GAMBARAN PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN HIPERTENSI PADA REMAJA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SIDOREJO KIDUL KOTA SALATIGA

Latar belakang : Kejadian hipertensi di seluruh dunia mencapai lebih dari 1,3 milyar orang (31%) Prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia sebesar 34,1%. Ini mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan prevalensi hipertensi pada Riskesdas Tahun 2013 sebesar 25,8%. Diperkirakan hanya 1/3 kasus hipertensi di Indonesia yang terdiagnosis, sisanya tidak terdiagnosis dimana penyakit ginjal yang mana pada tahun 2016 penyakit jantung iskemik dan stroke menjadi dua penyebab kematian utama di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku pencegahan Hipertensi pada Remaja di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sidorejo Kidul Kota Salatiga. Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan 384 responden remaja dari 6991 remaja di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sidorejo Kidul dengan menggunakan teknik sampel nonprobability sampling dengan penentuan sampel dan pengambilan data menggunakan accidental sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan penyebaran kuesioner ke responden remaja. Analisis data menggunakan analisis Univariat. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengetahuan tentang pencegahan hipertensi pada remaja di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sidorejo Kidul Kota Salatiga sebagian besar kurang sebanyak 217 orang (56,5%), Sikap terhadap pencegahan hipertensi pada remaja sebagian besar mendukung sebanyak 298 orang (77,6%) dan perilaku pencegahan hipertensi pada remaja paling banyak dalam kategori perilaku baik sebanyak 172 responden (44,8%). Simpulan : Pengetahuan tentang pencegahan hipertensi masih kurang, sikap terhadap pencegahan hipertensi sebagian besar mendukung dan perilaku pencegahan hipertensi berkategori baik. Kata Kunci : hipertensi, pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku pencegahan

Indonesian Pasuruan propolis extract does not exert antiproliferation and pro-apoptotic effect on human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29

Purpose: To evaluate the anti-cancer activity of Indonesian Pasuruan propolis extract (PPE) against HT-29 human colon carcinoma cell line.Methods: HT-29 cells were cultured and treated in different concentrations of PPE (50, 100, 200, 400 μg/mL) for 24 h. The cells were evaluated by several indicators such as cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as the expression of protein Ki67, p53, cyclin D1, and Bcl-xL.Results: Administration of PPE inhibited cell proliferation of HT-29 in concentration-dependent manner but the effect was not significant (p = 0.842); the results were similar with regard to the expression of Ki67 in HT-29 cells (p = 0.953). Administration of 400 μg/mL PPE insignificantly decreased cyclin D1 expression (p = 0.149). The concentration of PPE at 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL induced cell apoptosis of HT-29 cells initially, but the level of apoptosis subsequently decreased (p = 0.416). Furthermore, the expressions of p53 and Bcl-xL decreased following treatment with PPE at 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL but increased for the PPE 400 μg/mL group (p = 0.000).Conclusion: PPE reduced the expressions of p53, Ki67, cyclin D1, and Bcl-xL insignificantly as it it generally failed inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis of HT-29 cells.Keywords: Bcl-xL, Colon cancer, Cyclin D1, Human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29,Proliferation marker Ki67, Tumor protein p5

Effect of Endurance Treadmill Training on mIGF-1 Expression and PAX 7 Satellite Cell in Rat Muscle Tissues

This study examined the effects of endurance exercise training on muscle Insulin Growth Factor-1 (mIGF-1) and PAX7 transcription factor of satellite cell activation in a tibialis anterior muscle of rat. Rat were subjected to treadmill, divided into three groups, each containing 6 rats. Groups of high, moderate and low doses of exercise received 28, 17 and 12 m/s of treadmill speeds respectively. Treadmill exercise training conducted in 5 days a week within 9 weeks. At the end of 9 weeks of the experiment, rat were sacrificed, tibialis anterior muscle tissues was removed and then subjected to immunohistochemistry examination. There were significant differences in intensity of training in mIGF-1 and PAX7 in muscle tissues (P < 0.05). These results suggested that endurance exercise training which high, moderate and low intensity able to increase mIGF-1 and PAX7 that associates with satellite cell development of muscle tissues

Effect of Propolis on the Adhesion Index, Morphology and Viability of Candida albicans Cells on Biofilm Formation

Approximately 70-75% of reproductive women have experienced vulvovaginal candidiasis at least once, and 40-45% will have recurrences. Candida albicans is the most etiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis and is able to form a biofilm that can lead to antifungal resistances and recurrences. One of the natural products that have an anti biofilm effect is propolis. This study expected that propolis from Lawang can be one of the anti-biofilm agent candidates for antifungal resistant cases. This study aimed to know the anti-biofilm effect of propolis ethanol extract on cell adhesion index, morphology, and viability of Candida albicans cell on biofilm formation. The adhesion index was counted on 100 epithelial cells under light microscopy (1000x). Morphology was seen using light microscopy (400x). Cell viability was examined by CFU assay. At 12.5% concentration of propolis ethanol extract, adhesion index decreased (p=0,000), and hyphal growth was inhibited. Colony growth decreased at 2.5% concentration and was not seen at 10% concentration of propolis ethanol extract (p=0,000). These results indicated that propolis ethanol extract could decrease adhesion index, failed the Candida albicans morphology transition from yeast to hyphal, and decreased Candida albicans cell viability on biofilm formation. Propolis ethanol extract is likely to be one of the alternatives to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment, especially caused by Candida albicans biofilm formation

Effect of 1,4-naphthoquinone from Sisyrinchium palmifolium L. extract on in vivo Ki-67 expression and in silico CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 on colitis-associated colon cancer

Context: Medicinal plants can be used as an option for the prevention and reduction of cancer cell resistance and its side effects. Sisyrinchium palmifolium L. is thought to have anti-cancer activity with a compound content of 1,4-naphthoquinone. Aims: To determine the effect of S. palmifolium extract (SPE) with the main compound 1,4-naphthoquinone on Ki-67 expression by in vivo, and CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4 activity by in silico in colonic epithelial cells of BALB/ c mice induced by azoxymethane (AOM) dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Methods: Dayak onion (S. palmifolium) was extracted using 96% ethanol as a solvent. The S. palmifolium extract was then made into tablet form by the wet granulation method. Mice that had been induced with AOM-DSS were given S. palmifolium extract therapy. Twenty samples were used, which were divided into five groups. Mice colon tissue was assessed using Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. This study also used the in silico method to see the effect of 1,4-naphthoquinone compounds from S. palmifolium extract on the expression of CDK1, CDK2 and CDK4 with PDB codes 6GU6, 6GUC, and 1GIH. Results: Ki-67 expression values were 26 ± 6.51 cells at low dosages, 15 ± 1.73 cells at moderate doses, and 11 ± 1.04 cells at high doses. Between the test groups, there was a statistical differences (p<0.05) with the Post Hoc Mann-Whitney test. At the 6GUC receptor, the mean rerank score of the 1,4-naphtoquinone molecule, which was closest to the native ligand, was -54.6572 ± 2.2722 and -90.5455 ± 1.6524kcal/mole. The steric bond on the amino acid lys 33 (A), which exclusively occurs at the 6GUC receptor, was the only commonality of contact. Conclusions: 1,4-Naphthoquinone from Sisyrinchium palmifolium L. extract could decrease Ki-67 expression by in vivo, which cloud induce a decrease in epithelial cells proliferation in colon cancer, but has no potential as an inhibitor activity of CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4 by i

Pengaruh Latihan Treadmilldaya Tahanterhadapdiameter Otot Melalui Ekspresi Igf-1 Dan Pax7 Pada Ototlurik Tikus Wistar Ratusnorvegicus

Olahraga merupakan upaya rehabilitasi tubuh agar seluruh koordinasi jaringan dan organ lebih kuat dan tahan lama. Namun penentuan intensitas latihan yang tepat untuk olahraga rehabilitasi masih belum ditemukan. Selain itu bila olahraga yang dilakukan terlalu ringan maka tidak akan mencapai tahap adaptasi, namun bila olahraga yang dilakukan terlalu berat malah berakibat fatal. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh latihan daya tahan treadmill terhadap faktor pertumbuhan Insulin Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) dan PAX7 terhadap diameter otot lurik anterior tibialis pada tikus wistar. Upaya ini dilakukan untuk memahami pola diameter otot melalui ekspresi IGF-1 dan PAX7 yang diharapkan menjadi dasar penjelasan tentang keseimbangan restorasi jaringan otot. Sehingga perbandingan intensitas latihan tersebut dapat dijadikan rujukan terapis untuk menetukan program latihan rehabilitasi. Peneliti kali ini menggunakan kalkulasi program treadmill rehabilitasi pada tikus wistar dengan validitas VO2 reserve atau hasil pengurangan VO2max dan VO2basal model tikus dengan metode ET (exercise test). Dengan kecepatan ET 60% mewakili 72% VO2 reserve. Jumlah tikus penelitian berjumlah 24 ekor namun yang dilatih dengan treadmill, terdapat tiga kelompok, masing-masing berjumlah 6 tikus, dan 6 ekor sisanya tidak diberikan perlakuan. Kelompok dengan intensitas berat, sedang dan ringan latihan diatur dengan kecepatan 25, 16 dan 10 m/mnt treadmill masing-masing. Pelatihan treadmill dilakukan dalam 5 kali seminggu selama 9 minggu. Pada akhir minggu ke 9, tikus dikorbankan, dan diambil jaringan otot tibialis anterior kemudian dilakukan imunohistokimia. Ekspresi IGF-1 pada latihan intensitas berat 76.33 ± 1.6, intensitas sedang 61.17 ± 4.6, intensitas ringan 43.67 ± 2.3 dan pada kelompok tanpa latihan ekspresi IGF-1 33.67 ± 1.0. Sedangkan ekspresi PAX7 pada latihan intensitas berat 72.5 ± 44.17, latihan intenstas sedang 139.84 ± 39.29, latihan intensitas ringan 117.84 ± 37.24 dan kelompok tanpa latihan 93.34 ± 65.89. Terdapat pengaruh latihan treadmill terhadap diameter otot lurik dengan rata-rata tertinggi kelompok latihan sedang 2003 ± 417, latihan ringan 1667 ± 500, latihan berat 1721 ± 304 dan kelompok tanpa perlakuan 1115 ± 175. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok latihan sedang dengan kelompok tanpa latihan pada diameter otot lurik (p<0.05). Tikus yang diberi treadmill dengan intensitas ringan, menunjukkan adanya aktifitas IGF-1 di sarkolema meskipun sedikit, hal ini terjadi karena otot yang diberi stimulus latihan ataupun tidak tetap memiliki persediaan prekursor. Pada latihan intensitas sedang peningkatan IGF-1 otot dan PAX7 memiliki ekspresi yang sama. adanya kerjasama ekspresi antara IGF-1 dan PAX7 akan mendorong aktifitas sel satelit. Ekspresi IGF 1 otot pada intensitas berat dengan kecepatan 25 mtr/mnt menunjukkan nilai signifikan dan paling tinggi di antara kelompok lainnya. Adanya tekanan yang tinggi yang dipertahankan dalam waktu tiga puluh menit merupakan jenis latihan berat dan berkepanjangan. sehingga tekanan tersebut dapat dikatakan cenderung stresor. Namun peneliti belum mengetahui apakah tingginya nilai IGF-1 dapat menyebabkan gagalnya kerjasama ekspresi antara agen pertumbuhan IGF-1 dan PAX7 sebagai faktor transkripsinya. Hasil diameter otot setelah diberikan treadmill selama 9 minggu menunjukkan adanya peningkatan diameter otot yang signifikan pada kelompok perlakuan intensitas sedang dan ringan. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa meskipun dengan latihan daya tahan treadmill berupa kecepatan tetap merangsang pertumbuhan otot. Namun pada perlakuan intensitas berat rata-rata diameter lebih kecil daripada kelompok perlakuan ringan dan sedang. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa latihan dengan intensitas berat menyebabkan hambatan pada pertumbuhan diameter otot. Hasil perbanding penelitian menunjukkan adanya persamaan ekspresi IGF-1 dan PAX7 seiring dengan intensitas yang diberikan. Pada perlakuan intensitas rendah ke moderat, arah korelasi bersifat positif, namun hanya intensitas tinggi, yang menunjukkan arah korelasi negatif antara IGF-1 dan PAX7. Pada hasil kelompok kontrol PAX7 lebih tinggi daripada kelompok intensitas tinggi. Hasil data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan olahraga ketahanan berupa treadmill dengan intensitas berat, sedang dan intensitas ringan dapat meningkatkan diameter otot lurik melalui IGF-1 dan PAX7. Hasil ini berhubungan dengan hipertropi jaringan otot dengan peningkatan PAX7 dan IGF1 akan meningkatkan regenerasi sel otot yang penting dalam proses rehabilitasi

Vitamin D Prevents Endothelial Damage Induced by Increased Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Aim: to investigate the effects of Vitamin D calcitriol/1,25(OH)2D3 on NETosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with hypovitamin D. Methods: neutrophlis of five SLE patients with hypovitamin D were divided into 4 groups, P0 (0 nM/control), P1 (1 nM), P2 (10 nM), and P3 (100 nM) as cultured samples. Phorbol Myristate Acetate (PMA) was used to stimulate NETs formation. The supernatant was separated and cocultured with HUVECs. Externalization of Neutrophil Elastase (NE) and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) during NETosis was measured by immunofluorescence and ELISA respectively. Early and late apoptosis of endothelial cell was measured by flowcytometry using cell death kit (Annexin V and PI antibody). Results: this study showed significant decrease in early apoptosis with 10 nM of 1,25(OH)2D3 compared to control group. Significance of NE externalization found in all treatment groups (p<0.05), while MPO absorbance in the same tendency but not statistically significant. Further analysis also found a moderate positive correlation between NE externalizations with early apoptosis. Conclusion: vitamin D 1,25(OH)2D3 could reduce endothelial damage by decreasing NETosis activity. This result may reveal the possibility of Vitamin D as supplementary therapy for SLE patients with hypovitamin D to prevent endothelial damage. Key words: NETs, NE, MPO, 1,25(OH)2D3, HUVECs

Effect of 1,4-naphthoquinone from Sisyrinchium palmifolium L. extract on in vivo Ki-67 expression and in silico CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 on colitis-associated colon cancer

Context: Medicinal plants can be used as an option for the prevention and reduction of cancer cell resistance and its side effects. Sisyrinchium palmifolium L. is thought to have anti-cancer activity with a compound content of 1,4-naphthoquinone. Aims: To determine the effect of S. palmifolium extract (SPE) with the main compound 1,4-naphthoquinone on Ki-67 expression by in vivo, and CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4 activity by in silico in colonic epithelial cells of BALB/ c mice induced by azoxymethane (AOM) dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Methods: Dayak onion (S. palmifolium) was extracted using 96% ethanol as a solvent. The S. palmifolium extract was then made into tablet form by the wet granulation method. Mice that had been induced with AOM-DSS were given S. palmifolium extract therapy. Twenty samples were used, which were divided into five groups. Mice colon tissue was assessed using Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. This study also used the in silico method to see the effect of 1,4-naphthoquinone compounds from S. palmifolium extract on the expression of CDK1, CDK2 and CDK4 with PDB codes 6GU6, 6GUC, and 1GIH. Results: Ki-67 expression values were 26 ± 6.51 cells at low dosages, 15 ± 1.73 cells at moderate doses, and 11 ± 1.04 cells at high doses. Between the test groups, there was a statistical differences (p<0.05) with the Post Hoc Mann-Whitney test. At the 6GUC receptor, the mean rerank score of the 1,4-naphtoquinone molecule, which was closest to the native ligand, was -54.6572 ± 2.2722 and -90.5455 ± 1.6524kcal/mole. The steric bond on the amino acid lys 33 (A), which exclusively occurs at the 6GUC receptor, was the only commonality of contact. Conclusions: 1,4-Naphthoquinone from Sisyrinchium palmifolium L. extract could decrease Ki-67 expression by in vivo, which cloud induce a decrease in epithelial cells proliferation in colon cancer, but has no potential as an inhibitor activity of CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4 by in silico