Factors of influence on doping behavior among team sport athletes from Kosovo

Doping je jedan od najvećih problema suvremenog sporta, stoga je potrebno ispitati faktore koji su povezani s doping ponašanjem sportaša. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj sociodemografskih pokazatelja, znanja o dopingu i prehrani te sportskih čimbenika na doping (trenutno i potencijalno doping ponašanje) u nogometu, košarci, odbojci i rukometu. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 457 sportaša starijih od 18 godina, među kojima je bilo 179 žena i 278 muškaraca, te na 113 trenera nogometa, košarke, rukometa i odbojke iz Republike Kosovo. Varijable su prikupljene ekstenzivnim, prethodno validiranim, upitnikom, a moguće ih je podijeliti na: (1) sociodemografske pokazatelje, (2) sportske faktore, (3) faktore znanja o prehrani i dopingu, (4) doping faktore. U prvoj fazi obrade rezultata provjerila se pouzdanost upitnika. Kod kvanititavnih varijabli zračunavane su aritmetičke sredine i standardne devijacije, a kod kvalitativnih su se izračunale frekvencije i postoci odgovora. Analize razlika uključivale su Kruskall Wallis ANOVA-e za neparametrijske varijable, povezanost među varijablama utvrđivala se primjenom Spearmanove korelacijske analize, a u zadnjoj fazi primijenjena je logistička regresijska analiza za binomni kriterij potencijalne konzumacije dopinga. Prema tome u rukometu i košarci muškarci imaju veću vjerojatnost (Odds Ratio) za doping ponašanje (rukomet: OR = 3,41; 95% CI = 1,16-9,96; košarka: OR = 2,87; 95% CI = 1,09-7,56), u nogometu je situacija obrnuta te su žene rizičnija skupina (OR = 2,67; 95% CI = 1,21-5,86), dok u odbojci nema razlika među spolovima (OR = 1,33; 95% CI = 0,45-3,91). Dok je u jednim sportovima povezanost sociodemografskih varijabli s doping ponašanjem slaba (primjerice nogomet), u drugim se sportovima prepoznaju vrlo jasni faktori rizika i zaštite od potencijalnog doping ponašanja. Sportsko postignuće u seniorskom uzrastu prepoznato je u nekoliko situacija kao faktor zaštite od doping ponašanja. To je podatak koji bi se svakako trebalo iskoristiti u razvoju prevencijskih programa kojima je cilj sprječavanje doping ponašanja. Znanje o prehrani pokazalo se kao faktor koji je negativno povezan s potencijalnim doping ponašanjem sportaša. Znanje o doping problematici nije se pokazalo kao faktor koji je na bilo koji način povezan s potencijalnim doping ponašanjem. U nekoliko navrata uočeno je da bi se u budućim istraživanjima trebalo ispitati problematiku utjecaja faktora na doping ponašanje kod sportaša juniorskog uzrasta.Doping behavior is one of the worst problems in contemporary sport. The aim of this research was to explore the association between certain specific sociodemographic factors, knowledge on doping and sport-nutrition, and sport factors, on doping behavior in soccer (football), basketball, volleyball and handball athletes and their coaches, from Republic of Kosovo. The sample of participants comprised of 457 athletes (all aged 18+; 179 females and 278 males) and 113 coaches engaged in observed four sports. All of the participants have been tested, and consequently engaged in sport within Republic of Kosovo throughout competitive season 2013/2014. The previously validated questionnaire was used as a measuring tool, examining four groups of data: (1) socio-demographic data, (2) sport factors, (3) knowledge on sport-nutrition and doping, and (4) doping factors. After reliability analyses descriptive statistics were calculated. The differences between characteristic groups (i.e. genders, sports, coaches vs. athletes) were established b Kruskal Wallis ANOVA. The associations were established by Spearman’s correlations and Logistic regressions. Odds ratio were calculated to define the likelihood of certain bivariate criterion in certain group of participants. In handball and basketball the higher likelihood of doping behavior is found for males (handball: OR = 3,41; 95% CI = 1,16-9,96; basketball: OR = 2,87; 95% CI = 1,09-7,56), in soccer the females are more at risk for such behavior (OR = 2,67; 95% CI = 1,21-5,86), while there is no significant difference between genders for volleyball (OR = 1,33; 95% CI = 0,45-3,91). In some sports the association between socio-demographic indices and doping behavior is week (i.e. football) in other sports results show clear protective/risk factors of potential doping behavior. Generally, specific factors of association are evidenced in different sports. Sport achievement in senior age (i.e. result achieved) is found to be protective against doping behavior. These results should be highlighted and incorporated in preventive programs against doping behavior in sports. The knowledge on doping is not found to be related to doping-behavior, but there are certain indices that knowledge on sport-nutrition should be observed as a protective factor against doping behavior among athletes. Results clearly indicate necessity of future investigations on a problem while studying junior age athletes

Factors of influence on doping behavior among team sport athletes from Kosovo

Doping je jedan od najvećih problema suvremenog sporta, stoga je potrebno ispitati faktore koji su povezani s doping ponašanjem sportaša. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj sociodemografskih pokazatelja, znanja o dopingu i prehrani te sportskih čimbenika na doping (trenutno i potencijalno doping ponašanje) u nogometu, košarci, odbojci i rukometu. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 457 sportaša starijih od 18 godina, među kojima je bilo 179 žena i 278 muškaraca, te na 113 trenera nogometa, košarke, rukometa i odbojke iz Republike Kosovo. Varijable su prikupljene ekstenzivnim, prethodno validiranim, upitnikom, a moguće ih je podijeliti na: (1) sociodemografske pokazatelje, (2) sportske faktore, (3) faktore znanja o prehrani i dopingu, (4) doping faktore. U prvoj fazi obrade rezultata provjerila se pouzdanost upitnika. Kod kvanititavnih varijabli zračunavane su aritmetičke sredine i standardne devijacije, a kod kvalitativnih su se izračunale frekvencije i postoci odgovora. Analize razlika uključivale su Kruskall Wallis ANOVA-e za neparametrijske varijable, povezanost među varijablama utvrđivala se primjenom Spearmanove korelacijske analize, a u zadnjoj fazi primijenjena je logistička regresijska analiza za binomni kriterij potencijalne konzumacije dopinga. Prema tome u rukometu i košarci muškarci imaju veću vjerojatnost (Odds Ratio) za doping ponašanje (rukomet: OR = 3,41; 95% CI = 1,16-9,96; košarka: OR = 2,87; 95% CI = 1,09-7,56), u nogometu je situacija obrnuta te su žene rizičnija skupina (OR = 2,67; 95% CI = 1,21-5,86), dok u odbojci nema razlika među spolovima (OR = 1,33; 95% CI = 0,45-3,91). Dok je u jednim sportovima povezanost sociodemografskih varijabli s doping ponašanjem slaba (primjerice nogomet), u drugim se sportovima prepoznaju vrlo jasni faktori rizika i zaštite od potencijalnog doping ponašanja. Sportsko postignuće u seniorskom uzrastu prepoznato je u nekoliko situacija kao faktor zaštite od doping ponašanja. To je podatak koji bi se svakako trebalo iskoristiti u razvoju prevencijskih programa kojima je cilj sprječavanje doping ponašanja. Znanje o prehrani pokazalo se kao faktor koji je negativno povezan s potencijalnim doping ponašanjem sportaša. Znanje o doping problematici nije se pokazalo kao faktor koji je na bilo koji način povezan s potencijalnim doping ponašanjem. U nekoliko navrata uočeno je da bi se u budućim istraživanjima trebalo ispitati problematiku utjecaja faktora na doping ponašanje kod sportaša juniorskog uzrasta.Doping behavior is one of the worst problems in contemporary sport. The aim of this research was to explore the association between certain specific sociodemographic factors, knowledge on doping and sport-nutrition, and sport factors, on doping behavior in soccer (football), basketball, volleyball and handball athletes and their coaches, from Republic of Kosovo. The sample of participants comprised of 457 athletes (all aged 18+; 179 females and 278 males) and 113 coaches engaged in observed four sports. All of the participants have been tested, and consequently engaged in sport within Republic of Kosovo throughout competitive season 2013/2014. The previously validated questionnaire was used as a measuring tool, examining four groups of data: (1) socio-demographic data, (2) sport factors, (3) knowledge on sport-nutrition and doping, and (4) doping factors. After reliability analyses descriptive statistics were calculated. The differences between characteristic groups (i.e. genders, sports, coaches vs. athletes) were established b Kruskal Wallis ANOVA. The associations were established by Spearman’s correlations and Logistic regressions. Odds ratio were calculated to define the likelihood of certain bivariate criterion in certain group of participants. In handball and basketball the higher likelihood of doping behavior is found for males (handball: OR = 3,41; 95% CI = 1,16-9,96; basketball: OR = 2,87; 95% CI = 1,09-7,56), in soccer the females are more at risk for such behavior (OR = 2,67; 95% CI = 1,21-5,86), while there is no significant difference between genders for volleyball (OR = 1,33; 95% CI = 0,45-3,91). In some sports the association between socio-demographic indices and doping behavior is week (i.e. football) in other sports results show clear protective/risk factors of potential doping behavior. Generally, specific factors of association are evidenced in different sports. Sport achievement in senior age (i.e. result achieved) is found to be protective against doping behavior. These results should be highlighted and incorporated in preventive programs against doping behavior in sports. The knowledge on doping is not found to be related to doping-behavior, but there are certain indices that knowledge on sport-nutrition should be observed as a protective factor against doping behavior among athletes. Results clearly indicate necessity of future investigations on a problem while studying junior age athletes

Factors of influence on doping behavior among team sport athletes from Kosovo

Doping je jedan od najvećih problema suvremenog sporta, stoga je potrebno ispitati faktore koji su povezani s doping ponašanjem sportaša. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi utjecaj sociodemografskih pokazatelja, znanja o dopingu i prehrani te sportskih čimbenika na doping (trenutno i potencijalno doping ponašanje) u nogometu, košarci, odbojci i rukometu. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 457 sportaša starijih od 18 godina, među kojima je bilo 179 žena i 278 muškaraca, te na 113 trenera nogometa, košarke, rukometa i odbojke iz Republike Kosovo. Varijable su prikupljene ekstenzivnim, prethodno validiranim, upitnikom, a moguće ih je podijeliti na: (1) sociodemografske pokazatelje, (2) sportske faktore, (3) faktore znanja o prehrani i dopingu, (4) doping faktore. U prvoj fazi obrade rezultata provjerila se pouzdanost upitnika. Kod kvanititavnih varijabli zračunavane su aritmetičke sredine i standardne devijacije, a kod kvalitativnih su se izračunale frekvencije i postoci odgovora. Analize razlika uključivale su Kruskall Wallis ANOVA-e za neparametrijske varijable, povezanost među varijablama utvrđivala se primjenom Spearmanove korelacijske analize, a u zadnjoj fazi primijenjena je logistička regresijska analiza za binomni kriterij potencijalne konzumacije dopinga. Prema tome u rukometu i košarci muškarci imaju veću vjerojatnost (Odds Ratio) za doping ponašanje (rukomet: OR = 3,41; 95% CI = 1,16-9,96; košarka: OR = 2,87; 95% CI = 1,09-7,56), u nogometu je situacija obrnuta te su žene rizičnija skupina (OR = 2,67; 95% CI = 1,21-5,86), dok u odbojci nema razlika među spolovima (OR = 1,33; 95% CI = 0,45-3,91). Dok je u jednim sportovima povezanost sociodemografskih varijabli s doping ponašanjem slaba (primjerice nogomet), u drugim se sportovima prepoznaju vrlo jasni faktori rizika i zaštite od potencijalnog doping ponašanja. Sportsko postignuće u seniorskom uzrastu prepoznato je u nekoliko situacija kao faktor zaštite od doping ponašanja. To je podatak koji bi se svakako trebalo iskoristiti u razvoju prevencijskih programa kojima je cilj sprječavanje doping ponašanja. Znanje o prehrani pokazalo se kao faktor koji je negativno povezan s potencijalnim doping ponašanjem sportaša. Znanje o doping problematici nije se pokazalo kao faktor koji je na bilo koji način povezan s potencijalnim doping ponašanjem. U nekoliko navrata uočeno je da bi se u budućim istraživanjima trebalo ispitati problematiku utjecaja faktora na doping ponašanje kod sportaša juniorskog uzrasta.Doping behavior is one of the worst problems in contemporary sport. The aim of this research was to explore the association between certain specific sociodemographic factors, knowledge on doping and sport-nutrition, and sport factors, on doping behavior in soccer (football), basketball, volleyball and handball athletes and their coaches, from Republic of Kosovo. The sample of participants comprised of 457 athletes (all aged 18+; 179 females and 278 males) and 113 coaches engaged in observed four sports. All of the participants have been tested, and consequently engaged in sport within Republic of Kosovo throughout competitive season 2013/2014. The previously validated questionnaire was used as a measuring tool, examining four groups of data: (1) socio-demographic data, (2) sport factors, (3) knowledge on sport-nutrition and doping, and (4) doping factors. After reliability analyses descriptive statistics were calculated. The differences between characteristic groups (i.e. genders, sports, coaches vs. athletes) were established b Kruskal Wallis ANOVA. The associations were established by Spearman’s correlations and Logistic regressions. Odds ratio were calculated to define the likelihood of certain bivariate criterion in certain group of participants. In handball and basketball the higher likelihood of doping behavior is found for males (handball: OR = 3,41; 95% CI = 1,16-9,96; basketball: OR = 2,87; 95% CI = 1,09-7,56), in soccer the females are more at risk for such behavior (OR = 2,67; 95% CI = 1,21-5,86), while there is no significant difference between genders for volleyball (OR = 1,33; 95% CI = 0,45-3,91). In some sports the association between socio-demographic indices and doping behavior is week (i.e. football) in other sports results show clear protective/risk factors of potential doping behavior. Generally, specific factors of association are evidenced in different sports. Sport achievement in senior age (i.e. result achieved) is found to be protective against doping behavior. These results should be highlighted and incorporated in preventive programs against doping behavior in sports. The knowledge on doping is not found to be related to doping-behavior, but there are certain indices that knowledge on sport-nutrition should be observed as a protective factor against doping behavior among athletes. Results clearly indicate necessity of future investigations on a problem while studying junior age athletes

Financijski menadžment kosovske kompanije “Sportmarketing”

“Sportmarketing” je javna kompanija za športski menadžment iz Prištine, Republika Kosovo. Kreirana je s ciljem upravljanja, korištenja i održavanja športsko-rekreativnih objekata. Odbor za Šport Grada Prištine osnovao je kompaniju 23. prosinca 1991.godine. Od 2000. godine, nakon rata, bila je dijelom UNMIK administracije. Osnovna svrha kompanije jest upravljanje instalacijom infrastrukture za rekreativne svrhe na jezeru Germi i u Školi skijanja “Shtepia e Gurit” na planini Brezovica. Kompanija stoga djeluje na sezonskom principu, i zimi, i ljeti. Glavni cilj rada bio je prikazati financijske pokazatelje uključujući prihode i rashode za devetomjesečni period, od 1. siječnja do 1. rujna 2013. godine, kao i financijsku analizu. Financijski pokazatelji pokazuju da rashodi premašuju prihode pri čemu je ostvaren dug od 5.712,58 € u navedenom periodu. Ponuđene su i potencijalne solucije financijskog oporavka

Financijski menadžment kosovske kompanije “Sportmarketing”

“Sportmarketing” je javna kompanija za športski menadžment iz Prištine, Republika Kosovo. Kreirana je s ciljem upravljanja, korištenja i održavanja športsko-rekreativnih objekata. Odbor za Šport Grada Prištine osnovao je kompaniju 23. prosinca 1991.godine. Od 2000. godine, nakon rata, bila je dijelom UNMIK administracije. Osnovna svrha kompanije jest upravljanje instalacijom infrastrukture za rekreativne svrhe na jezeru Germi i u Školi skijanja “Shtepia e Gurit” na planini Brezovica. Kompanija stoga djeluje na sezonskom principu, i zimi, i ljeti. Glavni cilj rada bio je prikazati financijske pokazatelje uključujući prihode i rashode za devetomjesečni period, od 1. siječnja do 1. rujna 2013. godine, kao i financijsku analizu. Financijski pokazatelji pokazuju da rashodi premašuju prihode pri čemu je ostvaren dug od 5.712,58 € u navedenom periodu. Ponuđene su i potencijalne solucije financijskog oporavka

Swot Analyse of Football School “2 Korriku”

The purpose of this work is the information about the hierarchical (structural) organizing of football school ”2 Korriku”, and doing it more clearly and effective we used SWOT analyze which presents in details the current situation, positive performances (achievements) the negative ones, possibilities and risks that is the characteristic of this analyze. In the context of this problem not only the analyze of SWOT clarifies everything about the activities, the school itself, but also the purpose of it, adequate insurance of every subtlety in details of the school, staff, volunteers activity, time, date, place and participants where this football school “2 Korriku” activity is taking place. Football school`s coachers “2 Korriku” that are doing their professional and educative job in the advancement of this school, we have used this analyze, where we notified the staff and the coachers in advance about this analyze, who then they gave their opinions in the charts which we present in our work. From these recommendations that we presen below, this school is in a good way of organizing, establishing financial stability, infrastructural and the professional one, based to some other investments that are done, and in the future they are planning to do more, so to accomplish all of these, it`s good to manage them in time by rational use from the management to the coacher of age groups. So the activity of other football schools should be based on football school “2 Korriku” as a model, because to those who are interested, and to the other coaches would be useful based on the results that this educational and sport institution has,where these results will be evident later, whether they are in education, courtesy, donations-sponsorship, infrastructure and afterwards in formation of players

Organizing Manage of International Half Marathon “Run for Peace and Tolerance”

Now that sport is in step up with time and other technologies, and it is imposed also the attending of sport`s organizing, from the minor to the grand organizing and all of them bring benefits not only to federation but to the country too, in order of presentation of the best as it`s possible, so all this depends mainly by respecting some specific rules, tasks, structure and organizing to what this event is organized for. In this work we present a model of managing the organizing the half marathon activity which is organized for many years, which is known also in the international area. This work paper deals with organizing of this competition that is named as an international activity for many years. This work paper is dealt with organizing of this competition that already has a long experience and within itself we find the organizing forms and hierarchy from the top to the competitors that does its activity on track. This form of organizing is done in the line Kosovo Athletic Federation, Ministry of sports and sponsors that is support in continuity this international competition. In this international half-marathon participants were 900 athletes from over 40 countries, then in organizing is provided awards in money and according to the age and psych-physical abilities that are presented in chart

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use and Misuse among Kosovar Adolescents; Cross Sectional Study of Scholastic, Familial-, and Sports-Related Factors of Influence

Adolescence is considered to be the most important period for the prevention of substance use and misuse (SUM). The aim of this study was to investigate the problem of SUM and to establish potentially important factors associated with SUM in Kosovar adolescents. Multi-stage simple random sampling was used to select participants. At the end of their high school education, 980 adolescents (623 females) ages 17 to 19 years old were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption (measured by Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test–AUDIT), and illegal drug use (dependent variables), as well as socio-demographic, scholastic, familial, and sports-related factors (independent variables), were assessed. Boys smoke cigarettes more often than girls with daily-smoking prevalence of 16% among boys and 9% among girls (OR = 1.85, 95% = CI 1.25–2.75). The prevalence of harmful drinking (i.e., AUDIT scores of >10) is found to be alarming (41% and 37% for boys and girls, respectively; OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.87–1.48), while 17% of boys and 9% of girls used illegal drugs (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.35–2.95). The behavioral grade (observed as: excellent–average-poor) is the factor that was most significantly correlated with SUM both in boys and girls, with lower behavioral grades among those adolescents who consume substances. In girls, lower maternal education levels were associated with a decreased likelihood of SUM, whereas sports achievement was negatively associated with risky drinking. In boys, sports achievement decreased the likelihood of daily smoking. Information on the factors associated with SUM should be disseminated among sports and school authorities

Recovery and Impact of the Ultramarathon 257 Kilometers in Pristina-Tirana Relation

For peak results we are dependent on many factors, such as; exercises with specifics, volume, intensity, seconds, minutes, hour, meter, km, heart rate, etc., and the other most important factor is recovery. In this paper we also aimed at the impact of the 257 km ultramaraton on the presentation of differences in body composition in running performance. In this case, as a sample of the subject we had only one athlete, who managed to run in the Prishtina-Tirana relation in a duration of 46 hours. The first measurement was made in the morning of 02.07.2020 and the second measurement on 07.07.2020. Both measurements were performed around 09:00 in the morning. With the body composition measuring instrument of the TANITA brand, we evaluated body mass, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage and muscle mass of all body parts. The competitor was permanently followed by the expedition staff where during this run 13 stops were made for health-refreshing reasons, one of them 30 minutes at the 115th kilometer and the other at the 209th kilometer for about 4 hours imposed by dizziness. Over 27 bottles of water, 12 bottles of juices, ready-made fruits and vegetables, other supplements such as magnesium, vitamins and minerals, etc. were consumed at this activity. After seven days of activity, the movement was made where within those days ice treatment was done, passive rest and food consumption to meet the needs and then the athlete\u27s friction started. Finally we can say that this run had an impact on the composition of the athlete\u27s body during the running performance

Case Study: Money Management in Kosovo Sports

Sport in the country is supported through program policies and is also supported in its development even with the difficulties that our society and the sports activity of the country has gone through. The management of sports clubs, federations and sports organizations in general develop their activities facing difficulties of a material nature when it comes to participation in international competitions. Therefore, this paper presents the management of money in sports organizations, infrastructure and other stakeholders. This paper is presented as a model, which has to do with the management, sports, infrastructural capacities that are at the moment, then also the distribution of the budget for federations, clubs, sports infrastructure and other organizations that perform these activities. The management of money for sports in the country has been executed for about 35 sports federations with about 867 sports clubs, where in total approximately 81.041 participate in sports activities, of which 67.583 are men and 13,458 women, and their amount spent was about 14,247,919 euro from the revenues of 18.489.005 euro that were from the country’s government. The management of money for sports in the country would open the way if appropriate measures are taken to increase the budget by engaging serious investors in terms of sports infrastructure in public- private partnerships, where this would then affect the addition of sports facilities and their management as rationally as possible where sports activities would then be increased and then this would also bring incomes. Meanwhile, sports organizations should be further supported in the operationalization of fiscal facilities for companies that are helping clubs and federations that wish to enter sports sponsorship, where this would also be pushing force in the development and improvement of sports and its conditions for the progress of sports activities