Policy Analysis of Healthy Community Movement (Germas) during Pandemi COVID-19 in Yogyakarta

The social environment, including policies, is one of the instruments to encourage health promotion toward a healthy life, preventing and controlling COVID-19. This was to analyze the content, process, content and policy actors related toThe Healthy Community Movement (Germas) and the prevention of COVID-19 in Yogyakarta.We apply a-qualitative research of policy. We apply rapid assessment procedures (RAP) using focus group discussion (FGD) and desk review to observe various of policy from the government website. Research conducted in Yogyakarta from March to May 2021. Data was analysis by qualitative content analysis based on content, process, context, and actor categories. Results showed that policies related to Germas already exist at all levels, both national, provincial and district/city locally. According to policy content, Germas was movement to promote the culture/behavior of healthy living based on community empowerment, that were 7 points were physical activity, consuming fruits and vegetables, not smoking, not consuming alcoholic beverages, early detection and medical examination routine, clean healthy and lifestyle, and using toilet. Base on process, there were national, provincial, and local policy level. At the national level there was presidential instructions, regulations of the minister of national development planning, while governor's, regent’s policy at level province and region respectively. Locally, some policy regulate special context on COVID-19 preventing and controlling to increase awareness of the risk of transmission of COVID-19 infection in Yogyakarta. The policy actors were all of local government organizations, universities, CSR, and community. The conclusion is The Special Region of Yogyakarta already has many policies covering various sectors of life to support the implementation of Germas in the pandemic era and has been carried out by stakeholders, CSR, universities, and all of governmen

Current understanding of the origin, molecular biology and continuing evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Recent outbreaks of human coronaviruses, officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have put health authorities worldwide on a high alert. Firstly emerged in the city of Wuhan, China, SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly escalating into a global pandemic. It is first thought as the result of a zoonotic transmission event, similar to the previous epidemic of coronaviruses. However, a continuously increasing number of confirmed cases indicates that the virus gains capacity of efficient human-to-human transmission. Soon after the pandemic is arising, many efforts are focused on identifying the origin of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human population. Current evidence suggests that the virus is probably derived from bat or pangolin coronaviruses as the natural host. Whether intermediate host(s) exist in the transmission cascade from bat or pangolin to humans is, to a great extent, elusive. This information is essential as the basis for infection prevention and control measures. In this review, we discuss our recent understanding of SARS-CoV-2 biology, highlighting its origin and molecular evolution

Lessons from the Mass Production of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti for Egg Release in the Sleman and Bantul Districts of Yogyakarta

An efficacy study on wMel Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti technology conducted by the World Mosquito Program (WMP) Yogyakarta showed the reducing of dengue incidence in Yogyakarta City. Following this successful result, the intervention was scaled up into two neighbouring districts: Sleman and Bantul. This paper describes our experience in mass production for providing release material for a larger area to reach the deployment target, which includes insectary requirements, mass production protocols, and diagnostic screening. This review may serve as a reference guidance for national mass production for wMel Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti. 

Kajian aspek keamanan nyamuk Aedes aegypti Linnaeus ber-Wolbachia di Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Dengue prevention efforts are limited to the control strategies of its vector and the management of breeding sites. New alternatives for dengue vector control that are sustainable and more environmentally friendly are needed to complement the government’s current efforts. Research on Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti Linnaeus mosquitoes as an alternative biocontrol strategy has been performed in Yogyakarta City. However, one of the concerns of the community members and stakeholders about this technology is the safety aspect regarding the transmission of Wolbachia to other species and the possibility that humans will contract Wolbachia. This study aimed to address these concerns, namely to find out whether horizontal transmission of Wolbachia occurred from A. aegypti that were released to other species and whether residents living in the released areas were infected with Wolbachia. The research was conducted in Dusun Nogotirto and Dusun Kronggahan (Sleman Regency), as well as in Dusun Jomblangan and Dusun Singosaren (Bantul Regency), Yogyakarta Special Province. Wolbachia qPCR screening using the target gene WD0513 was performed on 922 Culex quinquefasciatus Say and 331 Aedes albopictus (Skuse). ELISA test was carried out on 190 pairs of plasma samples, namely the sample before the Wolbachia frequency was established (still 80%). The results showed no evidence of Wolbachia transfer from Wolbachia-infected A. aegypti to other mosquito species coexisting in the same habitat or to humans. This study corroborates the safety evidence of Wolbachia-infected A. aegypti technology as an alternative to control dengue virus transmissio

Efficacy of Wolbachia-Infected Mosquito Deployments for the Control of Dengue.

BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with the wMel strain of Wolbachia pipientis are less susceptible than wild-type A. aegypti to dengue virus infection. METHODS: We conducted a cluster-randomized trial involving releases of wMel-infected A. aegypti mosquitoes for the control of dengue in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. We randomly assigned 12 geographic clusters to receive deployments of wMel-infected A. aegypti (intervention clusters) and 12 clusters to receive no deployments (control clusters). All clusters practiced local mosquito-control measures as usual. A test-negative design was used to assess the efficacy of the intervention. Patients with acute undifferentiated fever who presented to local primary care clinics and were 3 to 45 years of age were recruited. Laboratory testing was used to identify participants who had virologically confirmed dengue (VCD) and those who were test-negative controls. The primary end point was symptomatic VCD of any severity caused by any dengue virus serotype. RESULTS: After successful introgression of wMel into the intervention clusters, 8144 participants were enrolled; 3721 lived in intervention clusters, and 4423 lived in control clusters. In the intention-to-treat analysis, VCD occurred in 67 of 2905 participants (2.3%) in the intervention clusters and in 318 of 3401 (9.4%) in the control clusters (aggregate odds ratio for VCD, 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 0.35; P = 0.004). The protective efficacy of the intervention was 77.1% (95% CI, 65.3 to 84.9) and was similar against the four dengue virus serotypes. The incidence of hospitalization for VCD was lower among participants who lived in intervention clusters (13 of 2905 participants [0.4%]) than among those who lived in control clusters (102 of 3401 [3.0%]) (protective efficacy, 86.2%; 95% CI, 66.2 to 94.3). CONCLUSIONS: Introgression of wMel into A. aegypti populations was effective in reducing the incidence of symptomatic dengue and resulted in fewer hospitalizations for dengue among the participants. (Funded by the Tahija Foundation and others; AWED ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03055585; Indonesia Registry number, INA-A7OB6TW.)

PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM PADA LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI (STUDI KASUS DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK ISLAM TERPADU SALSABILA AL-MUTHI’IN MAGUWO BANGUNTAPAN BANTUL)

Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran PAI pada lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (Studi kasus di TKIT Salsabila Al-Muthi’in Maguwo Banguntapan Bantul Yogyakarta). Skripsi. Yogyakarta : jurusan Pendidikan Agama Islam Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, 2010. Latar belakang masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa usia lahir sampai dengan memasuki pendidikan dasar merupakan masa keemasan sekaligus masa kritis dalam tahapan kehidupan manusia yang akan menentukan perkermbangan anak selanjutnya. Pembentukan perilaku manusia, sikap dan keyakinan berkaitan erat dengan penanaman nilai-nilai keagamaan pada usia dini, sebenarnya hal ini menjadi tugas dan tanggung jawab orang tua, sebagaimana Sabda Nabi Muhammad SAW yang diriwayatkan oleh Bukhari dan Muslim yan artinya: “Setiap anak yang baru lahir adalah dalam keadaan suci, maka orang tuanya lah yang akan menjadikan anak itu Yahudi, Nasrani atau Majusi”. Akan tetapi karena kesibukannya, orang tua sekarang banyak yang menyerahkan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya tersebut kepada lembaga pendidikan yang memang menawarkan program keagamaan yang lengkap. Demikian juga dengan TKIT Salsabila Al-Muthi’in, selain menawarkan program keagamaan yang lengkap, banyak orang tua yang tertarik untuk menitipkan putra-putrinya di TK tersebut karena melihat out put/lulusannya yang pintar-pintar sehingga banyak yang diterima di SD favorit, selain itu jam belajar yang cukup lama (full day) juga menjadi daya tarik bgi orang tua yang memang sebagian besar bekerja sampai sore. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pembelajaran PAI di TKIT Salsabila Al-Muthi’in yang meliputi materi, metode, hasil yang di raih serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat pembelajaran PAI di TK tersebut, sehingga diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat dipergunakan untuk menyempurnakan pemebelajaran PAI di TK tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kancah/lapangan dan termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif naturalistik yang bersifat deskriptif dengan mengambil latar TKIT Salsabila Al-Muthi’in Maguwo Banguntapan Bantul Yogyakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengadakan pengamatan, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Subyek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Sekolah, Guru PAI dan Guru kelas. Analisis data dilakukan dengan memberikan makna terhadap data yang berhasil dikumpulkan dan dari makna itulah ditarik kesimpulan. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan mengadakan triangulasi/kroscek antara sumber dengan sumber dan metode dengan metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : (1) Pembelajaran PAI di TKIT Salsabila Al-Muthi’in bertujuan untuk melahirkan generasi yang sholeh yaitu anak yang terpilih, berkualitas, tulus dalam peribadatan, berbuat sesuai kepatuhan dan unggul. Materi PAI meliputi: hafalan surat-surat pendek, do’a sehari-hari, bacaan sholat dan kisah-kisah nabi (cerita Islami). Metode yang digunakan untuk membentuk perilaku Islami dan peribadatan adalah metode pembiasaan, sedang untuk menanamkan akidah/keyakinan adalah metode bercerita. (2) Dari data yang diperoleh hasil yang dicapai oleh siswa TKIT Salsabila Al-Muthi’in dalam bidang PAI adalah 50% siswa meraih predikat Baik, 47% siswa memperolah predikat Cukup dan 3% siswa meraih predikat Kurang. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran PAI di TKIT Salsabila Al-Muthi’in berhasil dan dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu alternatif pilihan bagi para orang tua yang akan membekali putra-putrinya dengan bekal agama yang cukup memadai