Analysis of Energy Efficiency in Construction Solutions at the Facade-slab Connection

Façade-slab connection is the main thermal bridge of buildings. In this work, different options are analyzed according to the location of the thermal insulation. Heat loss is measured for each option. According to thermal analysis performed we conclude that cover the building¿s façade completely without interruption at the slab¿s front is essential to avoid thermal bridges. The new option that interrupts the cantilever to put insulation on the entire façade is just effective to isolate the entire cantilever and is an easier constructive solution. This insulation continuity is needed to prevent ceiling condensation, since the energy saving is not important compared to windows thermal loss.Vercher Sanchis, JM.; Lerma Elvira, C.; Vidal Martinez, M.; Gil Benso, E. (2013). Analysis of Energy Efficiency in Construction Solutions at the Facade-slab Connection. Advanced Materials Research. 787:731-735. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.787.731S731735787He, J., Hoyano, A., Asawa, T. A numerical simulation tool for predicting the impact of outdoor thermal environment on building energy performance. Applied Energy 86 (2009) 1596–1605. DOI: 10. 1016/j. apenergy. 2008. 12. 034.Füllsack-Köditz, R. Bauphysikalische Kennwerte für Balkonplattenanschlüsse. Bauphysik 34 (2012), Heft 3, pp.121-129. DOI: 10. 1002/bapi. 201200015.Sami A. Al-Sanea, M.F. Zedan. Effect of thermal bridges on transmission loads and thermal resistance of building walls under dynamic conditions. Applied Energy 98 (2012) 584–593. DOI: 10. 1016/j. apenergy. 2012. 04. 038.ZT Ai, CM Mak, JL Niu, ZR Li. Effect of balconies on thermal comfort in wind-induced, naturally ventilated low-rise buildings. Building Serv. Eng. Res. Technol. 32, 3 (2011) p.277–292. DOI: 10. 1177/0143624410396431.Lerma, C., Mas, Á., Gil, E., Vercher, J., Peñalver, MJ. Identification of construction material pathologies in historical buildings using infrared thermography. Materiales de Construcción (2013) pp.24-34. DOI: 10. 3989/mc. 2013. 06612

EM Based Synthesis and Design of Bandpass Waveguide Filters Including Manufacturing Effects with FEST3D

This article aims at the industry interest on automated design tools that are able to take into account manufacturing effects. First, an efficient design strategy for bandpass waveguide filters including the rounded corners arising from low-cost manufacturing procedures is presented. This technique is based on a recent enhanced prototype and synthesis methodology able to consider the real structure parts. Using the resulting electromagnetic (EM)-based synthesis technique, an excellent structure is extracted, which requires, at most, only a slight final EM optimization. Second, this article presents analytical expressions providing error estimates for the different filter performances in terms of manufacturing tolerances. From such expressions, designers can determine the tolerance to be requested for a tuning-less implementation. Moreover, they can also be used to set the convergence criterion for the synthesis procedure. A fully automated design tool of bandpass waveguide filters able to consider manufacturing impairments has been developed and integrated in the commercial software Full-wave EM Simulation Tool 3D (FEST 3D)The authors thank Mrs. Eva Tarin, Mr. Oscar Monerris, and Mr. Jaime Armendariz for their work on the integration of the synthesis tool for H-plane waveguide filters in FEST 3D. This work was supported by Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spanish Government, under the Research Project ref. TEC2010-21520-C04-01.Soto Pacheco, P.; Boria Esbert, VE.; Carceller Candau, C.; Vicente Quiles, CP.; Gil Raga, J.; Gimeno Martinez, B. (2012). EM Based Synthesis and Design of Bandpass Waveguide Filters Including Manufacturing Effects with FEST3D. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering. 22(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmce.2058893103221Reiter, J. M., & Arndt, F. (1995). Rigorous analysis of arbitrarily shaped H- and E-plane discontinuities in rectangular waveguides by a full-wave boundary contour mode-matching method. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 43(4), 796-801. doi:10.1109/22.375226Zhou, J., Duan, B., & Huang, J. (2010). Influence and tuning of tunable screws for microwave filters using least squares support vector regression. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, 20(4), 422-429. doi:10.1002/mmce.20447Nikolova, N. (2008). Electromagnetic software in microwave engineering [Guest Editorial]. IEEE Microwave Magazine, 9(6), 10-12. doi:10.1109/mmm.2008.929880Boria, V. E., Gimeno, B., Marini, S., Taroncher, M., Cogollos, S., Soto, P., … Gil, J. (2007). Recent advances in modeling, design, and fabrication of microwave filters for space applications. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, 17(1), 70-76. doi:10.1002/mmce.20199Kozakowski, P., & Mrozowski, M. (2002). Gradient-based optimization of filters using FDTD software. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 12(10), 389-391. doi:10.1109/lmwc.2002.804561Boria, V. E., Bozzi, M., Bruni, F., Cogollos, S., Conciauro, G., Gimeno, B., & Perregrini, L. (2003). Efficient analysis of in-line waveguide filters and frequency-selective surfaces with stepped holes. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, 13(4), 306-315. doi:10.1002/mmce.10087Morro, J. V., Esteban, H., Boria, V. E., Bachiller, C., & Belenguer, A. (2008). Optimization techniques for the efficient design of low-cost satellite filters considering new light materials. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, 18(2), 168-175. doi:10.1002/mmce.20264Hunter, I. (2001). Theory and Design of Microwave Filters. doi:10.1049/pbew048eSoto, P., Tarin, E., Boria, V. E., Vicente, C., Gil, J., & Gimeno, B. (2010). Accurate Synthesis and Design of Wideband and Inhomogeneous Inductive Waveguide Filters. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 58(8), 2220-2230. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2010.2052668Morini, A., Venanzoni, G., & Rozzi, T. (2006). A new adaptive prototype for the design of side-coupled coaxial filters with close correspondence to the physical structure. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 54(3), 1146-1153. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2005.864112Morini, A., Venanzoni, G., Farina, M., & Rozzi, T. (2007). Modified Adaptive Prototype Inclusive of the External Couplings for the Design of Coaxial Filters. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 55(9), 1905-1911. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2007.904329Cogollos, S., Marini, S., Boria, V. E., Soto, P., Vidal, A., Esteban, H., … Gimeno, B. (2003). Efficient modal analysis of arbitrarily shaped waveguides composed of linear, circular, and elliptical arcs using the BI-RME method. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 51(12), 2378-2390. doi:10.1109/tmtt.2003.819776Levy, R. (1967). Theory of Direct-Coupled-Cavity Filters. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 15(6), 340-348. doi:10.1109/tmtt.1967.1126471Balasubramanian, R., & Pramanick, P. (1999). Computer aided design ofH-plane tapered corrugated waveguide bandpass filters. International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, 9(1), 14-21. doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-047x(199901)9:13.0.co;2-

Prevalencia de sindrome de ehrlers-danlos hipermóvil en Población Salvadoreña de 20 a 50 años en Unidades de Salud Dr. Díaz del Pinal y San Emigdio, de marzo a juio 2023

Esta investigación se utilizó el nuevo lineamiento de la Clasificación Internacional de Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos, publicado en el año 2017 en la cual se evaluaron 3 aspectos importantes como: la Hiperlaxitud articular generalizada, las manifestaciones sistémicas de un trastorno del tejido conectivo generalizado, antecedentes familiares positivos, con uno o más familiares de primer grado que cumplan de forma independiente los criterios de diagnóstico (SED), y complicaciones musculoesqueléticas. Como objetivo general se estableció la prevalencia de síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos hipermóvil en pacientes de 20 a 50 años en las unidades de salud Dr. Díaz de Pinal y San Emigdio en el periodo de marzo a julio de 2023. Se determinaron las características sociodemográficas de población y se aplicó la escala de los criterios diagnósticos propuestos en la clasificación Internacional de Síndromes de Ehlers-Danlos de tipo hipermóvil (2017) que permitió identificar a los pacientes con criterios clínicos compatibles con SEDh. El diseño metodológico se basó en una investigación de prevalencia de carácter descriptivo, observacional, transversal utilizando un muestreo aleatorio simple, en la que se incluyeron 150 pacientes. En total, 106 pacientes pertenecían al sexo femenino y 44 al sexo masculino. se identificaron 5 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios diagnósticos del Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos hipermóvil (SEDh). De estos, 3 fueron pacientes femeninos entre los 20 y 40 años, y 1 paciente en el grupo de edad de 20 a 30 años, se obtuvo una prevalencia de 3.33% para el síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos hipermóvil (SEDh) y prevalencia del 22% para el síndrome de hiperlaxitud articular

Multipactor susceptibility charts for ridge and multiridge waveguides

“© 2012 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.”The aim of this paper is to study the multipactor radio-frequency breakdown voltage in several ridge and multiridge waveguide configurations. First, multipactor susceptibility charts for several types of ridged waveguides have been computed using the commercial software FEST3D. Next, these charts have been used to predict multipactor threshold values for a bandpass filter and a quasi-low-pass filter both containing ridge waveguide sections. Furthermore, multipactor simulations using FEST3D are carried out to calculate the multipactor threshold of the aforementioned structures. A good agreement between predictions and simulations has been found for both filter examples.Gonzalez Iglesias, D.; Soto Pacheco, P.; Anza Hormigo, S.; Gimeno Martinez, B.; Boria Esbert, VE.; Vicente Quiles, CP.; Gil Raga, J. (2012). Multipactor susceptibility charts for ridge and multiridge waveguides. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 59(12):3601-3607. doi:10.1109/TED.2012.2215611S36013607591

Prediction of multipactor breakdown for multicarrier applications: the quasi-stationary method

© 2012 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.A new prediction algorithm for multipactor breakdown determination in multicarrier signals is presented. This new algorithm assumes a quasi-stationary (QS) model based on the nonstationary theory for single-carrier signals. It determines the worst case, i.e., the combination of signal phases that yields the lowest breakdown level per carrier, using multipactor electron growth models. It considers the secondary emission yield properties of the material and the time-varying value of the multicarrier signal envelope. Several test samples have been designed and manufactured in order to assess the precision of the proposed method. The experimental results show excellent agreement with the predicted results. The QS prediction technique yields, in general, better accuracy and more relaxed breakdown levels than the existing methods.Manuscript received December 23, 2011; revised April 12, 2012; accepted April 16, 2012. Date of publication May 30, 2012; date of current version June 26, 2012. This work was supported by the European Space Agency (ESA)/European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) under RF Breakdown in Multicarrier Systems Contract 1-9918/06/NL/GLC, by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion under Programa Torres Quevedo PTQ06-2-0693, and under Research Project TEC2010-21520-C04-01.Anza Hormigo, S.; Vicente Quiles, CP.; Gil Raga, J.; Mattes, M.; Wolk, D.; Wochner, U.; Boria Esbert, VE.... (2012). Prediction of multipactor breakdown for multicarrier applications: the quasi-stationary method. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 60(7):2093-2105. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2012.2197021S2093210560

Sistema informático para registro de datos epidemiológicos ligados a enfermedades transmitidas por vectores y su evaluación con modelos animales(SIRDEETV)

Se presenta el sistema informático para el uso de los laboratorios de CENSALUD de la Universidad de El Salvador, el cual será capaz de poder llevar el registro de todas las investigaciones que se han realizado y se realizaran en estas unidades, el sistema informático cuenta con un ambiente web y una aplicación móvil para permitir un manejo fiable y sencillo del sistem

Multipactor mitigation in coaxial lines by means of permanent magnets

The main aim of this paper is the analysis of the feasibility of employing permanent magnets for the multipactor mitigation in a coaxial waveguide. First, the study of a coaxial line immersed in a uniform axial magnetic field shows that multipactor can be suppressed at any RF if the external magnetic field is strong enough. Both theoretical simulations and experimental tests validate this statement. Next, multipactor breakdown of a coaxial line immersed in a hollow cylindrical permanent magnet is analyzed. Numerical simulations show that multipactor can be suppressed in a certain RF range. The performed experimental test campaign demonstrates the capability of the magnet to avoid the multipactor electron multiplication process.This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund-A Way of Making Europe. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor R. Carter.Gonzalez Iglesias, D.; Pérez Pastor, AM.; Anza Hormigo, S.; Vague Cardona, JJ.; Gimeno Martinez, B.; Boria Esbert, VE.; Raboso García-Baquero, D.... (2014). Multipactor mitigation in coaxial lines by means of permanent magnets. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 61(12):4224-4231. doi:10.1109/TED.2014.2361172S42244231611

Transmission Clusters, Predominantly Associated With Men Who Have Sex With Men, Play a Main Role in the Propagation of HIV-1 in Northern Spain (2013-2018)

Viruses of HIV-1-infected individuals whose transmission is related group phylogenetically in transmission clusters (TCs). The study of the phylogenetic relations of these viruses and the factors associated with these individuals is essential to analyze the HIV-1 epidemic. In this study, we examine the role of TCs in the epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in Galicia and the Basque County, two regions of northern Spain. A total of 1,158 HIV-1-infected patients from both regions with new diagnoses (NDs) in 2013-2018 were included in the study. Partial HIV-1 pol sequences were analyzed phylogenetically by approximately maximum-likelihood with FastTree 2. In this analysis, 10,687 additional sequences from samples from HIV-1-infected individuals collected in Spain in 1999-2019 were also included to assign TC membership and to determine TCs' sizes. TCs were defined as those which included viruses from ≥4 individuals, at least 50% of them Spaniards, and with ≥0.95 Shimodaira-Hasegawa-like node support in the phylogenetic tree. Factors associated to TCs were evaluated using odds ratios (OR) and their 95% CI. Fifty-one percent of NDs grouped in 162 TCs. Male patients (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5-4.7) and men having sex with men (MSM; OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.4-3.2) had higher odds of belonging to a TC compared to female and heterosexual patients, respectively. Individuals from Latin America (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2-0.4), North Africa (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-1.0), and especially Sub-Saharan Africa (OR: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.003-0.2) were inversely associated to belonging to TCs compared to native Spaniards. Our results show that TCs are important components of the HIV-1 epidemics in the two Spanish regions studied, where transmission between MSM is predominant. The majority of migrants were infected with viruses not belonging to TCs that expand in Spain. Molecular epidemiology is essential to identify local peculiarities of HIV-1 propagation. The early detection of TCs and prevention of their expansion, implementing effective control measures, could reduce HIV-1 infections.This work was funded through Acción Estratégica en Salud Intramural (AESI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Project “Estudios sobre vigilancia epidemiológica molecular del VIH-1 en España,” PI16CIII/00033 and Project “Epidemiología molecular del VIH-1 en España y su utilidad para investigaciones biológicas y en vacunas“PI19CIII/0042; Red de Investigación en SIDA (RIS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Plan Nacional ICDCI, project RD16ISCIII/0002/0004; and scientific agreements with Consellería de Sanidade, Government of Galicia (MVI 1004/16), and Osakidetza-Servicio Vasco de Salud, Government of Basque Country (MVI 1001/16).S

Rapid Intensity Decrease During the Second Half of the First Millennium BCE in Central Asia and Global Implications

Recent paleomagnetic studies have shown that important short-lived intensity fluctuations occurred during the first millennium BCE. However, the knowledge of the spatial and temporal extension of these features is still limited by the scarce availability of robust data. In this study we focus on the study of the intensity decrease that took place in Central Asia during the second half of the 1st millennium BCE after the high intensities that characterized the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly. Since previous archeointensities available for this period and region were obtained without accomplishing modern standards of quality, we present here new archeointensities that are derived from classical Thellier and Thellier experiments, including partial thermoremanent magnetization (pTRM) checks, thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) anisotropy and cooling rate corrections at the specimen level. The new 51 archeointensities, together with previous archeointensities, have been used to present a new local paleosecular variation curve for Central Asia. The results confirm the existence of an important geomagnetic field intensity decrease in South Uzbekistan from the 4th century BCE to the end of the 1st century BCE associated with rates of changes up to −15 μT/century. A critical analysis of the archeointensity global database indicates that this feature was present at continental scale, from Western Europe to Central Asia. However, this trend is not identified in other regions such as Japan or Mexico. Finally, the comparison with the dipole moment derived from recent global geomagnetic field reconstructions suggests a strong influence of non-dipolar sources upon this continental intensity feature

The Origin, Epidemiology, and Phylodynamics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 CRF47_BF

CRF47_BF is a circulating recombinant form (CRF) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the etiological agent of AIDS. CRF47_BF represents one of 19 CRFx_BFs and has a geographic focus in Spain, where it was first identified in 2010. Since its discovery, CRF47_BF has expanded considerably in Spain, predominantly through heterosexual contact (∼56% of the infections). Little is known, however, about the origin and diversity of this CRF or its epidemiological correlates, as very few samples have been available so far. This study conducts a phylogenetic analysis with representatives of all CRFx_BF sequence types along with HIV-1 M Group subtypes to validate that the CRF47_BF sequences share a unique evolutionary history. The CRFx_BF sequences cluster into a single, not well supported, clade that includes their dominant parent subtypes (B and F). This clade also includes subtype D and excludes sub-subtype F2. However, the CRF47_BF sequences all share a most recent common ancestor. Further analysis of this clade couples CRF47_BF protease-reverse transcriptase sequences and epidemiological data from an additional 87 samples collected throughout Spain, as well as additional CRF47_BF database sequences from Brazil and Spain to investigate the origin and phylodynamics of CRF47_BF. The Spanish region with the highest proportion of CRF47_BF samples in the data set was the Basque Country (43.7%) with Navarre next highest at 19.5%. We include in our analysis epidemiological data on host sex, mode of transmission, time of collection, and geographic region. The phylodynamic analysis indicates that CRF47_BF originated in Brazil around 1999-2000 and spread to Spain from Brazil in 2002-2003. The virus spread rapidly throughout Spain with an increase in population size from 2011 to 2015 and leveling off more recently. Three strongly supported clusters associated with Spanish regions (Basque Country, Navarre, and Aragon), together comprising 60.8% of the Spanish samples, were identified, one of which was also associated with transmission among men who have sex with men. The expansion in Spain of CRF47_BF, together with that of other CRFs and subtype variants of South American origin, previously reported, reflects the increasing relationship between the South American and European HIV-1 epidemics.The study was supported by Acción Estratégica en Salud Intramural (AESI) program of Instituto de Salud Carlos III, projects “Estudio sobre Vigilancia Epidemiológica Molecular de la Infección por VIH-1 en España,” PI16CIII/00033, and “Epidemiología Molecular del VIH-1 en España y su Utilidad para Investigaciones Biológicas y en Vacunas,” PI19CIII/00042; Red de Investigación en SIDA (RIS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Plan Nacional I+D+I, project RD16ISCIII/0002/0004; and scientific agreements with the Governments of Galicia (MVI 1004/16) and Basque Country (MVI 1001/16).N