Ideal Citizens, Better Workers: National Cash Register Company’s Garden Programmes and Factory Tourism (1897–1913)

Public concerns about the degrading effects of industrial labour on workers' moral and physical development in the 1880s led some American factories to institute garden programmes for their workers. Companies undertaking various forms of welfare work, including the provision of gardens and recreational spaces for employees, initiated factory tours for a curious, mostly middle-class, public to witness the “human side” of industrial relations. National Cash Register Company (NCR) in Dayton, Ohio was among the first to form a large-scale tourist programme to showcase its most recognized form of welfare work: the comprehensive garden programmes for employees, nearby residents, and children. NCR’s factory tour and garden programmes (organized into three components: landscape gardening, children’s gardens, specifically the Boys’ Gardens, and the civic garden campaign) form the subject of this thesis. Employing the concept of the “exhibitionary complex” to factory tourism, the author contextualizes NCR’s factory tour within a broader cultural practice of exposition visits in which the middle class exercised their cultural and moral authority by regulating the working class. This thesis argues NCR’s garden programmes were prescribed to working-class subjects to raise more productive and loyal workers and valued citizens while, at the same time, imparting middle-class virtues about the “respectable family” and suburban home. Gardens and tourism, together, formed a managerial strategy for controlling workers and residents. By focusing on the civic gardening campaign and the children’s gardens on the factory’s grounds, the author examines the gendered involvement of women and boys in NCR’s garden programmes

Holiday Inn at the Bellingham International Airport: environmental impact assessment

The Bellingham International Airport located in Bellingham, Washington in Whatcom County, has a history dating back to 1941 and is currently owned by the Port of Bellingham. The Port of Bellingham is currently looking to expand its property and is opening up to commercial users in order to create jobs and economic growth within the community. They have a current project underway with the Hotel Services Group, LLC to implement the construction of a hotel. The main objective is to construct a Holiday Inn Brand hotel next to the Bellingham International Airport in order to provide convenient lodging for travelers. The proposed full-service hotel will have 153 rooms, a full-service restaurant, an indoor pool, 7,000 square feet of conference room space, as well as 300 stalls of underground and surface parking

The Impact of Globalisation on Building Surveying in Europe

SUMMARY This research examined the impact of globalisation on building surveying in Europe. Globalisation has resulted in the emergence of three large trading blocs or a global economy depending on the view one takes. This has impacted on property in two ways, by creating transnational companies who operate in many countries but require branding of their property, and companies who wish to invest in property markets other than their country of origin. Building Surveyors have professional expertise and knowledge valued in the UK since the 1960 and 1970s but until recently not recognised in Europe, partly due to poor awareness of Building Surveying (BS) expertise, legal constraints, and practises relating to the employment of professionals. This is changing with the establishment of European Surveying associations and the globalisation of the RICS. The results showed four factors provided the reasons for the globalisation of BS skills. These were that Building Surveyors provided a consistent level of service for their clients. Secondly that English is the language of business. Thirdly, clients perceive Europe as a single trading bloc with a need for technical representation in each investment centre, providing them with a fast, knowledgeable service. Fourthly, clients perceive that UK Building Surveyors know what international, or transnational, investors want. The finding on the current demand for the BS services in Europe is that though demand is large, few Building Surveyors are located in Europe. Secondly, both investors and occupiers require the services of Building Surveyors, and local companies / individuals are beginning to use their professional services. Finally, there is a diverse range of demand for the many BS skills