Prácticas de riesgo para transmisión de VIH en estudiantes de medicina de Latinoamérica y el Caribe, 2017

El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar las prácticas de riesgo para transmisión de VIH en estudiantes de medicina de Latinoamérica y el Caribe durante los meses de Enero a Febrero de 2017. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal, con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia en estudiantes de medicina de Latinoamérica y el Caribe, desde enero a febrero de 2017. Se escogió a estudiantes de medicina del primer al séptimo año de la carrera. Se procedió a la publicación en redes sociales del cuestionario electrónico mediante Google Doc©. Los resultados se expresan en tablas de frecuencias. Fueron incluidos 638 estudiantes de medicina, teniendo el 67,08% (428) una edad comprendida entre 20 a 24 años. Del total de encuestados el 56,02% ha practicado sexo anal, 88,65% ha practicado sexo oral, y 57,06% sexo vaginal en los últimos 6 meses. El 24,43% de los encuestados nunca ha utilizado condón durante sus relaciones sexuales. El 3,49% han pagado alguna vez por sexo, 27,57% ha ingerido alcohol durante las relaciones sexuales y 4,36% ha mantenido relaciones sexuales con usuarios de drogas intravenosas mientras que 63,88% nunca se ha hecho una prueba rápida para VIH. Las prácticas de riesgos más frecuentes fueron la baja utilización de condón durante la última relación sexual, la utilización de alcohol durante la relación sexual y la baja realización de prueba para VIH

Chiapas : entre el autoritarismo y la transición democrática, desde Acteal hasta el diálogo EZLN y sociedad civil

Obra cuya intención es dar cuenta de los diversos actores sociales involucrados en el conflicto de Chiapas, a nivel político, económico y sociocultural. El texto recupera un taller de análisis de coyuntura sobre el tema, realizado en agosto de 1998.ITESO, A.C

Coral microbiome composition along the northern Red Sea suggests high plasticity of bacterial and specificity of endosymbiotic dinoflagellate communities

Background The capacity of reef-building corals to tolerate (or adapt to) heat stress is a key factor determining their resilience to future climate change. Changes in coral microbiome composition (particularly for microalgal endosymbionts and bacteria) is a potential mechanism that may assist corals to thrive in warm waters. The northern Red Sea experiences extreme temperatures anomalies, yet corals in this area rarely bleach suggesting possible refugia to climate change. However, the coral microbiome composition, and how it relates to the capacity to thrive in warm waters in this region, is entirely unknown. Results We investigated microbiomes for six coral species (Porites nodifera, Favia favus, Pocillopora damicornis, Seriatopora hystrix, Xenia umbellata, and Sarcophyton trocheliophorum) from five sites in the northern Red Sea spanning 4° of latitude and summer mean temperature ranges from 26.6 °C to 29.3 °C. A total of 19 distinct dinoflagellate endosymbionts were identified as belonging to three genera in the family Symbiodiniaceae (Symbiodinium, Cladocopium, and Durusdinium). Of these, 86% belonged to the genus Cladocopium, with notably five novel types (19%). The endosymbiont community showed a high degree of host-specificity despite the latitudinal gradient. In contrast, the diversity and composition of bacterial communities of the surface mucus layer (SML)—a compartment particularly sensitive to environmental change—varied significantly between sites, however for any given coral was species-specific. Conclusion The conserved endosymbiotic community suggests high physiological plasticity to support holobiont productivity across the different latitudinal regimes. Further, the presence of five novel algal endosymbionts suggests selection of certain genotypes (or genetic adaptation) within the semi-isolated Red Sea. In contrast, the dynamic composition of bacteria associated with the SML across sites may contribute to holobiont function and broaden the ecological niche. In doing so, SML bacterial communities may aid holobiont local acclimatization (or adaptation) by readily responding to changes in the host environment. Our study provides novel insight about the selective and endemic nature of coral microbiomes along the northern Red Sea refugia

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

PACA-MAX : ¡El mejor alimento, todo el año!

Seminario Desarrollo de Emprendedores. 2012. Carrera CUSE. Docente Lic. Eduardo García.La empresa PACA-MAX, es una empresa que se propone suplir alimento de calidad para el ganado bovino, equino y caprino del país, ante las problemáticas alimenticias de la ganadería estacionaria. Actualmente la empresa ofrece pacas de alto nivel nutricional, comprimidas las cuales se distribuyen por todo el territorio nacional. Posee el objetivo de ser una empresa comprometida a mejorar los alimentos que los animales consumen a través de ofrecer las mejores soluciones en alimentación a los productores pecuarios del país tanto en calidad, economía, y servicio

Apomixis y su importancia en la selección y mejoramiento de gramineas forrajeras tropicales. revisión

Apomixis is a reproductive system resulting in seed production without gametes fusion, and produces, through generations, offspring that is a genetic copy from the maternal progenitor. Apomixis importance is widespread among tropical grasses: Bothriochloa, Bouteloua, Brachiaria, Callipedium, Cenchrus, Dichanthium, Eragrostis, Hyparrhenia, Melinis, Panicum, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Setaria, Tripsacum, Urochloa, among the most important. Apomictic species contain diploid as well as polyploid individuals conforming "agamic complexes" and reproductive barriers limited both by apomixis as well as ploidy level which has a great impact on apomictic species utilization. Diploid individuals maintain active the sexuality and these are rare out of the center of specie's genetic origin center. Polyploid individuals in nature are apomictic, and sexual individuals may be induced to polyploidy in the laboratory, allowing hybrid descendants production. Genetic richness originated within the specie's center of diversity is the basis to overcome productive challenges and ecological stability: dry season productivity, nitrogen fixation, forage quality, pest and disease resistance, etc., as it has been shown by successful breeding programs for Brachiaria and Panicum, between the most recognized for Latin America, and Cenchrus in USA. Apomixis research advancements has elucidated the biology for this reproductive process as well as the techniques for its manipulation, however, the impact of this advancements on forage research in México has promoted a critical review on forage genetic resources utilization, resulting in an increased interest on hybrid material production to face the requirements for extensive grazing production systems in Mexico.Apomixis es un tipo reproductivo donde la producción de semilla ocurre sin fusión de gametos, resultando por generaciones, en descendencia que genéticamente, es copia fiel del progenitor materno. La apomixis se encuentra ampliamente distribuida entre las gramí­neas forrajeras tropicales: Bothriochloa, Bouteloua, Brachiaria, Callipedium, Cenchrus, Dichanthium, Eragrostis, Hyparrhenia, Melinis, Panicum, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Setaria, Tripsacum y Urochloa, entre otros. Las especies apomí­cticas contienen individuos diploides y poliploides conformando "complejos agámicos", donde las barreras reproductivas quedan delimitadas por la apomixis y el nivel de ploidí­a, lo que tiene impacto en su aprovechamiento. Individuos diploides mantienen la sexualidad activa y estos son raros fuera del centro de origen de especie. Los individuos poliploides son apomí­cticos y los individuos sexuales poliploides pueden inducirse en el laboratorio, lo que permite obtener descendencia hí­brida. La riqueza genética, originada del centro de diversidad es la base para superar problemas productivos y de estabilidad ecológica: producción durante la sequí­a, fijación de nitrógeno, calidad, resistencia a plagas y enfermedades, como se ha demostrado en casos exitosos en Brachiaria, Panicum y Cenchrus. Los avances en investigación sobre apomixis han elucidado su biologí­a y diversas técnicas para su manejo. Sin embargo, el impacto de estos avances en la investigación sobre forrajes en México, promueve la recapitulación sobre el aprovechamiento de recursos genéticos y el interés en la generación de hí­bridos para las necesidades de producción en pastoreo extensivo en México

Predicting mortality in penetrating cardiac trauma in developing countries through a new classification: Validation of the Bogotá classification

Abstract Introduction Penetrating chest trauma (PCT) represents 10% of worldwide mortality, with developing countries counting as some of the most affected by high mortality rates due to cardiac trauma. Colombia is considered one of the most violent countries due to the high mortality rate associated with war and crime, hence the validation of an own classification for penetrating cardiac injuries (PCI) is mandatory. Methods Retrospective cross‐sectional study which included adult patients with PCIs at a level 4 trauma center in Colombia, between January 2018 and April 2020. We used our own system (Bogotá Classification) and compared it with traditional systems (e.g., Ivatury's, OIS‐AAST), by analyzing the mechanism of injury (MOI), the hemodynamic status of the patient at admission, the inpatient management, the individual outcomes, and some demographic variables. Bivariate statistical analysis, spearman correlation, and logistic regression were performed. Results Four hundred and ninety‐nine patients were included. Bivariate analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between mortality and hemodynamic state, MOI, its location and degree of lesion, cardiac/vessel injury, cardiac tamponade, time between injury and medical care, fluid reanimation, as well as the Ivatury's classification and the new classification (p < 0.005). The adequate correlation between Ivatury's and Bogotá classification supports the latter's clinical utility for patients presenting with PCI. Likewise, logistic regression showed a statistically significant association among mortality rates (p < 0.005). Conclusions The Bogotá classification showed similar performance to the Ivatury's classification, correlating most strongly with mortality. This scale could be replicated in countries with similar social and economic contexts

El maíz

Presenta un material ágil y ameno con contenidos referidos al maíz que permitirá a los docentes un recurso didáctico para desarrollar las competencias del programa curricular