in the alcohol tmoclobemide treated group than in alcohol-only treated group. We concluded that moclobemide decreases the elimination of ethanol, However, more studies are needed to demonstrate its mechanism
Comparative Analysis of Apoptotic Resistance of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Human Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue
Aim. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from human bone marrow (hBM) and adipose tissue (hAT) are perceived as attractive sources of stem cells for cell therapy. The aim of this study was to compare MSCs from hBM and hAT for their immunocytochemistry staining and resistance to in vitro apoptosis. Methods. In our study, we investigated the antiapoptotic ability of these MSCs toward oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and serum deprivation. Results were assessed by MTT and flow cytometry. All experiments were repeated a minimum of three times. Results. Flow cytometry and MTT analysis revealed that hAT-MSCs exhibited a higher resistance toward H2O2-induced apoptosis (n = 3, hBM-hAT viability H2O2 58.43 ± 1.24–73.02 ± 1.44, P < 0.02) and to serum-deprivation-induced apoptosis at days 1 and 4 than the hBM-MSCs (n = 3, hAT-hBM absorbance, resp., day 1: 0.305 ± 0.027–0.234 ± 0.015, P = 0.029, day 4: 0.355 ± 0.003–0.318 ± 0.007, P = 0.001, and day 7: 0.400 ± 0.017–0.356 ± 0.008, P = 0.672). hAT-MSCs showed superior tolerance to oxidative stress triggered by 2 mmol/L H2O2 and also have superior antiapoptosis capacity toward serum-free culture. Conclusion. In this study we found that hAT-MSCs are more resistant to in vitro apoptosis
Immunosuppressive and Anti-apoptotic Properties of Pancreatic Islet Derived Stem Cells
Several studies have been reported on the in vitro expansion of stem cells from pancreatic islet (PI-SCs) cultures and on the differentiation of these SCs into multi-lineage cells. These mesenchymal-type cells which exhibit no hormone expression could then be induced to differentiate into hormone-expressing islet-like cell aggregates. It has been shown that human islet-derived precursor cells (hIPCs) were a type of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). Newly we and some other research groups showed that nestin-positive progenitor/stem cells isolated from islets of human and murine pancreas have phenotypic markers identical to MSCs from bone marrow and that are able to proliferate and differentiate into insulin-producing cells in vitro. We also searched for the transcripts of Oct-4, Rex-1 and Sox-2, because these genes are generally known to be the master regulators of stem cell renewal and differentiation and were expressed by rat pancreatic islet-derived progenitor/stem cells. Therefore, based on our positive outcomes we called them as pancreatic islet-derived stem cells (PI-SCs). We showed by RT-PCR that the nestin-positive cells in the pancreatic islets express neither the hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, or pancreatic polypeptide, nor the markers of embryonic development of endocrine pancreas. Recent studies also recommend that MSCs possess the dual ability to suppress and/or activate the immune responses depending on stimulus to which they are exposed. In addition, MSCs was shown to induce the production of Treg and it was suggested that they could play a potential role in treatment of autoimmune diseases. We studied the protective role of islet derived stem cells in the apoptosis of beta cells. After co-culture of damaged pancreatic islets with pancreatic islet derived stem cells, the expression of regulatory proteins in apoptosis, like Bcl3, TNIP1 (TNFAIP3 interacting protein 1) and MAPKAPK2, were increased under stress in pancreatic islets (unpublished data). The number of viable cells and insulin secretion capacity were preserved in the co culture with stem cells, whereas necrotic bodies were formed in the absence of the stem cells. Under the light of all these findings, SCs of islets like BM-MSCs might have the immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory roles, anti-apoptotic effects and a key function in the evolvement of type 1 diabetes. Therefore, strategies targeting the islet derived MSCs for the correction of the β-cell loss in type 1 diabetes should be established to prevent the destruction of β-cells
Cell therapies for autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review of clinical applications
Abstract Purpose Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects patients’ ability to communicate, engage with others, and behave in certain ways. Despite the existence of several therapy possibilities, an effective treatment for ASD has not yet been identified. Cell therapies have been becoming increasingly recognized in recent years as a potential therapeutic approach for the management of ASD. Different types of cellular products are transplanted using different delivery methods as part of cell therapy, which has the ability to regulate the immune system, demonstrate paracrine, neuro-regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative stress effects, as well as transfer healthy mitochondria. We have compared the results and findings of completed cell therapy clinical trials for the treatment of ASD in this systematic review. Methods A total of 547 studies were identified, in which 11 studies were found to be eligible to be included in this review as they were completed cell therapy clinical trials or clinical applications with quantitative results for the treatment of ASD patients. Results This systematic review provides an overview of clinical trials conducted with different types of cell therapy strategies for the treatment of ASD and their potential mechanisms of action. The limitations and future possibilities for this field of study, as well as the safety and efficacy of cell treatments in ASD, were reviewed. Conclusion Overall, the evidence suggests that various cell therapy methods may offer a novel and effective treatment option for individuals with ASD, although further research is needed to fully understand the optimal treatment strategy and therapeutic potential
Skeletal muscle patch engineering on synthetic and acellular human skeletal muscle originated scaffolds
The reconstruction of skeletal muscle tissue is currently performed by transplanting a muscle tissue graft from local or distant sites of the patient's body, but this practice leads to donor site morbidity in case of large defects. With the aim of providing an alternative treatment approach, skeletal muscle tissue formation potential of human myoblasts and human menstrual blood derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMB-MSCs) on synthetic [poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone), 70:30] scaffolds with oriented microfibers, human muscle extracellular matrix (ECM), and their hybrids was investigated in this study. The reactive muscle ECM pieces were chemically crosslinked to the synthetic scaffolds to produce the hybrids. Cell proliferation assay WST-1, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and immunostaining were carried out after culturing the cells on the scaffolds. The ECM and the synthetic scaffolds were effective in promoting spontaneous myotube formation from human myoblasts. Anisotropic muscle patch formation was more successful when human myoblasts were grown on the synthetic scaffolds. Nonetheless, spontaneous differentiation could not be induced in hMB-MSCs on any type of the scaffolds. Human myoblast-synthetic scaffold combination is promising as a skeletal muscle patch, and can be improved further to serve as a fast integrating functional patch by introducing vascular and neuronal networks to the structure. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 879-890, 2017
IL-6 originated from breast cancer tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells may contribute to carcinogenesis
Tumor microenvironment is an important factor, which sustains and promotes the tumors by inflammatory signals. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known as a multifunctional cytokine, which is a major activator of the signaling pathway of Janus kinases (JAKs)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of IL-6 in the tumor microenvironment on carcinogenesis. For this purpose, healthy breast tissue-derived stromal cells (HBT-SCs) and malign breast tissue-derived stromal cells (MBT-SCs) were co-cultured with MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma cell line) cells using semipermeable membranes. The cell proliferation was monitored with water-soluble tetrazolium (WST) and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) assays. Protein levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot hybridization, while gene expressions were measured by real-time PCR. The results demonstrated that IL-6 protein levels increased significantly in the supernatants of MBT-SCs when they were co-cultured with MCF-7 cells. In accordance with this, the expression of IL-6 was significantly higher in MBT-SCs. Additionally, the expression of STAT3 in MCF-7 cells increased slightly when they were co-cultured with MBT-SCs. Considering together, there is an important interaction between tumor microenvironment and tumor cells mediated by IL-6 signaling. Thereby, the targeting on IL-6 signaling in the treatment of cancer might effectively prevent the tumor progression