A Conceptual Investigation on Hotel Enterprise Managers’ Innovation and Creativity Characteristics

DergiPark: 725391trakyasobedWhile globalization is increasing and competition conditions are getting harder day by day, businesses are engaged in new and creative activities in order to be permanent in these competitive conditions and to ensure growth by making their profitability sustainable. In this competitive environment, new and creative activities are considered to be an effective tool for hotel managers. In this context, many hotel managers prefer new and creative practices in order to increase the performance of the business. In this survey research, which examines the relationship between the innovation and creativity characteristics of managers in hotel businesses, it is aimed to examine the contribution of managers in innovation and creativity in service to the competitive level of the business within tourism activities. A conceptual structure has been designed by conducting national and international literature review on the subject in reaching information that will be compatible with the purpose of the study. In the light of the findings obtained as a result of the study, it can be concluded that innovation and creativity not only have good or creative ideas, but also contribute to the development of new and creative ideas. At this point, managers should allow working individuals to express their opinions, and while doing so, should approach the process while respecting each individual's problem-solving style.Globalleşmenin arttığı ve rekabet koşullarının her geçen gün biraz daha zorlaştığı günümüzde işletmeler, bu rekabet koşullarında kalıcı olmak ve kârlılıklarını sürdürülebilir bir hale getirerek büyümeyi sağlamak adına yeni ve yaratıcı faaliyetlerde bulunmaktadırlar. Bu rekabetçi ortamda yeni ve yaratıcı faaliyetlerin, otel yöneticileri için etkin bir araç olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda işletmenin performansını arttırmak için birçok otel yöneticisi yeni ve yaratıcı uygulamalara yönelmektedir. Otel işletmelerinde yöneticilerin yenilik ve yaratıcılık özelliklerinin işletmenin rekabet seviyesine katkıları arasındaki ilişkiyi irdeleyen tarama modelinin kullanıldığı bu makalede, turizm faaliyetleri içerisinde yöneticilerin hizmette yenilik, yaratıcılık özelliklerinin işletmenin rekabet seviyesine katkılarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacıyla uyumlu olacak bilgilere ulaşmada konuyla alakalı ulusal ve uluslararası literatür araştırması yapılarak kavramsal bir yapı oluşturulmuştur. Literatür özetinde elde edilen bulgular ışığında, yenilik ve yaratıcılığın yalnızca iyi veya yaratıcı fikirlere sahip olmak değil, çalışanların da yeni ve yaratıcı fikirlerin geliştirilmesine katkısı olarak ortaya çıktığı sonucuna varılabilir. Bu noktada etkin yöneticiler, çalışan bireylerin sorunlarını ifade etmelerine olanak sunmalı ve bunu yaparlarken de her bir bireyin problem çözme tarzına saygı duyarak sürece yaklaşmalıdırlar

Subrecent charophyte flora from Çesşmealti (Izmir Gulf, Western Turkey): Palaeoecological implications

A charophyte assemblage from lower Holocene sediments in ces,mealti (Izmir Gulf, Turkey) is described and illustrated for the first time here. This assemblage is composed of well-preserved gyrogonites and oospores of Lamprothamnium papulosum, which occur in association with seeds of Ruppia cf. maritima and up to eight ostracod species and 22 benthic foraminiferal taxa. The fossil assemblage was extracted from five clay intervals of the SK-2 borehole. The presence of monospecific assemblages of L. papulosum indicates that very shallow (up to 1 m deep), brackish, alkaline, and oligotrophic waters prevailed in the gulf under strong seasonality (marked cyclical changes in humidity and/or temperature). The dominance of germinated gyrogonites suggests that the water salinity of the lagoon decreased during the humid season, reaching at least 10 parts per thousand. The associated ostracod fauna supports the palaeoenvironmental conditions inferred from the flora. Despite the gulf receiving considerable freshwater input, it remained semiconnected to the sea, as indicated by the diverse foraminifera assemblage. The availability of freshwater in the Izmir Gulf during the early Holocene Climatic Optimum, between-9000 and 5000 years BP, might have played an important role for the first human settlements in the area dating back 5500 years BP.Project TUBITAK, 2214-A International Research Fellowship Program (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) [1059B142100601]; Spanish Research Agency (AEI) [PID2020 - 113912 GB -100]; European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [PID2020 - 113912 GB -100]This study was funded by the project TUBITAK, 2214-A International Research Fellowship Program 1059B142100601 Fellowship Number (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) . This work is a contribution of the project IBERINSULA (PID2020 - 113912 GB -100/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) of the Spanish Research Agency (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) . The authors thank the Yumun Engineering Limited Company who performed the borehole campaigns and provided the studied samples. The editor Dr. Elisabeth Gross and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. The English text was cor- rected by Michael Maudsley (Serveis linguistics , University of Barcelona)

A new observation on abnormal development in benthic foraminifers: Peneroplis pertusus (Forskål) - Peneroplis planatus (Fichtel and Moll) togetherness

Se ha investigado la agrupación de foraminíferos alrededor de unsurgimiento submarino en la bahía de Ilica, (Çeşme, Esmirna). Seobservó una fauna rica de foraminíferos, dominada por Peneróli-dos. Los individuos con morfología anormal fueron comunes en 8géneros y 11 especies de Penerólidos. Se observó por primera vezla unión de Peneroplis pertusus (Forskål) y Peneroplis planatus(Fichtel and Moll)

Morphological Anomalies Observed on Vertebralina striata dOrbigny, 1826 Test in the Northern Coast of Karaburun Peninsula (Izmir-Turkey)

Morphological abnormalities have been observed on the test of recent foraminifer samples and locally different ecological conditions, such as, hypersalinity, presence of heavy metals and thermal springs are suggested to be the cause of this phenomenon. Abnormal test development, as well as twins and triplets are commonly observed in natural and artificial saltpans which form hypersaline environments. Submarine freshwater springs can cause extreme seasonal salinity variations on the coastal regions which affects the benthic foraminifer species and results in the abnormal test development. Vertebralina striata d’Orbigny individuals with abnormal aperture morphology have been found in samples collected around the thermal springs in Çeşme-Ilıca Bay. More surprisingly, specimens with similar aperture abnormality have also been observed in samples collected from other two stations on the Karaburun Peninsula. Five of the abnormal specimens had two apertures the others had three. A specimen collected from Ilıca Bay had two apertures, one of which is the typical Vertebralina striata d’Orbigny aperture, but the other was distantly located and rounded. Vertebralina striata d’Orbigny is widely distributed in world's seas, however such aperture abnormalities has not been reported elsewhere. Observation of similar morphological abnormalities in three distinct locations suggests a common cause. The submarine spring found in Ilıca Bay supports the idea that spring waters affect the chemical composition of the seawater locally, leading to this aperture abnormality

FORMACIONES ANORMALES EN FORAMINÍFEROS PENERÓPLIDOS: UNIÓN DE PENEROPLIS- COSCINOSPIRA

A diverse and rich foraminifer fauna has been observed in core and grab samples obtained from Ayvalık (North Aegean coast of Turkey) and Antalya (Southwestern Turkey). Morphologically abnormal individuals of Peneroplis pertusus (Forskål) and P. planatus (Fichtel & Moll) showing Coscinospira characteristics were commonly observed in these sediment samples. Previous findings from Çeşme (East Aegean Sea) indicate that such anomalies in peneroplids are unrare events. The aim of this study is to determine the possible causes of this abnormal test development. Gametes and juveniles of different species of peneroplids may fuse to form such aberrant morphologies. On the other hand, the clusters of Amphicoryna spp. with two or three individuals observed in the Pacific and in the Mediterranean partially support the idea of colony formation.Se ha observado una rica y variada fauna de foraminíferos en muestras obtenidas con dragas y core en Ayvalık (costa norte del Egeo en Turquía) y Antalia (suroeste de Turquía). Frecuentemente se obtuvieron individuos morfológicamente anormales de Peneroplis pertusus (Forskål) y P. planatus (Fichtel & Moll), los cuales mostraban características de Coscinospira. Datos anteriores, obtenidos en Çeşme (este del Mar Egeo), indican que este tipo de anomalías no son raros en peneróplidos. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar las posibles causas del desarrollo anómalo. Los gametos y juveniles de diferentes especies de peneróplidos pueden fundirse en morfologías aberrantes. Por otro lado, las racimos de Amphicoryna spp. con dos o tres individuos, observados en el Pacífico y el Mediterráneo, apoyan, en parte, la idea de formación de colonia

The effect of the transition from order-based production system to continuous production system on sustainable cost reduction: An application in small scale manufactoring business

Günümüzde üretim teknolojilerindeki hızlı gelişmeler ve rekabetin uluslararası bir nitelik kazanması sonucu, işletmelerde ürünlerini daha düşük maliyetlerle, daha yüksek kalitede ve hızlı bir şekilde pazara sunma zorunluluğunu yaratmıştır. Bu bağlamda, maliyetlerin hesaplanma, kontrol edilme ve yönetimine duyulan ihtiyaç daha fazla olmaktadır. Bu noktada işletmelerin rekabet seviyelerini koruyabilmelerinde üretilen ürünlere ait birim maliyetlerini gerçekçi bir biçimde bilmeleri, denetimi ve azaltma çalışmalarının yapılması kaçınılmaz olmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmanın amacı, birim maliyetlerin sağlıklı bir şekilde hesaplanması ve düşürülmesidir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, Küçük ve Orta Büyüklükteki işletmelerde (KOBİ) sürekli üretim sistemi ve üretim faaliyetlerinde zaman etütlü günlük iş emri formu oluşturularak personel bazlı verimliliğin artışı ile sürdürülebilir maliyet azaltımına katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Maliyetlerin sağlıklı bir biçimde tespiti ve atıl kapasitenin belirlenmesinde ise Sürece Dayalı Faaliyet Tabanlı Maliyetleme (SDFTM) yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre, uygulanan sistemin verimlilik artışı ve sürdürülebilir maliyet azaltımında etkili bir yöntem olduğu değerlendirilebilir. Bu da doğrudan verimliliğe ve maliyet azaltımlarına ait kontrolleri güçlendirecek bir yaklaşım olması açısından önemlidirNowadays, as a result of the rapid developments in production technologies and the internationalization of competition, it has created the obligation for businesses to offer their products to the market at lower costs, higher quality and quickly. In this context, the need for calculating, controlling and managing costs is more. At this point, it is inevitable for the enterprises to know the unit costs of the products produced in a realistic way in order to maintain their competitive level, and to carry out control and reduction studies. The aim of the study is to calculate and reduce unit costs in a healthy way. In this context, the study aims to contribute to sustainable cost reduction by increasing personnel-based productivity by creating a continuous production system and a daily work order form with time-study in production activities in Small and Medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Time Driven Activity Based Costing (TDABC) method was used to determine the costs and the idle capacity in a healthy way. According to the results obtained in the study, it can be evaluated that the applied system is an effective method in increasing productivity and sustainable cost reduction. This is important as it is an approach that will strengthen the controls over direct efficiency and cost reductions

Usability of Time Driven Activity Based Costing Methods in the Budgeting Process of SMEs

In this study budget and cost calculations, which can be applied by producer Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME), have been emphasized to contribute producer SME’s having longer lifespans in today’s conditions of high competition. Nowadays when we act on the fact that the budget and cost calculations are inadequate in SMEs, it is intended to be a useful work that can be implemented and contribute to the achievement of the objectives to managers. In the studies carried out, it is overemphasized on the interrelated studies of budget, product based costs and production targets (productivity). In product-based cost calculations, the most up-todate approach in the distribution of manufacturing overhead costs was made using the Time-Driven Activity Based Costing (TDABC) method. In consequence of the application study, the idle capacity was determined and the productivity results were obtained with the improvement studies. Finally, the findings were interpreted and the suggestions were made

GÜNEYBATI MALATYA (GD TÜRKİYE) MESTRİHTİYENİNDE YENİ BİR FORAMİNİFER TÜRÜ: SİVASELLA GOEKCENİ

Güneybatı Malatya'da (GD Türkiye) yüzeyleyen Malatya metamorfikleri üzerinde uyumsuz olarak bulunan İnekpınarı kireçtaşının Mestrihtiyen yaşlı seviyelerinde Sivasella cinsinin yeni bir türü, Sivasella goekceni tanımlanmıştır. Bu yeni tür, Sivasella cinsinin bilinen tek türü olan, tip tür Sivasella monolateralis Sirel ve Gündüz, 1978'den, daha uzun ve kalın kavkısı ve kavkının bir tarafında yer alan dolgu materyalinin çok daha ince oluşuyla, kolaylıkla ayırt edilir

Recent benthic foraminifera of Turkey-1 (NE Mediterranean- N Aegean Sea-Dardanelles-N and E Marmara Sea-Golden Horn-Bosphorus-W Black Sea)

Türkiye'nin değişik bölgelerindeki (Kuzeydoğu Akdeniz, Kuzey Ege Denizi, Çanakkale Boğazı, Kuzey ve Doğu Marmara Denizi, Haliç, istanbul Boğazı ve Batı Karadeniz) sığ denizlerinde bulunan güncel bentik foraminiferler üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda zengin bir foraminifer topluluğu belirlenmiştir. Halen 60 familya, 53 altfamilya ve 128 cinse ait 257 tür tayin edilmiştir. Ülkemiz güney kıyılarında gözlenen bentik foraminifer çeşitliliği çok fazladır. Bu türler orta ve batı Akdeniz faunasına, kısmende Kuzey Ege Denizi topluluğuna büyük benzerlik göstermektedir. Çanakkale Boğazı'ndan Karadeniz'e doğru ise bentik foraminifer cins ve türlerinde azalma gözlenmektedir. Elde edilen veriler sıcaklık ve tuzluluk değişimlerinin bentik foraminifer çeşitlenmesinde önemli rol oynadıklarını işaret etmekte ve desteklemektedir.The result of the studies on recent benthic foraminifera from the shallow waters in the various regions of Turkey (NE Mediterranean, N Aegean Sea, Dardanelles, N and E Maramara Sea, Golden Horn, Bosphorus and W Black Sea), a rich foraminiferal assemblage was pointed out. Lately, 257 species were described belonginig to 128 genera, 53 subfamilyes and 60 families. The benthic foraminiferal diversity observed in the southern coasts of the country increases. This situations shows a great similarity to the middle and western Mediterranean fauna and partly northern Aegean Sea fauna. Also, the number of the benthic foraminiferal genera and species decreases from Dardanelles towards Black Sea. The obtained data shows that changes of temperature and salinity are importent factors for diversity and abundance of benthic foraminifera

Systematic distribution of recent benthic foraminifera from the thermal region of Çeşme-Ilıca Bay (İzmir)

Bu çalışmada, Ilıca Koyu ve çevresindeki termal alandan alınan sediman örneklerinin güncel bentik foraminifer içeriği taksonomik olarak incelenmiştir. Toplam olarak 12 familya ve 23 cinse ait 40 adet kalker kavkılı foraminifer türü tayin edilmiştir. Ilıca Koyu ve çevresinde bulunan ve sıcaklığı 42°C -62°C arasında değişen bazı termal kaynaklar deniz tabanında farklı bir ekolojik ortam yaratmaktadır. Bunun sonucu olarak; sıcaklığın 9°C -26°C ve çözünmüş oksijen miktarının ise 4-10 ml/l olduğu, ayrıca Ege Denizi koşullarında yaşamını sürdüremeyen, ancak termal ortamın oluşturduğu alanda bol miktarda bulunan Coscinospira hemprichii Ehrenberg, Laevipeneroplis karren (Wiesner), Peneroplis pertusus (Forskal) ve Peneroplis planatus (Fichtel ve Moll) gibi peneroplid türleri ile Sorites orbiculus Ehrenberg ve diğer bentik foraminiferler birlikte bulunmuştur.Benthic foraminiferal content of the sediment samples from the thermal region located at the Ilıca Bay and surroundings was taxonomically investigated. A total of 40 calcareous foraminiferal species from the 12 families and 23 genera have been described. Some thermal springs of the Ilıca Bay and surroundings with a temperature of 42°C -62°C, set up a various ecological environment. As a result of this event, some peneroplids which are not able to carry on their life under the Aegean Sea conditions wityh a temperature of 9°C -26°C and dissolved oxygen content of 4-10 ml/l appear. These peneroplid species of Coscinospira hemprichii Ehrenberg, Laevipeneroplis karren (Wiesner), Peneroplis pertusus (Forskal) and Peneroplis planatus (Fichtel and Moll) were abundantly found together with the Sorites orbiculus Ehrenberg and other benthic foraminifera in the area under the thermal influence