341 research outputs found
Plastron properties of a superhydrophobic surface
Most insects and spiders drown when submerged during flooding or tidal inundation, but some are able to survive and others can remain submerged indefinitely without harm. Many achieve this by natural adaptations to their surface morphology to trap films of air, creating plastrons which fix the water-vapor interface and provide an incompressible oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange surface. Here the authors demonstrate how the surface of an extremely water-repellent foam mimics this mechanism of underwater respiration and allows direct extraction of oxygen from aerated water. The biomimetic principle demonstrated can be applied to a wide variety of man-made superhydrophobic materials
LOCAL DISTORTIONS AND VOLUME CHANGES IN SEMICONDUCTORS - DONORS IN SILICON
Experiments giving impurity-induced lattice distortion can measure quite distinct quantities. In particular EXAFS (extended X-ray fine structure) measures nearest-neighbour distances, whereas both volume changes and recent spectroscopic data measure long-range displacements. The relationship between the two depends strongly on the inter-atomic potential. The authors analyse this for impurities in silicon by adopting a variety of current potentials. There is a significant contradiction between the EXAFS results and the other experiments for all of the inter-atomic potentials. This problem may be associated with the high oxygen concentrations of Czochralski crystals used in the EXAFS study
Porous materials show superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic switching
Switching between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity in porous materials was predicted theoretically and demonstrated experimentally with the example of thermally induced contact angle change; tunability of this system was also demonstrated
Bromination of Graphene and Graphite
We present a density functional theory study of low density bromination of
graphene and graphite, finding significantly different behaviour in these two
materials. On graphene we find a new Br2 form where the molecule sits
perpendicular to the graphene sheet with an extremely strong molecular dipole.
The resultant Br+-Br- has an empty pz-orbital located in the graphene
electronic pi-cloud. Bromination opens a small (86meV) band gap and strongly
dopes the graphene. In contrast, in graphite we find Br2 is most stable
parallel to the carbon layers with a slightly weaker associated charge transfer
and no molecular dipole. We identify a minimum stable Br2 concentration in
graphite, finding low density bromination to be endothermic. Graphene may be a
useful substrate for stabilising normally unstable transient molecular states
Spontaneous Breakdown of Superhydrophobicity
In some cases water droplets can completely wet micro-structured
superhydrophobic surfaces. The {\it dynamics} of this rapid process is analyzed
by ultra-high-speed imaging. Depending on the scales of the micro-structure,
the wetting fronts propagate smoothly and circularly or -- more interestingly
-- in a {\it stepwise} manner, leading to a growing {\it square-shaped} wetted
area: entering a new row perpendicular to the direction of front propagation
takes milliseconds, whereas once this has happened, the row itself fills in
microseconds ({\it ``zipping''})Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter
Dual-scale roughness produces unusually water-repellent surfaces
Super-hydrophobicity can be achieved on relatively smooth surfaces. Short, wide pillars on slightly rough surfaces are shown to produce super-hydrophobic surfaces (see Figure) where neither the pillars nor the slight roughness suffice alone. This use of two length scales to create super-hydrophobic surfaces directly mimics the mechanism used by some plants including the lotus
Topography driven spreading
Roughening a hydrophobic surface enhances its nonwetting properties into superhydrophobicity. For liquids other than water, roughness can induce a complete rollup of a droplet. However, topographic effects can also enhance partial wetting by a given liquid into complete wetting to create superwetting. In this work, a model system of spreading droplets of a nonvolatile liquid on surfaces having lithographically produced pillars is used to show that superwetting also modifies the dynamics of spreading. The edge speed-dynamic contact angle relation is shown to obey a simple power law, and such power laws are shown to apply to naturally occurring surfaces
Menkul kıymetler borsalarındaki mevsimselliklerin İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsası’nda (İMKB) incelenmesi
Ankara : Bilkent Univ., 1993.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 1993.Includes bibliographical references leaves 64-65.This study empirically examines stock market seasonality in the
Istanbul Stock Exchange Market (IMKB) , Turkey. Current evidence
from the studies for other capital markets around the world provides
that there are strong seasonalities in the stock returns in most of these
capital markets. The seasonality , when it exists, is associated with
the turn of the year, the week, as well as with holidays. The turn of the
week effect appears to be negative on Monday or Tuesday returns;
turn of the year effect appears to be high for January or April
returns;and holiday effect appears to have higher returns on the trading
days prior to holidays in most of the capital markets in developed
countries.
This study, however, presents the evidence that so called
weekend effect and the day-of-the-week effect do not exist in IMKB.
The mean returns on Thursdays are negative and it cannot be accepted
statistically. I find a turn of the year effect with high January returns
and holiday effect with high mean returns, averaging four times the
mean return for the remaining days of the year as in the other capital
markets.
The returns for the IMKB daily index for 1988-1991 period are
examined in this study, as well as the weekend and turn of the year
effect for the individual stocks of 29 large and 34 small firms.Erbil, A. FuatM.S
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