In-Store Recycling - A Consumer Perspective

The aim of the thesis is to study how a segment of Generation Y perceives in-store recycling, a service coined by the authors of this thesis. In-store recycling is a service many fast fashion retailers have begun offering by placing collecting boxes for clothes that consumers wish to be recycled or re-used and in return consumers are rewarded with a voucher to buy new clothes at a discount. To achieve the thesis’s aim a two-part framework is presented. The first framework begins with an introduction into the interrelationship between consumption and waste from a consumer perspective. Thereafter theories and literature that focus on the field of textile recycling is introduced with focus on fast fashion and disposal behavior. The second framework consists of two psychological concepts: moral obligation and cognitive dissonance. Furthermore to enable a deep insight in the consumers’ perspective of in-store recycling a multiple method approach was used. A pre-study in form of observations was followed by the main method of qualitative interviews with ten students at the Service Management program at Lund University. Thereafter two supporting-methods were conducted; interview with Phd candidate Emma Samsioe and unstructured interviews with attendees of a waste prevention seminar hosted by Lund University. The findings of the thesis was the importance of convenience, habit and moral obligation in understanding consumers’ perception, attitude, and behavior on in-store recycling. An interesting conclusion that can be drawn from the empirical findings is that in-store recycling is perceived to be a solution to a symptom (increased textile waste) and not a solution to the real problem (increased levels of consumption). The thesis gives insight into how a particular segment of Generation Y views a reward based in-store recycling service, and will therefore contain valuable information for parties in both the field of retail and waste management.Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera hur ett segment av Generation Y ser på in-store recycling - en tjänst myntad av författarna till arbetet. In-store recycling är en tjänst som många fast fashion retail-bolag har börjat erbjuda genom att placera insamlingslådor för kläder som konsumenter vill ha återvunnet eller återanvänt, och i retur får konsumenten en belöning i form av en rabattkupong. För att uppnå uppsatsens syfte har ett tvådelat teoretiskt ramverk genomförts. Det första ramverket behandlar koncepten konsumtion och avfall, därefter presenteras teorier och tidigare forskning på avyttrandet av textilier med fokus på dess koppling med fast fashion och beteende. Det andra ramverket behandlar psykologiska koncepten: kognitiv dissonans och moralisk skyldighet. Vidare för att möjliggöra en djup insikt i konsumenternas perspektiv av in-store recycling användes ett flertal metoder. En förstudie i form av observationer följdes av den huvudsakliga metoden; kvalitativa intervjuer med tio studenter på Service Management utbildningen vid Lunds universitet. Därefter genomfördes två stödjande metoder; intervju med blivande doktorand Emma Samsioe och ostrukturerade intervjuer med deltagare på ett avfallsförebyggande seminarium anordnat av Lunds universitet. Resultatet av uppsatsen är vikten av bekvämlighet, vana och moralisk skyldighet för att förstå konsumenternas perspektiv, beteende och attityd mot in-store recycling. En intressant slutsats som kan dras från empirin är att in-store recycling uppfattas vara en lösning på ett symptom (ökad textilavfall) och inte en lösning på det verkliga problemet (ökad konsumtion). Avhandlingen ger en inblick i hur ett segment av Generation Y ser en belönings baserad textilåtervinningstjänst, och kommer därför att innehålla värdefull information för aktörer i både retail- och avfallsbranschen

Reactions of Persons with Dementia to Caregivers Singing in Morning Care Situations

’Music therapeutic caregiving’, when caregivers sing for or together with persons with severe dementia during care situations, has been suggested as a way to reduce problematic behaviors in dementia care. The present study implemented this technique as an intervention in dementia care. Six caregivers participated in group interviews about their experiences of morning care situations without and with’Music therapeutic caregiving’. Through a qualitative content analysis two themes emerged.’Being in a different reality’ was based on’usual’ morning care situations. The caregivers’ experienced the persons with dementia as absent-minded; communication and cooperation were difficult. The second theme,’Being present’, was based on morning care situations with the intervention. The caregivers described communication as enhanced; the persons with dementia expressed themselves more appropriately, making cooperation possible. The results indicate that’Music therapeutic caregiving’ might lead to a more positive experience of the person with dementia and seems to increase receptivity to caregiving

Attitudes of nurses and student nurses towards working with older people and to gerontological nursing as a career in Germany, Scotland, Slovenia, Sweden, Japan and the United States.

The aim of this study was to describe attitudes towards caring for older people among nurses and student nurses in six participating countries. Working with older people has historically had a negative profile and, with a global rise in the numbers of older people and a global shortage of nurses, it is essential to recruit nurses into this area. This study gathered data from six countries to explore nurses' and student nurses' attitudes to nursing older people and to gerontological nursing as a career. A convenience sample of 1064 nursing students and 2585 nurses in six countries answered the Multifactorial Attitudes Questionnaire (MAQ), designed to elicit attitudes towards caring for older people and to the esteem that comes with working in this field. The MAQ consists of seven positive and thirteen negative statements, and uses a Likert scale. A higher total score indicates a more positive attitude. Differences in attitudes among the six counties was observed for both nursing students and for nurses ( < 0.001). Nursing students in Scotland and the USA had the highest mean scores, and Slovenia and Sweden were the countries with the lowest mean scores. The highest scores for nurses were reported in Scotland and Sweden, and the lowest scores in Germany and Japan. From the findings, it is suggested that formal nursing education to students between 18 and 29 years of age has high importance for positive attitudes towards working with older people

Care of the old—A matter of ethics, organization and relationships

The world stands on the threshold of a demographic revolution called global ageing. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the population aged 60 and over is expected to increase from today's 650 million to an estimated 2 billion by 2050. Alongside demographic changes, dramatic changes can also be observed in older people's services. The shift has resulted in reduced government spending on caring for ill and frail older people in health care. Today, many governments have developed strategies to keep older people living well in their private home for as long as possible and have replaced long-term care institutions with residential homes. The aim of this study was to illuminate the meaning of caring for older people as experienced by health care students and professionals working in this field. Interviews were carried out with 17 women and one man, aged 21–65 years; six were Registered Nurses (RN), six were Enrolled Nurses (EN) and six were nursing students. The interviews were analyzed with a phenomenological hermeneutical approach and provided three themes and eight sub-themes: Ethical moral self with sub-themes “meeting the needs of the old”, “pliability towards the old”, and “difficulties in meeting aggressiveness”; Organizational and co-workers ethical moral actions with sub-themes, “co-workers who are offensive”, and “supportive and non-supportive leaders”: The relation with the old persons and their relatives with sub-themes “fellowship and closeness in the relation”, “uncertainty and fear in the relation”, and, “demands from the older persons’ close relatives”

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Swedish Male Population : Prevalence, Distress and Quality of Life

The aim the thesis was to investigate, the prevalence of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS). Moreover, we examine symptom severity and different levels of distress and describe how different symptoms from the lower urinary tract affect the self-assessed health, sadness, happiness and the quality of life in men. The studies are based on two data collections. In the first data collection, all men aged 40 – 80 years (n=2571) living in the Swedish community received a postal questionnaire. Twelve months later, 504 men who had earlier reported LUTS and 504 who had not reported symptoms were asked to complete the DAN-PSS and the SF-36 questionnaires. The overall prevalence of LUTS was 24%. Post-micturition dribbling (21%) was the most frequent symptom, and stress incontinence (2%) was the least frequent symptom. Urge incontinence, stress incontinence and “other” incontinence cause a high level of distress, even if the symptoms do not occur very often. Men experiencing mild, moderate or severe urge, stress or “other incontinence” had lower mean scores for all of the eight dimensions measured by the SF-36 than men without the same symptoms. Men experiencing a moderate/severe degree of weak stream or nocturia reported a poorer quality of life in all dimensions compared to men with a mild level of the same symptoms. The total burden of moderate/severe LUTS is related to self-assessed health, sadness and happiness. For each of the 12 specific LUTS, men with mild, moderate or severe symptoms had lower scores for self-assessed health and happiness, and higher scores for self-assessed sadness, than men without the same symptoms. In conclusions, one of every four men reports LUTS. Urinary incontinence causes high level of distress even to men who experience this symptom rarely. LUTS have a negative impact on quality of life, health, sadness and happiness

Evaluation of communication behavior in persons with dementia during caregivers’ singing

The number of persons with dementia (PWD) is increasing rapidly worldwide. Cognitive impairments and communication difficulties are common among PWD. Therefore, gaining mutual togetherness in caring relation between PWD and their caregivers is important. This study was to investigate the effects of music therapeutic care (MTC) during morning care situations on improving verbal and nonverbal communication behaviors in people with dementia. An observation study with 10 PWD participating. Videotaped interactions (VIO) between PWD and their caregivers were conducted during eight weekly sessions, four recordings consisted of usual morning care and four recordings were of morning care with MTC intervention. The Verbal and Nonverbal Interaction Scale was used to analyze the recorded interactions at a later time. The unsociable verbal variable Cursing decreased significantly (P=.037) during MTC when compared with the baseline measurement. A significant (P=.000) reduction was observed for the unsociable nonverbal variable Does not respond to question. MTC significantly (P=.01) increased the mean score for the sociable nonverbal variable – Calm – relaxed. For sociable verbal communication, significant differences were observed for the variables Use coherent communication (P=.012), Use relevant communication (P=.009), Responds to questions (P=.000), Humming (P=.004), Singing (P=.000). MTC during morning care situations can be an effective non-pharmacological treatment, as well as nursing intervention in order to improve sociable communication behaviors, as well as reduce unsociable communication behaviors of PWDs

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Swedish Male Population : Prevalence, Distress and Quality of Life

The aim the thesis was to investigate, the prevalence of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS). Moreover, we examine symptom severity and different levels of distress and describe how different symptoms from the lower urinary tract affect the self-assessed health, sadness, happiness and the quality of life in men. The studies are based on two data collections. In the first data collection, all men aged 40 – 80 years (n=2571) living in the Swedish community received a postal questionnaire. Twelve months later, 504 men who had earlier reported LUTS and 504 who had not reported symptoms were asked to complete the DAN-PSS and the SF-36 questionnaires. The overall prevalence of LUTS was 24%. Post-micturition dribbling (21%) was the most frequent symptom, and stress incontinence (2%) was the least frequent symptom. Urge incontinence, stress incontinence and “other” incontinence cause a high level of distress, even if the symptoms do not occur very often. Men experiencing mild, moderate or severe urge, stress or “other incontinence” had lower mean scores for all of the eight dimensions measured by the SF-36 than men without the same symptoms. Men experiencing a moderate/severe degree of weak stream or nocturia reported a poorer quality of life in all dimensions compared to men with a mild level of the same symptoms. The total burden of moderate/severe LUTS is related to self-assessed health, sadness and happiness. For each of the 12 specific LUTS, men with mild, moderate or severe symptoms had lower scores for self-assessed health and happiness, and higher scores for self-assessed sadness, than men without the same symptoms. In conclusions, one of every four men reports LUTS. Urinary incontinence causes high level of distress even to men who experience this symptom rarely. LUTS have a negative impact on quality of life, health, sadness and happiness

Attitudes towards Older People among Swedish Health Care Students and Health Sare Professionals Working in Elder Care

The proportion of older people in the general population has increased and will continue to increase during the coming decade. Therefore, a positive attitude towards older people is important. The aim of the study was to gain knowledge about attitudes towards older people among health care students and health care staff in Swedish elder care settings. The study includes a convenience sample of 928 respondents comprised of health care students and three groups of professional caregivers [registered nurses (RNs) with university degrees, certified nursing assistants (CNAs), nurses] in a variety of health care settings in Sweden. The participants completed the Kogan’s Old People (KOPS) Scale with 17 positive (OP+) and 17 negative (OP–) statements. The statements score ranged from 17 to 85 respectively. A significant (P&lt;0.05) difference in both positive and negative scores was observed among the three professional caregiver groups. RNs had the highest positive score (OP+:64) as well as the lowest negative score (OP–:36). Health care students in semester one had the most unfavourable attitude toward older people (OP–:41) while students in semester two had the most favourable attitude toward older people (OP+:62). RNs reported both a higher positive score as well as lower negative score compared to nurses without an academic degree and CNAs. In addition, we found that progression in one’s health care education contributes to reduce unfavourable attitudes toward older people. Health care professionals need to have the right skills to manage a more demanding role in the future in order to offer effective services for older people. A skilled workforce of health professionals is therefore very necessary

Attitudes towards older people among Swedish health care students and health care professionals working in elder care

The proportion of older people in the general population has increased and will continue to increase during the coming decade. Therefore, a positive attitude towards older people is important. The aim of the study was to gain knowledge about attitudes towards older people among health care students and health care staff in Swedish elder care settings. The study includes a convenience sample of 928 respondents comprised of health care students and three groups of professional caregivers [registered nurses (RNs) with university degrees, certified nursing assistants (CNAs), nurses] in a variety of health care settings in Sweden. The participants completed the Kogan&rsquo;s Old People (KOPS) Scale with 17 positive (OP+) and 17 negative (OP&ndash;) statements. The statements score ranged from 17 to 85 respectively. A significant (P&lt;0.05) difference in both positive and negative scores was observed among the three professional caregiver groups. RNs had the highest positive score (OP+:64) as well as the lowest negative score (OP&ndash;:36). Health care students in semester one had the most unfavourable attitude toward older people (OP&ndash;:41) while students in semester two had the most favourable attitude toward older people (OP+:62). RNs reported both a higher positive score as well as lower negative score compared to nurses without an academic degree and CNAs. In addition, we found that progression in one&rsquo;s health care education contributes to reduce unfavourable attitudes toward older people. Health care professionals need to have the right skills to manage a more demanding role in the future in order to offer effective services for older people. A skilled workforce of health professionals is therefore very necessary

The externa trade in Norrkoping

Denna uppsats är en kvalitativ undersökning som gjorts med hjälp av två personer från Näringslivskontoret, två representanter från två fastighetsbolag samt sju intervjuer med företag på Ingelstaområdet. Med hjälp av dessa har vi kartlagt varför företag etablerar sig på området och hur etableringen gått till samt vad de tycker om den konkurrens som idag råder där. Studien inleds med en beskrivning på hur utvecklingen inom handeln i Sverige har sett ut den senaste tiden och varför ämnet i fråga är intressant att belysa. Därpå presenteras en teoretisk referensram med fokus på kluster och konkurrens. Studien behandlar även bakgrunden till externa köpcentrum och etableringar och hur det kan anpassas till Ingelstaområdet i Norrköping. Av resultatet framkommer att etableringen på Ingelsta har påverkats av den kommunala politiken samt av konsumenternas ökade krav på handeln. De fördelar vi har sett med området är att företagen tillsammans kan locka kunder till området och den största nackdelen är infrastrukturen. Respondenterna anser att det är viktigt att skilja sig från mängden, vilket de har gjort på ett flertal olika sätt. Några av dessa sätt är att ha ett brett sortiment, en bra service eller att erbjuda något extra