Local Difference Measures between Complex Networks for Dynamical System Model Evaluation

Acknowledgments We thank Reik V. Donner for inspiring suggestions that initialized the work presented herein. Jan H. Feldhoff is credited for providing us with the STARS simulation data and for his contributions to fruitful discussions. Comments by the anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged as they led to substantial improvements of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Link-Prediction to Tackle the Boundary Specification Problem in Social Network Surveys

Diffusion processes in social networks often cause the emergence of global phenomena from individual behavior within a society. The study of those global phenomena and the simulation of those diffusion processes frequently require a good model of the global network. However, survey data and data from online sources are often restricted to single social groups or features, such as age groups, single schools, companies, or interest groups. Hence, a modeling approach is required that extrapolates the locally restricted data to a global network model. We tackle this Missing Data Problem using Link-Prediction techniques from social network research, network generation techniques from the area of Social Simulation, as well as a combination of both. We found that techniques employing less information may be more adequate to solve this problem, especially when data granularity is an issue. We validated the network models created with our techniques on a number of real-world networks, investigating degree distributions as well as the likelihood of links given the geographical distance between two nodes

Toxikokinetische Studien zur Bildung von Ethylenoxid aus Ethylen bei männlichen Sprague-Dawley- und Fischer-344-Ratten.

Das Industriegas Ethylen (ET) wird zu dem kanzerogenen Ethylenoxid (EO) metabolisiert. Da bei der Ratte nur wenige Messdaten zur ET-bedingten EO-Belastung vorlagen, wurden an diesem Tiermodell mittels einer neuen GC/MSD-Methode die EO-Blutkonzentrationen bestimmt, die aus ET-Expositionskonzentrationen zwischen 1 und 10000 ppm resultieren. Im Fließgleichgewicht liegen sie zwischen 0,014 und 1,37 µmol/l. Bei ET-Konzentrationen oberhalb von 300 ppm fanden sich kurz nach Expositionsbeginn hohe EO-Konzentrationen, die rasch auf ein Plateau abfielen. Mittels einer neuen LC-MS/MS-Methode zur Quantifizierung des Glutathionaddukts von EO in der Leber und durch Untersuchung der CYP2E1-Aktivität in Abhängigkeit von der ET-Konzentration wurde als einzige Ursache des Abfalls der initial hohen EO-Bildung eine Hemmung der CYP2E1-Aktivität nachgewiesen

Die Struktur der DTSB-Mitglieder und der Sportabzeichenerwerber in ihren Beziehungen zur Bevoelkerungsstruktur Magdeburgs eine vergleichende sozial-demographische Analyse als Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Planung und Leitung der Koerperkultur in einer sozialistischen Grossstadt

DB Leipzig(101) - Di 1967 B 2364 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

The Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Analogue L51P Enhances Spinal Fusion in Combination with BMP2 in an In Vivo Rat Tail Model.

Bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2) is known to induce osteogenesis and is applied clinically to enhance spinal fusion despite adverse effects. BMP2 needs to be used in high doses to be effective due to the presence of BMP2 inhibitors. L51P is a BMP2 analogue that acts by inhibition of BMP2 inhibitors. Here, we hypothesized that mixtures of BMP2 and L51P could achieve better spinal fusion outcomes regarding ossification. To test whether mixtures of both cytokines are sufficient to improve ossification, 45 elderly Wistar rats (of which 21 were males) were assigned to seven experimental groups, all which received spinal fusion surgery, including discectomy at the caudal 4-5 level using an external fixator and a porous β-tricalcium phosphate (βTCP) carrier. These βTCP carriers were coated with varying concentrations of BMP2 and L51P. X-rays were taken immediately after surgery and again six and twelve weeks post-operatively. Histological sections and µCT were analyzed after twelve weeks. Spinal fusion was assessed using X-ray, µCT and histology according to the Bridwell scale by voxel-based quantification and a semi-quantitative histological score, respectively. The results were congruent across modalities and revealed high ossification for high-dose BMP2 (10 µg), while PBS induced no ossification. Low-dose BMP2 (1 µg) or 10 µg L51P alone did not induce relevant bone formation. However, all combinations of low-dose BMP2 with L51P (1 µg + 1/5/10 µg) were able to induce similar ossificationas high-dose BMP2. These results are of high clinical relevance, as they indicate L51P is sufficient to increase the efficacy of BMP2 and thus lower the required dose for spinal fusion. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Spinal fusion surgery is frequently applied to treat spinal pathologies. Bone Morphogenic Protein-2 (BMP2) has been approved by the U .S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA-) and by the "Conformité Européenne" (CE)-label. However, its application is expensive and high concentrations cause side-effects. This research targets the improvement of the efficacy of BMP2 in spinal fusion surgery

Die Stellung und Bedeutung des Wettkampfes im Volkssport eine empirische Untersuchung ueber das Real- und Wunschverhalten von Erwachsenen in Volkssport-Gruppen zur sportlichen Leistungsueberpruefung und zum sportlichen Wettkampf

DB Leipzig(101) - Di 1968 B 4033 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman