Peningkatan Aktivitas dan Hasil Pembelajaran IPA dengan Media Realia Kelas IV Sdn 11 Tanjung Lokang

The problem in this study is the use of realia media can enhance learners' learning activities in the Natural Sciences students fourth grade SDN 11 Tanjung Lokang, Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu. Based on initial observations and interviews with teachers and students found aktivits learners are still low . The method used is deskriftip the form of action research and collaborative nature of the research is to follow the action research procedures , including planning , implementation , observation , and reflection . Research subjects that students fourth grade class SDN 11 Tanjung Lokang, Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu, amounting to 12 students and SDN 17 teachers Nanga Bungan, Kapuas Hulu as teacher collaboration . This research was conducted by 2 cycles , the results obtained are based on research that has been done on improving the activity and natural science learning outcomes using realia media on learners SDN 11 Tanjung Lokang, Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu. Can be summarized as follows. Increased physical activity first cycle 65.38 % to 83.33 % in the second cycle , the first cycle of mental activity of 46.15 % to 65.38 % on second cycle, emotional activity first cycle 42.30 % to 69.23 % in cycle second , while the study of students first cycle 60.01% to second cycle 72 % . From the data obtained it can be concluded that the increase in activity and the Natural Sciences learning outcomes using realia media on learners SDN 11 Tanjung Lokang, Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu

Clones with finitely many relative R-classes

For each clone C on a set A there is an associated equivalence relation analogous to Green's R-relation, which relates two operations on A iff each one is a substitution instance of the other using operations from C. We study the clones for which there are only finitely many relative R-classes.Comment: 41 pages; proofs improved, examples adde

Quaternary capable folds and seismic hazard in Lombardia (Northern Italy): the Castenedolo structure near Brescia.

We identify evidence of late Quaternary compressive tectonics in the Northern sector of the Central Po Plain through a systematic revision of the literature, new field mapping, and a new study of seismic reflection data obtained by ENI E&P. In particular, the reinterpretation of ca. 18.000 km of seismic profiles clearly shows a belt of segmented, 10 to 20 km long, fault propagation folds, controlled by the Plio-Quaternary growth of several out-of-sequence thrusts. As an example of this active structural style, in this paper we focus on a buried fold located just south of the Castenedolo Hill, a few km SE of Brescia. Although the Castenedolo anticline has long ago been described as a young compressional structure (e.g., DESIO, 1965), no detailed structural analysis of this feature has been performed until now. We calculated the uplift rates of this fold through the analysis of its syntectonic sedimentary record as imaged by the extremely high quality ENI E&P subsurface data available in the area. The evolution of this anticline was a discontinuous process characterized by several tectonic uplift pulses (with rates of ca. 0.1 mm/yr) of different duration, separated by periods of variable extent in which no fold growth occurred. The Quaternary growth history of this anticline and the presence of faulted and folded late Pleistocene to Holocene deposits at nearby sites (Ciliverghe and Monte Netto) demonstrate that the significant seismicity of this area (e.g., the December 25, 1222, Io = IX MCS Brescia earthquake, MAGRI & MOLIN, 1986; GUIDOBONI, 1986) must be related to active compressional structures within the Brescia piedmont belt. Our regional investigations show that the structural and paleoseismic setting illustrated near Castenedolo is typical of the whole Lombardia domain of the Southern Alps. This implies that the currently accepted seismotectonic model for this region, and related seismic hazard assessment, should be thoroughly and carefully re-evaluated

Country Insurance

The recent wave of financial crises has fueled the debate on the effect of IFIs intervention on governments' incentives to undertake reforms. In this paper we treat this intervention more generally as a country insurance contract, and examine its implications in a stylized set-up. More precisely, we identify the conditions under which the positive insurance effect dominates moral hazard considerations, and the channels through which this is achieved. In particular, we find that the case for country insurance is stronger for crisis-prone volatile economies, especially so if assistance is made contingent on the occurrence of adverse external macroeconomic shocks. Overall, our findings argue in favor of fairly-priced country insurance or insurance-type standing credit facilities that can be factored in ex ante by the borrowing government, as opposed to the customized discretionary bailoutsFinancial Crises, Bailouts, Moral Hazard, Insurance Effect,

The scaling limit of the incipient infinite cluster in high-dimensional percolation. II. Integrated super-Brownian excursion

For independent nearest-neighbour bond percolation on Z^d with d >> 6, we prove that the incipient infinite cluster's two-point function and three-point function converge to those of integrated super-Brownian excursion (ISE) in the scaling limit. The proof is based on an extension of the new expansion for percolation derived in a previous paper, and involves treating the magnetic field as a complex variable. A special case of our result for the two-point function implies that the probability that the cluster of the origin consists of n sites, at the critical point, is given by a multiple of n^{-3/2}, plus an error term of order n^{-3/2-\epsilon} with \epsilon >0. This is a strong statement that the critical exponent delta is given by delta =2.Comment: 56 pages, 3 Postscript figures, in AMS-LaTeX, with graphicx, epic, and xr package

T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, cytotoxicity activity and vaccine response in HIV-exposed uninfected infants

Orientador: Maria Marluce dos Santos VilelaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias MedicasResumo: Uso de antiretrovirais pela gestante, parto cesárea na 38ª semana de gestação, administração intravenosa de zidovudina durante o parto e por via oral para o recém-nascido além de não aleitamento materno são medidas empregadas com sucesso para reduzir a transmissão vertical do HIV. Essas recomendações, associadas ao ambiente intrauterino alterado pela infecção materna, interferem no crescimento e desenvolvimento do feto/embrião podendo levar a disfunção mitocondrial e alterações hematológicas e imunológicas. O presente trabalho incluiu, no estudo referido como capítulo I, 33 lactentes com exposição vertical ao HIV não infectados (ENI) e 47 lactentes não expostos ao vírus (NE) e, no estudo referido no capítulo II, 51 ENI e 112 NE, todos com mediana de idade de 7 meses. Comparamos ENI e NE em relação ao peso de nascimento, à contagem de linfócitos TCD3, TCD4+, TCD8+, CD3-CD16+CD56+ (natural killer), atividade citotóxica de células mononucleares do sangue periférico para células tumorais K562 e resposta humoral para as vacinas hepatite B, difteria e tétano (Instituto Butantan-SP, Brasil). Os resultados mostram baixo peso ao nascimento e reduzida contagem de linfócitos TCD3, TCD4+ e TCD8+ entre os lactentes do grupo ENI. Resultados inéditos desse estudo foram uma reduzida resposta protetora à vacina da hepatite B, títulos baixos de anticorpos IgG para o toxóide tetânico e normais para o toxóide diftérico para os lactentes ENI. Além disso, encontramos para esse grupo uma contagem normal de células natural killer e preservada atividade citotóxica de células mononucleares do sangue periférico. Concluímos que o grupo de lactentes jovens ENI apresenta baixo peso ao nascer e alteração no desenvolvimento da imunidade adaptativa, necessitando de orientação específica para o calendário de vacinação.Abstract: Use of antiretroviral drugs by the pregnant woman, cesarean delivery at 38 weeks of gestation, intravenous zidovudine during delivery and orally to the newborn, in addition to not breastfeeding, are recommendations used successfully to reduce vertical transmission of HIV. These recommendations, coupled with the intrauterine environment altered by maternal infection, interfere with growth and development of the fetus/ embryo and may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and hematological and immunological changes. In the study referred to as Chapter I were included 33 HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) and 47 healthy infants not exposed to the virus (NE) and in the study referred to as Chapter II, 51 ENI and 112 NE, all of them with median age of 7 months. We compared HEU and NE with respect to birth weight, TCD3 lymphocyte, CD4+, CD8+ and CD3-CD16+CD56+ (natural killer) counts, cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells against tumor cells K562 and humoral response to hepatitis B, diphtheria and tetanus vaccine (Instituto Butantan, SP, Brazil). The results show low birth weight and reduced lymphocyte count TCD3, CD4 + and CD8 + among infants of the HEU group. Inedited results of this study were a reduced protective response to hepatitis B vaccine, lower antitetanus titres of and normal anti-diphtheria titres for the HEU infants. Furthermore, we observed to the HEU group a normal count of natural killer cells and preserved cytotoxic activity of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We conclude that the group of HEU young infants has a low birth weight and changes in the development of adaptive immunity, requiring specific guidance for the vaccination schedule.MestradoSaude da Criança e do AdolescenteMestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescent