38,807 research outputs found
The effect direction plot: visual display of non-standardised effects across multiple outcome domains
Visual display of reported impacts is a valuable aid to both reviewers and readers of systematic reviews. Forest plots are routinely prepared to report standardised effect sizes, but where standardised effect sizes are not available for all included studies a forest plot may misrepresent the available evidence. Tabulated data summaries to accompany the narrative synthesis can be lengthy and inaccessible. Moreover, the link between the data and the synthesis conclusions may be opaque.
This paper details the preparation of visual summaries of effect direction for multiple outcomes across 29 quantitative studies of the health impacts of housing improvement. A one page summary of reported health outcomes was prepared to accompany a 10 000-word narrative synthesis. The one page summary included details of study design, internal validity, sample size, time of follow-up, as well as changes in intermediate outcomes, for example, housing condition. This approach to visually summarising complex data can aid the reviewer in cross-study analysis and improve accessibility and transparency of the narrative synthesis where standardised effect sizes are not available
Scalar and vector self-energies of heavy baryons in nuclear medium
The in-medium sum rules are employed to calculate the shifts in the mass and
residue as well as the scalar and vector self-energies of the heavy and baryons, with Q being or quark. The maximum shift
in mass due to nuclear matter belongs to the baryon and it is found
to be . In the case of residue, it is
obtained that the residue of baryon is maximally affected by the
nuclear medium with the shift .
The scalar and vector self-energies are found to be , , , , , and , ,
, , and
.Comment: 13 Pages, 11 Figures and 5 Table
Positive and negative parity hyperons in nuclear medium
The effects of nuclear medium on the residue, mass and self energy of the
positive and negative parity , and hyperons are
investigated using the QCD sum rule method. In the calculations, the general
interpolating currents of hyperons with an arbitrary mixing parameter are used.
We compare the results obtained in medium with those of the vacuum and
calculate the shifts in the corresponding parameters. It is found that the
shifts on the residues in nuclear matter are over all positive for both the
positive and negative parity hyperons, except for the positive parity
hyperon that the shift is negative. The shifts on the masses of these baryons
are obtained to be negative. The shifts on the residues and masses of negative
parity states are large compared to those of positive parities. The maximum
shift belongs to the residue of the negative parity hyperon. The
vector self-energies gained by the positive parity baryons are large compared
to the negative parities' vector self-energies. The maximum value of the vector
self-energy belongs to the positive parity hyperon. The numerical
values are compared with the existing predictions in the literature.Comment: 20 Pages, 9 Figures and 7 Table
More about the and mesons in nuclear matter
We calculate the shifts in decay constants of the pseudoscalar and
mesons in nuclear medium in the frame work of QCD sum rules. We write those
shifts in terms of the and scattering lengths and an extra
phenomenological parameter entered to calculations. Computing an appreciate
forward scattering correlation function, we derive the QCD sum rules for the
and scattering lengths and the extra phenomenological parameter in
terms of various operators in nuclear medium. We numerically find the values of
the shifts in the decay constants compared to their vacuum values. Using the
sum rules obtained, we also determine the shifts in the masses of these
particles due to nuclear matter and compare the results obtained with the
previous predictions in the literature.Comment: 16 Pages, 4 Figures and 3 Table
Model of unidirectional block formation leading to reentrant ventricular tachycardia in the infarct border zone of postinfarction canine hearts
AbstractBackgroundWhen the infarct border zone is stimulated prematurely, a unidirectional block line (UBL) can form and lead to double-loop (figure-of-eight) reentrant ventricular tachycardia (VT) with a central isthmus. The isthmus is composed of an entrance, center, and exit. It was hypothesized that for certain stimulus site locations and coupling intervals, the UBL would coincide with the isthmus entrance boundary, where infarct border zone thickness changes from thin-to-thick in the travel direction of the premature stimulus wavefront.MethodA quantitative model was developed to describe how thin-to-thick changes in the border zone result in critically convex wavefront curvature leading to conduction block, which is dependent upon coupling interval. The model was tested in 12 retrospectively analyzed postinfarction canine experiments. Electrical activation was mapped for premature stimulation and for the first reentrant VT cycle. The relationship of functional conduction block forming during premature stimulation to functional block during reentrant VT was quantified.ResultsFor an appropriately placed stimulus, in accord with model predictions: 1. The UBL and reentrant VT isthmus lateral boundaries overlapped (error: 4.8±5.7mm). 2. The UBL leading edge coincided with the distal isthmus where the center-entrance boundary would be expected to occur. 3. The mean coupling interval was 164.6±11.0ms during premature stimulation and 190.7±20.4ms during the first reentrant VT cycle, in accord with model calculations, which resulted in critically convex wavefront curvature and functional conduction block, respectively, at the location of the isthmus entrance boundary and at the lateral isthmus edges.DiscussionReentrant VT onset following premature stimulation can be explained by the presence of critically convex wavefront curvature and unidirectional block at the isthmus entrance boundary when the premature stimulation interval is sufficiently short. The double-loop reentrant circuit pattern is a consequence of wavefront bifurcation around this UBL followed by coalescence, and then impulse propagation through the isthmus. The wavefront is blocked from propagating laterally away from the isthmus by sharp increases in border zone thickness, which results in critically convex wavefront curvature at VT cycle lengths
Peranan Kepolisian terhadap Pelanggaran Penggunaan Jalan Umum untuk Kepentingan Pelaksanaan Pesta Diwilayah Hukum Kota Pekanbaru
The use of the facilities or the road to self-interest must have a permit issued by the Police as a party is given the authority to issue licenses for the use of road traffic other than as stipulated in the Indonesian Police Chief Regulation No. 10 Year 2012 About Setting Traffic In Certain Circumstances in addition to the use of the Road Traffic events , people can use the highway to conduct an activity to the extent they have to get permission from the police . The purpose of writing this paper , First , The Role of the Police in granting permission for the use of public roads in the region law enforcement party Pekanbaru city ? Secondly, the effectiveness of the application of sanctions against violations of the use of public roads for the implementation of the party in reducing the occurrence of acts of violation of law in the region use public roads Pekanbaru city?This type of research is conducted legal research Sociological , while the population and sample an entire party is related to the problem under study , which used data sources , primary data , secondary data , and the data tertiary , data collection techniques in this study with interviews , questionnaires and literature study From the research, there are two main things that can be concluded . First , that the role of the Police in granting permission to use the road for the implementation of the party consists of granting or rejection , as well as disseminating regulatory Chief of Police of Indonesia Number 10 Year 2012 Second, the effectiveness of the application of sanctions against violations of the use of public roads for the implementation of the party had not been effective . advice authors , first , expected to police in giving permission should really factor memperhtikan road to be used for a party , and to always socialize again to the public about the regulations permit the use of the road . Second , are expected to police to take action against violations of the use of the road for the sake of the party
Star forming regions of the southern galaxy
A catalog of southern dust cloud properties is being compiled to aid in the planning and analysis of radio spectral line surveys in the southern hemisphere. Ultimately, images of dust temperature and column density will be produced. For the interim, a list of the 60 and 100 micron fluxes was prepared for the cores and adjacent backgrounds of 65 prominent dust clouds. Dust temperatures and column densities were derived
Throughput Scaling of Wireless Networks With Random Connections
This work studies the throughput scaling laws of ad hoc wireless networks in
the limit of a large number of nodes. A random connections model is assumed in
which the channel connections between the nodes are drawn independently from a
common distribution. Transmitting nodes are subject to an on-off strategy, and
receiving nodes employ conventional single-user decoding. The following results
are proven:
1) For a class of connection models with finite mean and variance, the
throughput scaling is upper-bounded by for single-hop schemes, and
for two-hop (and multihop) schemes.
2) The throughput scaling is achievable for a specific
connection model by a two-hop opportunistic relaying scheme, which employs
full, but only local channel state information (CSI) at the receivers, and
partial CSI at the transmitters.
3) By relaxing the constraints of finite mean and variance of the connection
model, linear throughput scaling is achievable with Pareto-type
fading models.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, To appear in IEEE Transactions on Information
Theor
Optical measurements of phase steps in segmented mirrors - fundamental precision limits
Phase steps are an important type of wavefront aberrations generated by large
telescopes with segmented mirrors. In a closed-loop correction cycle these
phase steps have to be measured with the highest possible precision using
natural reference stars, that is with a small number of photons. In this paper
the classical Fisher information of statistics is used for calculating the
Cramer-Rao bound, which determines the limit to the precision with which the
height of the steps can be estimated in an unbiased fashion with a given number
of photons and a given measuring device. Four types of measurement devices are
discussed: a Shack-Hartmann sensor with one small cylindrical lenslet covering
a sub-aperture centred over a border, a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer, a
Foucault test, and a curvature sensor. The Cramer-Rao bound is calculated for
all sensors under ideal conditions, that is narrowband measurements without
additional noise or disturbances apart from the photon shot noise. This limit
is compared with the ultimate quantum statistical limit for the estimate of
such a step which is independent of the measuring device. For the
Shack-Hartmann sensor, the effects on the Cramer-Rao bound of broadband
measurements, finite sampling, and disturbances such as atmospheric seeing and
detector readout noise are also investigated. The methods presented here can be
used to compare the precision limits of various devices for measuring phase
steps and for optimising the parameters of the devices. Under ideal conditions
the Shack-Hartmann and the Foucault devices nearly attain the ultimate quantum
statistical limits, whereas the Mach-Zehnder and the curvature devices each
require approximately twenty times as many photons in order to reach the same
precision.Comment: 23 pages, 19 figures, to be submitted to Journal of Modern Optic
Spinodal Instabilities in Nuclear Matter in a Stochastic Relativistic Mean-Field Approach
Spinodal instabilities and early growth of baryon density fluctuations in
symmetric nuclear matter are investigated in the basis of stochastic extension
of relativistic mean-field approach in the semi-classical approximation.
Calculations are compared with the results of non-relativistic calculations
based on Skyrme-type effective interactions under similar conditions. A
qualitative difference appears in the unstable response of the system: the
system exhibits most unstable behavior at higher baryon densities around
in the relativistic approach while most unstable
behavior occurs at lower baryon densities around in
the non-relativistic calculationsComment: 18 pages, 7 figure
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