El profesional de la información ante la colaboración científica y la Ciencia 2.0

[ES] La función principal de un gestor de documentación científica es proporcionar ayuda y cobertura a los científicos, usualmente mediante dos actividades: la vigilancia y la visibilidad científica. La reciente aparición y uso de una serie de tecnologías y tendencias (dentro de la llamada ciencia 2.0), está ayudando a incentivar y facilitar comportamientos de investigación colaborativa entre investigadores de distintas universidades y países. Este texto repasa algunos de estos servicios, así como reflexiona acerca de los posibles efectos de su uso en los patrones de producción y consumo de información científica.[EN] The main task of a scientific documentation manager is to provide help and coverage to researchers, usually in two ways: scientific watch and visibility. The recent emergence and use of a range of technologies and trends (within the so-called Science 2.0) is helping to encourage and facilitate collaborative research between researchers in different universities and countries. This paper reviews some of these services, and reflects on possible effects of their use in scientific information production and consumption patterns.Serrano Cobos, JI.; Orduña Malea, E.; Robles Cepero, D. (2009). El profesional de la información ante la colaboración científica y la Ciencia 2.0. Anuario ThinkEPI. 3:141-144. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/63846S141144

Plan de intervención fisioterápico en una paciente adulta con parálisis cerebral

Introducción: La parálisis cerebral (PC) describe un grupo de trastornos del desarrollo del tono postural y del movimiento de carácter persistente, secundarios a una agresión no progresiva en un cerebro inmaduro, que condicionan una limitación de la actividad. Es la causa más frecuente de discapacidad motriz infantil y persiste en la edad adulta. En las últimas décadas la esperanza de vida ha aumentado considerablemente, casi comparable a la de individuos con desarrollo normal. Objetivos: Realizar un plan de intervención fisioterápico y valorar la eficacia del mismo en una paciente adulta con parálisis cerebral, estableciendo unos objetivos de tratamiento que cubran las necesidades de la misma. Metodología: Estudio de diseño intrasujeto AB de caso único, en el cual se han realizado valoraciones pre y post intervención. El tratamiento ha sido individualizado y específico tras realizar una valoración fisioterápica, un diagnóstico fisioterápico y establecido unos objetivos. Se ha llevado a cabo combinando diferentes metodologías de tratamiento (Kabat, Frenkel, Perfetti). Desarrollo: El seguimiento de la paciente ha sido durante tres meses y dos semanas tras el cual, como era previsible, no se han obtenido resultados cuantificables destacables. Conclusiones: En aspectos generales se ha obtenido mayor calidad de vida de la paciente, debido a una favorable mejoría de las funciones en las cuales se habían fijado los objetivos propuestos

Parámetros hematológicos en equinos de tracción

A hundred carriage horses from Santa Clara city were randomly sampled and each one hematologically tested by taking a 5 mL blood sample directly from the jugular. Hemoglobin was determined by the cyanmethemoglobin test through spectrophotometry, blood globules added volume by the microhematocrit test, and total white cells by counting at the Neubauer chamber. Average hemoglobin and hematocrit values showed significant differences (P<0,05). 52 % of the tested carriage horses had hemoglobin values ranging from 70 to 100 g/L blood, while 45 % of them had microhematocrit values from 0,25 to 0,32 L/L, which confirms their anemic condition. Average hemoglobin and hematocrit values were 100 g/L and 0,32 L/L, respectively, while average white cells value was 9,7 g/L. The linear regression analysis proved that the hematocrit variable depends on the hemoglobin variable in a 90 %, besides, a 0,02 unit change in hemoglobin caused a whole unit change in hematocrit. All results were processed by the statistical package Stadgraphic Plus. Version 5.1 and analyzed by the descriptive method. Frequency tables and a simple linear regression test are included. Hematocrit and hemoglobin average values were compared to the average referential values by a hypothesis test.Se tomó una muestra al azar de 100 caballos destinados a la transportación de pasajeros en la ciudad de Santa Clara, provincia de Villa Clara, Cuba, a los que se les extrajo 5 mL de sangre directamente de la yugular para análisis hematológicos. La hemoglobina se determinó por la técnica de la cianometahemoglobina por espectrofotometría, el volumen globular agregado por la técnica del microhematócrito y el total de glóbulos blancos por recuento en la cámara de Neubauer. Existieron diferencias significativas (P<0,05) entre los valores promedios de hemoglobina y hematócrito. Se pudo constatar que el 52 % de los equinos analizados presentaron valores de hemoglobina entre 70 y 100 g/L de sangre. El 45 % de los caballos presentaron valores de microhematócrito entre 0,25 y 0,32 L/L, que corrobora un estado anémico. Los valores promedios de hemoglobina y hematócrito fueron de 100 g/L y 0,32 L/L respectivamente; los de glóbulos blancos, de 9,7 g/L . El análisis de regresión lineal permitió establecer que la variable hematócrito depende de la variable hemoglobina en un 90 %; además, se pudo determinar que de variar la hemoglobina en 0,02 unidades, el hematócrito variaría en una unidad. Todos los resultados fueron procesados con el paquete estadístico Stargraph Plus. Versión 5.1. Se analizaron a través del método descriptivo y se realizaron tablas de frecuencia así como un análisis de regresión lineal simple. Los valores medios de hematócrito y hemoglobina fueron contrastados con los valores promedios referenciales para la especie mediante una prueba de hipótesis

Characterization of the regulation of mitochondrial events during apoptosis

Apoptosis is genetically encoded program that maintains tissue homeostasis in multicellular organisms. Dysregulation of the apoptotic machinery can lead to disease states such as cancer, autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. The Bcl-2 and the caspase family are two of the gene families involved in the regulation and execution of apoptosis. Efficient destruction and phagocytosis of the cell ensures that apoptotic cells do not initiate an immune response. Several biochemical hallmarks distinguish apoptosis from alternate forms of death, such as necrosis, among these cellular shrinkage, chromatin condensation and loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi m). The mitochondria play an essential role during apoptosis by releasing apoptogenic factors that initiate a caspase cascade. These changes are well described, however the effects of caspases on the mitochondrial function remain poorly characterized. The focus of this dissertation is to characterize the changes that occur in mitochondrial physiology during apoptosis. We have shown that the release of cytochrome c and the loss of Deltapsim are separate and independent events. Using TNFalpha-induced apoptosis, as a model of the extrinsic cell death pathway, we show that overexpression of Bcl-xL does not inhibit TNFalpha-induced caspase-3 activation or apoptosis in the IL-3 dependent cell line FL5.12 cells. While ectopic expression of Bcl-xL fails to inhibit TNFalpha-induced apoptosis, Bcl-x L retains its ability to prevent cytochrome c release; however, it cannot prevent loss of the Deltapsim. These data suggest that cytochrome c release and loss of the Deltapsi m are two separate and independent events and that loss of the Deltapsi m occurs independent of Bcl-xL and the permeability transition pore, as the inhibitor cyclosporin A has no effect. Additionally, loss of the Deltapsim was prevented only when effector caspase activity was inhibited, suggesting that effector caspases may cause the loss of the Deltapsi m. Taken together, mitochondria can occupy two positions in the death pathway, as initiators of apoptosis and as targets of the caspase cascade. To further characterize the effects of caspases on mitochondrial function, we investigated the consequences of caspase-9 and effector caspase inhibition on mitochondrial physiology in the intrinsic cell death pathway. Inhibition of either caspase-9 or effector caspases prevents the complete loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential without affecting cytochrome c release. When effector caspases are inhibited, mitochondria release cytochrome c, are uncoupled from ATP production and produce reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, the effector caspase-mediated depolarization of the mitochondria occurs independent of the activity of complexes I--IV of the electron transport chain, suggesting that effector caspases do not target these complexes. In contrast, when caspase-9 is inactivated mitochondria remain coupled to ATP production and fail to produce ROS, despite the release of cytochrome c. Take n together these data suggest that caspase-9 prevents the accessibility of cytochrome c to complex III, resulting in the increased production of reactive oxygen specie and that effector caspases may depolarize mitochondria to terminate ROS production and preserve an apoptotic phenotype

Histopatología experimental del sistema nervioso central en la encefalitis equina del este

Premio Santiago Ramón y Cajal 194

El profesional de la información ante la colaboración científica y la Ciencia 2.0

The main task of a scientific documentation manager is to provide help and coverage to researchers, usually by two activities: scientific watch and visibility. The recent emergence and use of a range of technologies and trends (within the so-called Science 2.0), is helping to encourage and facilitate conduct collaborative research between researchers in different universities and countries. This paper reviews some of these services, and reflects on possible effects of their use in scientific information production and consumption’ patterns

Potent Inhibition of CTLA-4 Expression by an Anti-CTLA-4 Ribozyme

Blockading the negative-regulatory CTLA-4 receptor has emerged as a powerful strategy with clinical potential to enhance T-cell responses. Some experimental tumors, for example, are rejected when anti-CTLA-4 antibodies are administered in vivo. The concise target cells and downstream events, however, remain to be defined. The development of gene transfer reagents that inhibit CTLA-4 may facilitate such investigations and may expand the therapeutic range. This communication describes an anti-CTLA-4 hairpin ribozyme that specifically abrogates CTLA-4 expression after gene transfer into a murine T-cell model. The analysis of multiple and independently derived clones and bulk cultures showed that CTLA-4 induction was inhibited >90% at the RNA level and that it was undetectable at the protein level, with and without selective pressure. This potent inhibition required the catalytic function of the ribozyme. The anti-CTLA-4 ribozyme may be an alternative tool with which to continue the functional and therapeutical exploration of CTLA-4