Un pueblo sin memoria es un pueblo sin futuro: The Right to Memory and the Struggle for the Legal Regulation of Memory Sites in 21st Century Chile

Over the past decades, the right to memory has gained traction among academic and public circles, which recognize the importance of remembering and commemorating the past for victims, their families, and future generations. This recognition has become especially relevant in transitioning societies like Chile, where several sectors of civil society have demanded a constitutional reform that considers the right to memory within political and legal spaces. Central to these claims is the need for sites of memory to be legally protected as they represent mechanisms integral to preserving the collective memory of the dictatorship and its human rights violations. However, while researchers in several fields have highlighted the importance of incorporating the right to memory within legal spaces, sociolegal scholars have yet to explore the need for sites of memory to be protected under the right-to-memory framework, which would ensure the protection and preservation of memory spaces in Chile. As such, this research seeks to highlight the integral role sites of memory play as symbolic reparations and memory enablers in the transitional justice process

Exploring Psychopathy Predictors in Males and Females

Psychopathy is a clinical term used to describe a personality disorder. This personality disorder presents as callousness, lack of empathy, feelings of grandiosity, impulsivity, narcissism, and a lack of guilt or remorse (Cleckley, 1951). It is noteworthy that by some estimates, those meeting the criteria of psychopathy commit 20 – 40% of violent crimes (Drislane et al., 2019) and makeup between 15% and 25% of the prison population (Kiehl & Hoffman, 2011). As such, psychopathy is one of the most significant criminal justice constructs of the present day because of the heightened and persistent levels of aggression, criminality, and financial damage implemented by psychopathic individuals (DeLisi & Piquero, 2011). Though the topic has seen an increase in research, and some have lauded psychopathy as the unified theory of crime (DeLisi, 2009), the field has seen a paucity of research concerning the disorder in female youth and gender differences in all aspects. Due to the severity and prevalence of criminal behavior exhibited by those meeting some criteria of psychopathy, additional research is needed into antecedents and the role gender plays in psychopathic development in youth toward tailoring prevention (Nicholls & Petrila, 2005). Thus, data from the Pathway to Desistance study (PTD) is analyzed to address this gap in knowledge. The current research uses PTD data to focus on youth aged 14 to 20 and concentrates on three research questions, targeting developmental antecedents, the role gender plays in psychopathic development, and psychopathic dimensions in males and females. Several theories are explored to explain the development of psychopathic traits in the sample and the differences between the genders. These theories include attachment theory, gender schema, and socialization theories. Study results suggest that race, gender, presence of caring adults, motivation to succeed and baseline psychopathy scores affect later psychopathic development in males and females. Findings also reveal males and females are affected by different developmental antecedents, and different relationships occur based on gender. Additionally, gender appears to have a modifying effect on the relation between one protective factor and psychopathy development. Lastly, males reported on average higher total psychopathy scores and higher scores in the callus-unemotional, grandioise-manipultive and impulsive-irresponsible dimension. When it comes to psychopathy stability, the findings reveal there is an overall decrease, on average, in final psychopathy scores, as well as in each of the psychopathic dimensions whether examining males or females. The results demonstrate that psychopathy is affected by gender, risk factors and protective factors. These findings provide a unique perspective to the analysis of psychopathy, but they also emphasize the need for expansion of research focused on developmental antecedents and the role gender plays in psychopathic development. This research can inform early identification of at-risk youth toward appropriate intervention methods, and, hopefully, successful responses to treatment during early developmental stages when individuals are more malleable to change (Shine & Hobson, 2000)

United, not divided: Chile votes to end Pinochet’s legacy

On 25 October, Chile had an unprecedented referendum – and a historic result. Chileans were asked if they wanted to replace a constitution imposed during the dark days of Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship four decades ago. Overwhelmingly, they said yes, writes Andrea Encalada García (Atlantic Fellows for Social and Economic Equity)

Organizing from the Maquiladoras to the University: Dialogue and Reflections Among Women Migrant and Maquiladora Workers in Mexico

n February researchers from the International Migration Research Centre (IMRC) participated in “the First Forum on International Migration and Transnational Studies” hosted by the “Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla” (BUAP) in the capital of the state of Puebla in Mexico. This forum was part of a joint initiative with the centre through a Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) “North American Research Linkages” grant. The forum convened researchers from all over Mexico, as well as Europe, Canada and the United States, to discuss points of interest in the ample field of transnational migration studies. The IMRC sponsored a community mesa (round table) that bridged the divide between researchers and “the researched” that powerfully closed the forum. The community mesa in turn was organized by “Justice/Justicia for Migrant Workers” (J4MW) and the “Centro de Apoyo al Trabajador,” Puebla (known as el CAT in Spanish) by bringing together women from the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP) and women maquiladora workers in the auto-parts industry along with activists from grassroots organizations for much needed dialogue and reflection. This community mesa attests to the longstanding transnational work and networks established by J4MW in Mexico and Canada. These spaces and exchanges are crucial to building new alliances and strengthening movements for transnational change. They also speak to the importance of activist based scholarship that seeks to democratize academic spaces with the voices and representations of the very people and movements that inspire our academic and political commitments. From the onset, it may appear that women migrant farm workers to Canada and maquiladora workers in Puebla and Tlaxcala, Mexico, have little in common. Yet both groups of women are integrated in the global economy through their work as transnational/internal migrant workers bound to foreign capital. Moreover, it could be argued that women in the SAWP work in rural spaces that function like agricultural maquiladoras, with lax labour laws and an absentee state favouring employers, profit and industry over the labour and human rights of workers. The women share hardships from their low income working class status and vulnerabilities that render them disposable to employers. Furthermore, the women have similar work and life trajectories. Many women in the SAWP have worked in maquiladoras, and many in the maquiladora industry—whether in textiles, electronics or auto parts - are internal migrants from diverse regions within Mexico and at some point in their lives become transnational migrants to mostly the US and some to Canada. Essentially, they live and work in the same place; in this instance in Puebla and Tlaxcala. They work in maquiladoras in one form or the other. And most importantly, both groups of women face serious reprisals and repercussions when they organize themselves and resist unfair labour practices. After their testimonies and reflections, any remaining differences faded with powerful intersecting commonalities among maquiladora and migrant women farm workers

Effectiveness if traditional games compared with technological games in classroom climate and student's performance in the EFL classroom : a quasi-experimental research

Tesis (Pedagogía en Inglés)The present study intended to corroborate the hypothesis that both technological and traditional games can help school students in their learning process and that traditional games unlike technological ones, also help in the creation of a better classroom climate. Through a quasi-experiment in three different educational settings, control groups and experimental ones were going to be measured both in students’ performance expressed in marks and in classroom climate measured with a sociometric test. Chile’s current national contingency has prevented this study to be concluded as expected. As an alternative outcome, the researchers carried out a perception study that compared student’s acceptance of both technological and traditional games. The result of this study shows that current students, who are digital natives, showed a slight preference for traditional games over the technological ones, defying the common belief that students only react positively to technology.El presente estudio pretende corroborar la hipótesis de que tanto los juegos tecnológicos como los tradicionales pueden ayudar a los alumnos en su proceso de aprendizaje y que los juegos tradicionales a diferencia de los tecnológicos pueden ayudar, además en la creación de un mejor clima de aula. A través de un cuasi-experimento en tres diferentes establecimientos educacionales, en los grupo de control y experimentales se iba a medir tanto el rendimiento de los estudiantes expresado a través de sus calificaciones, como el clima de aula medido a través de un cuestionario sociométrico. La actual contingencia nacional de Chile ha impedido que este estudio concluya según lo previsto. Como alternativa, los investigadores llevaron a cabo un estudio de percepción que comparó la aceptación de los estudiantes hacia los juegos tecnológicos y tradicionales. El resultado de este estudio muestra que los estudiantes, siendo nativos digitales. mostraron una ligera preferencia por los juegos tradicionales por sobre los tecnológicos, desafiando la creencia general de que los estudiantes solo reaccionan positivamente ante la tecnología

A socio-technical approach for assistants in human-robot collaboration in industry 4.0

The introduction of technologies disruptive of Industry 4.0 in the workplace integrated through human cyber-physical systems causes operators to face new challenges. These are reflected in the increased demands presented in the operator's capabilities physical, sensory, and cognitive demands. In this research, cognitive demands are the most interesting. In this perspective, assistants are presented as a possible solution, not as a tool but as a set of functions that amplify human capabilities, such as exoskeletons, collaborative robots for physical capabilities, virtual and augmented reality for sensory capabilities. Perhaps chatbots and softbots for cognitive capabilities, then the need arises to ask ourselves: How can operator assistance systems 4.0 be developed in the context of industrial manufacturing? In which capacities does the operator need more assistance? From the current paradigm of systematization, different approaches are used within the context of the workspace in industry 4.0. Thus, the functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) is used to model the workspace from the sociotechnical system approach, where the relationships between the components are the most important among the functions to be developed by the human-robot team. With the use of simulators for both robots and robotic systems, the behavior of the variability of the human-robot team is analyzed. Furthermore, from the perspective of cognitive systems engineering, the workspace can be studied as a joint cognitive system, where cognition is understood as distributed, in a symbiotic relationship between the human and technological agents. The implementation of a case study as a human-robot collaborative workspace allows evaluating the performance of the human-robot team, the impact on the operator's cognitive abilities, and the level of collaboration achieved in the human-robot team through a set of metrics and proven methods in other areas, such as cognitive systems engineering, human-machine interaction, and ergonomics. We conclude by discussing the findings and outlook regarding future research questions and possible developments.La introducción de tecnologías disruptivas de Industria 4.0 en el lugar de trabajo integradas a través de sistemas ciberfísicos humanos hace que los operadores enfrenten nuevos desafíos. Estos se reflejan en el aumento de las demandas presentadas en las capacidades físicas, sensoriales y cognitivas del operador. En esta investigación, las demandas cognitivas son las más interesantes. En esta perspectiva, los asistentes se presentan como una posible solución, no como una herramienta sino como un conjunto de funciones que amplifican las capacidades humanas, como exoesqueletos, robots colaborativos para capacidades físicas, realidad virtual y aumentada para capacidades sensoriales. Quizás chatbots y softbots para capacidades cognitivas, entonces surge la necesidad de preguntarnos: ¿Cómo se pueden desarrollar los sistemas de asistencia al operador 4.0 en el contexto de la fabricación industrial? ¿En qué capacidades el operador necesita más asistencia? A partir del paradigma actual de sistematización, se utilizan diferentes enfoques dentro del contexto del espacio de trabajo en la industria 4.0. Así, se utiliza el método de análisis de resonancia funcional (FRAM) para modelar el espacio de trabajo desde el enfoque del sistema sociotécnico, donde las relaciones entre los componentes son las más importantes entre las funciones a desarrollar por el equipo humano-robot. Con el uso de simuladores tanto para robots como para sistemas robóticos se analiza el comportamiento de la variabilidad del equipo humano-robot. Además, desde la perspectiva de la ingeniería de sistemas cognitivos, el espacio de trabajo puede ser estudiado como un sistema cognitivo conjunto, donde la cognición se entiende distribuida, en una relación simbiótica entre los agentes humanos y tecnológicos. La implementación de un caso de estudio como un espacio de trabajo colaborativo humano-robot permite evaluar el desempeño del equipo humano-robot, el impacto en las habilidades cognitivas del operador y el nivel de colaboración alcanzado en el equipo humano-robot a través de un conjunto de métricas y métodos probados en otras áreas, como la ingeniería de sistemas cognitivos, la interacción hombre-máquina y la ergonomía. Concluimos discutiendo los hallazgos y las perspectivas con respecto a futuras preguntas de investigación y posibles desarrollos.Postprint (published version

BEYOND EXTRACTIVISM AND GOVERNMENTALITY: THE POSTNEOLIBERAL STATE, DEVELOPMENT, AND THE CIRCULATION OF OIL RENTS AMONG INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THE ECUADORIAN AMAZON

This dissertation explores the experiences of an indigenous community from the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon during the implementation of extractivism, development, and redistributive projects. Drawing on twenty months of ethnographic fieldwork in the community of Playas del Cuyabeno and in Quito, the capital of Ecuador, I question the common assumption that indigenous peoples radically reject extractivism and state-imposed modernizing agendas. In contrast, this study shows how indigenous peoples negotiate resource extraction in their territories and navigate the partial failures of postneoliberal redistribution and the contradictory agendas of economic development projects—specifically the aim of the postneoliberal Ecuadorian government’s project to redistribute rents from oil extraction for the well-being of Ecuadorian residents. Most scholars focusing their analyses on the phase of resource extraction and its effects on indigenous peoples have described the state postneoliberal agendas as extractivist and disciplinary. However, the dynamics of the relations between state institutions and indigenous communities after the natural resources are extracted—when these are transformed into state rents and put into circulation through the implementation of state plans and infrastructure—has been understudied. I argue that the expansion of extractivism, and the disciplining of indigenous peoples, are not the only agendas that explain postneoliberal development and redistribution in indigenous territories. Rather, I show how different groups coexisting within the state struggled to implement their agendas and to obtain state resources, while actors from the private sector involved in the planning and implementation of state projects created everyday mechanisms to appropriate state revenues from oil, to the detriment of achieving a more effective redistribution of state oil rents in Ecuador

FACTORES ASOCIADOS A LA MALNUTRICIÓN EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE LA CARRERA DE ENFERMERÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE CUENCA EN EL PERIODO LECTIVO MARZO – AGOSTO 2023

Antecedentes: Los malos hábitos alimenticios pueden conducir a factores de riesgo como el sobrepeso/obesidad. En general, diversos estudios sugieren que el sobrepeso y la obesidad son problemas importantes entre los estudiantes universitarios con una alta incidencia en estudiantes de enfermería. Objetivo: Determinar los factores socio-ambientales de riesgo de malnutrición como hábitos dietéticos, sedentarismo, e influencia sociocultural en los estudiantes de la carrera de enfermería en el periodo lectivo marzo – agosto 2023. Metodología: La metodología se basó en un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo. En cuanto a la muestra estuvo conformada por 199 participantes, los cuales fueron evaluados calculando el índice de masa corporal, siguiendo los parámetros establecidos por la OMS, también se aplicó un cuestionario de patrones de alimentación y hábitos asociados a la obesidad y sobrepeso. De igual manera, se implementó una ficha de datos sociodemográficos. Resultados: Entre los resultados se destaca, una media para la edad de 21 años, en cuanto al sexo el 70,4 % (144) son mujeres y el 29,6 % (59) son hombres, de los cuales 78% son solteros y 84,9% no tiene hijos. En cuanto al estado nutricional de los 100 estudiantes evaluados un 71,5% presenta un peso normal, (18-24,9) sin embargo, se tiene que un 17,74% se encuentra en riesgo por presentar sobrepeso y 1,16% tiene obesidad. Sobre los hábitos alimenticios, se observó falta de horarios en la alimentación y un consumo frecuente de alimentos ultra procesados, snacks y bebidas azucaradas y comidas altas en sal y grasa, con un bajo nivel de actividad física. Conclusiones: Se tiene para la mayoría un estado nutricional dentro de los parámetros de normopeso, sin embargo, hay un riesgo latente de malnutrición por exceso por los malo hábitos de alimentación.Background: Bad eating habits can lead to risk factors such as overweight/obesity. In general, several studies suggest that overweight and obesity are important problems among university students with a high incidence in nursing students. Objective: To determine the socio- environmental risk factors for malnutrition such as dietary habits, sedentary lifestyle, and sociocultural influence in nursing students in the March – August 2023 school period. Methodology: The methodology was based on a quantitative, descriptive approach. Regarding the sample, it consisted of 199 participants, who were evaluated by calculating the body mass index, following the parameters established by the WHO, a questionnaire on eating patterns and habits associated with obesity and overweight was also applied. Similarly, a sociodemographic data sheet was implemented. Results: Among the results, an average for the age of 21 years stands out, in terms of sex, 70.4% (144) are women and 29.6% (59) are men, of which 78% are single. And 84.9% do not have children. Regarding the nutritional status of the 100 students evaluated, 71.5% have a normal weight (18-24.9), however, 17.74% are at risk for being overweight and 1.16% has obesity. Regarding eating habits, a lack of eating schedules and frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods, snacks and sugary drinks and foods high in salt and fat were observed, with a low level of physical activity. Conclusions: For the majority there is a nutritional status within the parameters of normal weight, however, there is a latent risk of malnutrition due to excess due to bad eating habits.0009-0008-2265-001