Applying the key principles of nutrition to nursing practice

This article outlines the importance of good nutrition in adults and children. With reference to adult nursing, the article highlights the benefits of nutritional screening of patients, identifies alternative foods for undernourished patients, and discusses why feeding and planning meal times are vital aspects of patient care. In terms of paediatric nursing, the article discusses the implications of childhood obesity and the importance of eating the right balance of foods

The romantic image: the culture, heritage and iconography of Scotland in the nineteenth century

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Clinical usability of a stability-based package using visualisation : a retrospective analysis

The utility of a new clinical system and user interaction, are important given that these may influence clinical use and incorporation into routine practice, as well as patient experience and engagement. As a result, rehabilitative outcome will be affected [1]. The stability-based package was designed and developed as a hybrid tool to enhance rehabilitative outcomes and experience using a game-development approach. By incorporating optoelectronic cameras for accurate motion tracking, a cluster-based model, pointer calibration and visualisation software for a simplified user-interface and real-time feedback, the package focused on addressing complexity and time efficiency to create more clinically appropriate motion analysis system. The feasibility and efficacy of the package has already been reported [2]. This study aimed to retrospectively analyse the usability of the package with respect to time efficiency. A retrospective analysis was completed to eliminate bias of completing training quickly, which would have shifted central attention away from the participant. This aimed to achieve an unbiased representation of the system usability for clinical practice

On the Radial and Longitudinal Variation of a Magnetic Cloud: ACE, Wind, ARTEMIS and Juno Observations, Solar Physics

We present observations of the same magnetic cloud made near Earth by the Advance Composition Explorer (ACE), Wind, and the Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon’s Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) mission comprising the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) B and THEMIS C spacecraft, and later by Juno at a distance of 1.2 AU. The spacecraft were close to radial alignment throughout the event, with a longitudinal separation of 3.6∘ between Juno and the spacecraft near Earth. The magnetic cloud likely originated from a filament eruption on 22 October 2011 at 00:05 UT, and caused a strong geomagnetic storm at Earth commencing on 24 October. Observations of the magnetic cloud at each spacecraft have been analysed using minimum variance analysis and two flux rope fitting models, Lundquist and Gold–Hoyle, to give the orientation of the flux rope axis. We explore the effect different trailing edge boundaries have on the results of each analysis method, and find a clear difference between the orientations of the flux rope axis at the near-Earth spacecraft and Juno, independent of the analysis method. The axial magnetic field strength and the radial width of the flux rope are calculated using both observations and fitting parameters and their relationship with heliocentric distance is investigated. Differences in results between the near-Earth spacecraft and Juno are attributed not only to the radial separation, but to the small longitudinal separation which resulted in a surprisingly large difference in the in situ observations between the spacecraft. This case study demonstrates the utility of Juno cruise data as a new opportunity to study magnetic clouds beyond 1 AU, and the need for caution in future radial alignment studies

On the Radial and Longitudinal Variation of a Magnetic Cloud : ACE, Wind, ARTEMIS and Juno Observations

We present observations of the same magnetic cloud made near Earth by the Advance Composition Explorer (ACE), Wind, and the Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) mission comprising the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) B and THEMIS C spacecraft, and later by Juno at a distance of 1.2 AU. The spacecraft were close to radial alignment throughout the event, with a longitudinal separation of 3.6 degrees between Juno and the spacecraft near Earth. The magnetic cloud likely originated from a filament eruption on 22 October 2011 at 00:05 UT, and caused a strong geomagnetic storm at Earth commencing on 24 October. Observations of the magnetic cloud at each spacecraft have been analysed using minimum variance analysis and two flux rope fitting models, Lundquist and Gold-Hoyle, to give the orientation of the flux rope axis. We explore the effect different trailing edge boundaries have on the results of each analysis method, and find a clear difference between the orientations of the flux rope axis at the near-Earth spacecraft and Juno, independent of the analysis method. The axial magnetic field strength and the radial width of the flux rope are calculated using both observations and fitting parameters and their relationship with heliocentric distance is investigated. Differences in results between the near-Earth spacecraft and Juno are attributed not only to the radial separation, but to the small longitudinal separation which resulted in a surprisingly large difference in the in situ observations between the spacecraft. This case study demonstrates the utility of Juno cruise data as a new opportunity to study magnetic clouds beyond 1 AU, and the need for caution in future radial alignment studies.Peer reviewe

Effect of cognitive tasks on forward lunge performance : a biomechanical analysis

The forward lunge develops unilateral strength and stability to maximise performance and reduce the risk of injuries [1]. In day-to-day life, as well as sport, motor-cognitive dual tasking is often required for successful task performance. Dual-tasking can cause performance decrements in one or both tasks, which can result in injuries [2]. By ‘return to activity/sport’ in rehabilitation evidence of dual-tasking ability is important, thus rehabilitation must incorporate this. It is unknown how different types of cognitive tasks can be used in rehabilitation. Virtual reality (VR) could create a diverse, challenging, and controllable environment, representative of real-world situations for dual-task training

Efficacy of stability-based training with visualisation in people with chronic ankle instability

Background Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with recurrent ankle sprains, mechanical laxity and/or perceived instability. Stability-based rehabilitative training has been found to prevent further injury, however poor programme compliance can hinder the programme’s effectiveness. Virtual reality (VR) systems have been shown to provide a stimulating and motivational environment that may be more conducive to rehabilitation adherence. An emerging technique, visualisation, is the connection of biomechanical analysis and VR. Visualisation produces real-time feedback, by accurately monitoring movement and progress, using VR to create a diverse, challenging, and controllable environment, representative of real-world situations. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of incorporating visualisation into stability training for people with chronic ankle instability. Specifically, the effect of visualisation on performance of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), as well as participant’s enjoyment of the experience. Design and Methods Individuals with CAI were randomly allocated to the 4-week stability-based training programme with visualisation (VIS), or without (NO-VIS). Balance exercises were based on standard practice, with adaptations for visualisation. Participants completed the SEBT and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) prior to, and after training. Participants recorded enjoyment of training using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES-8). The Strathclyde Cluster Model and pointer calibration were applied to all participants. Movement was tracked using Vicon Tracker (Vicon, Oxford, UK), with testing controlled and recorded using D-Flow (Motek Medical, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Effect size (d) was calculated and interpreted using Hopkin’s recommendations. Results Of 17 participants (Vis=10,No-Vis=7), there were 2 drop outs (Vis=1,No-Vis=1). No adverse events were reported and participant drop-out was due to injury unrelated to the study. There were no between-group differences in population demographics and pre-training CAIT scores (p⩾0.2). Following training there was a non-significant but small effect (d=0.6,p=0.3) favouring the NO-VIS group for an increase in CAIT score. There was a non-significant but moderate effect (d=1,p=0.20) favouring the VIS group for an increase in average reach distance on the SEBT. There was a non-significant but large effect (d=1.4,p=0.16) for higher enjoyment of training in the VIS group. Conclusions Results of this study support the feasibility and safety of stability training with visualisation in those with CAI. Observations of a more enjoyable experience, alongside improved postural control suggest visualisation may enhance stability-based training. Implications of this will be discussed, along with the practicalities and logistics of running such programmes

Employability initiatives in undergraduate education and application to human nutrition: A scoping review

Human nutrition is a growing field with an increasing job market and high demand for university study, yet graduates report feeling underprepared for and unaware of potential job opportunities. This scoping review aimed to identify employment initiatives used in undergraduate programs to support an evidence-based approach to the development of future initiatives for human nutrition courses. The scoping review following PRISMA-ScR criteria was initially conducted in October 2018 and updated in April 2020. Search terms were selected to identify studies that reported on employability or work-readiness embedded within the course curriculum for undergraduate students. Fourteen papers met the eligibility criteria. Papers included were from Australia (9), United Kingdom (2), United States (1), New Zealand (1) and Germany (1). Papers described initiatives fitting broad categories of placements, project-based industry collaboration, practice-based eLearning, mentoring and building graduate attributes. Placements were the most common type of initiative and project-based industry collaboration demonstrated the highest levels of student and employer satisfaction. The success of initiatives was often attributed to incorporating diverse approaches to real-world, problem-solving skills. Mentoring and eLearning were used to promote employability soft skills, while industry-based placements provided students with practical experience. Placement in specific workplace settings should be representative of the diverse job options for nutrition graduates. Human nutrition degrees should consider incorporating strategies that develop soft skills and project-based skills while exposing students to diverse workplace settings within industry

An exploratory study of industry perspectives to inform undergraduate nutrition employability initiatives

Aim The aim of this study was to explore nutrition professionals' perspectives of nutrition graduates' employability skills, and knowledge and skills required in the industry to understand gaps in undergraduate nutrition curriculum. Methods Nutrition professionals (n = 26) across Australia were approached to participate in semi-structured interviews via telephone in 2018. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, data analysed using thematic analysis, and results interpreted and discussed. Results Nine participants across six work environments completed interviews. Common work roles were identified in their diverse areas of practice: nutrition educators, food developers, team members, and business leaders. Nutrition professionals identified that, in addition to evidence-based discipline knowledge, key skills and knowledge needed for their roles were interpersonal communication, including writing and listening. Participants highlighted the need for employability skills to be embedded within curriculum with emphasis on professional skills, business skills and discipline-specific skills in communicating complex science messages to a range of audiences. Networking, and formal and informal work-integrated learning were viewed as important vehicles for developing required skills. Participants expected that universities develop curriculum to address gaps; however, reflection by the academic researchers suggested this should be a joint role. Conclusions Early career planning, professional skill development, work experience and networking opportunities should enhance graduate employability