1,544 research outputs found
Geomorphology and geological controls of an active paraglacial rockslide in the New Zealand Southern Alps
The effect of acute caffeine ingestion on upper and lower body anaerobic exercise performance
Healthy people healthy places evidence tool: Evidence and practical linkage for design, planning and health
This project was commissioned by Public Health England to address the need for a UK centric evidence review which analyses and demonstrates the links between health and the built and natural environment. This umbrella review attempts to provide an overview, based on umbrella review methodology outlined in this document, of the strength of the evidence of the impacts on health of the built and natural environment with the purpose to inform action and policy
Estudo de custo-efetividade do anastrozol adjuvante no câncer de mama em mulheres pós-menopausa
OBJETIVOS: Análise econômica com dados nacionais sobre a possível incorporação do anastrozol como terapia adjuvante hormonal no câncer de mama em pacientes pós-menopausa. MÉTODOS: Foi feita estimativa de custo-efetividade no tratamento adjuvante do câncer de mama, em mulheres pós-menopausa, do anastrozol versus tamoxifeno em três perspectivas: do paciente, de planos de saúde e do governo. Modelo de Markov foi desenvolvido utilizando dados extraídos de publicação do estudo ATAC após seguimento de 100 meses, com projeção de desfechos em 25 anos para uma coorte hipotética de 1000 pacientes com câncer de mama pós-menopausa no Brasil. Dados de utilização de recursos e custos associados foram obtidos de fontes preestabelecidas e de opinião de especialistas. O custo associado aos tratamentos foi extraído separadamente, dependendo do ponto de vista estudado. O benefício foi inserido no modelo para obtenção do custo por ano de vida ganho ajustado pela qualidade (QALY). RESULTADOS: Extrapolando benefícios encontrados para 25 anos de seguimento, o anastrozol, em relação ao tamoxifeno, resultou numa estimativa de ganho de 0,29 QALY. A razão de custo-efetividade por QALY ganho dependeu da perspectiva utilizada. Houve incremento de R 32.230,00/QALY no dos planos de saúde; e de R 32.403,00/QALY in the public health system/government, R 55.270,00/QALY for patients. CONCLUSION: The benefit from adjuvant anastrozole in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer is associated to major differences in cost-effectiveness ratio and varies with the different perspectives. According to current WHO parameters, the increment is considered acceptable under public and private health system perspectives, but not from that of the patient
Exchange Rate Movements, Stock Prices and Volatility in the Caribbean and Latin America
We analyse the interrelationship between stock prices and exchange rates in the only two Caribbean countries with stock market and floating exchange rates: Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. We also study the same four Latin American countries as in Diamandis and Drakos (2011). Using their model, our results show a very mild relationship between both variables in Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Argentina and Brazil, but we cannot find any relationship in the other countries as in Diamantis and Drakos (2011). However, when we extend their model including a GARCH component to examine the impact of volatility, our results changed drastically: stock prices significantly impacted the exchange rate in the tranquil sub-period and the full period for Jamaica, over all three periods for Trinidad and Tobago and in the tranquil period for Argentina, Mexico and Chile. This shows the importance of incorporating volatility explicitly in the model. Our results have the policy implications that governments in the previous countries should try to prevent a currency crisis by stimulating economic growth and the expansion of the stock market to attract capital inflow as in Lin (2012).
Keywords: exchange rates, stock prices, volatility.
JEL Classifications: F31, G0
Exploring the relationships between heritage tourism, sustainable community development and host communities' health and wellbeing : a systematic review
Previous studies examining the impact of heritage tourism have focused on specific ecological, economic, political, or cultural impacts. Research focused on the extent to which heritage tourism fosters host communities' participation and enhances their capacity to flourish and support long-term health and wellbeing is lacking. This systematic review assessed the impact of heritage tourism on sustainable community development, as well as the health and wellbeing of local communities. Studies were included if they: (i) were conducted in English; (ii) were published between January 2000 and March 2021; (iii) used qualitative and/or quantitative methods; (iv) analysed the impact of heritage tourism on sustainable community development and/or the health and wellbeing of local host communities; and (v) had a full-text copy available. The search identified 5292 articles, of which 102 articles met the inclusion criteria. The included studies covering six WHO regions (Western Pacific, African, Americas, South-East Asia, European, Eastern Mediterranean, and multiple regions). These studies show that heritage tourism had positive and negative impacts on social determinants of health. Positive impacts included economic gains, rejuvenation of culture, infrastructure development, and improved social services. However, heritage tourism also had deleterious effects on health, such as restrictions placed on local community participation and access to land, loss of livelihood, relocation and/or fragmentation of communities, increased outmigration, increases in crime, and erosion of culture. Thus, while heritage tourism may be a poverty-reducing strategy, its success depends on the inclusion of host communities in heritage tourism governance, decision-making processes, and access to resources and programs. Future policymakers are encouraged to adopt a holistic view of benefits along with detriments to sustainable heritage tourism development. Additional research should consider the health and wellbeing of local community groups engaged in heritage tourism. Protocol PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018114681
Synthesis and reactivity of N,N’-1,4-diazabutadiene derived borocations
A series of borocations have been synthesised from the addition of haloboranes to synthetically accessible N,N′-1,4-diazabutadiene precursors, which are derived from commercially available anilines. The synthesis and structural studies of the borocations are described
Malaria infection changes the ability of splenic dendritic cell populations to stimulate antigen-specific T cells
The capacity of splenic CD11c+ dendritic cell (DC) populations to present antigen (Ag) to T cells differs during malarial infection with Plasmodium chabaudi in mice. Both CD11c+CD8+ and CD8− DCs presented malarial peptides on their surface during infection. However, although both DC subsets expressing malaria peptides could induce interferon-γ production by CD4 T cells, only CD8− DCs isolated at the acute phase of infection stimulated Ag-specific T cell proliferation and interleukin (IL)-4 and -10 production from MSP1-specific T cell receptor for Ag transgenic T cells coincidental with our reported Th1 to Th2 switch at this stage in response to the pathogen. The timing of these distinct DC responses coincided with increased levels of apoptosis in the CD8+ population and an increase in the numbers of CD8− DCs in the spleen. Our data suggest that the switch in CD4 T cell responses observed in P. chabaudi–infected mice may be the result of the presentation by different DC populations modified by the malaria infection
LGBTQ+ suicide – A call to action for researchers and governments on the politics, practices, and possibilities of LGBTQ+ suicide prevention
Echinomycin mitigates ocular angiogenesis by transcriptional inhibition of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1
Background: Echinomycin (EKN), an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 DNA-binding activity, has been implied as a possible therapeutic agent in ischemic diseases. Here, we assess EKN in hypoxia-driven responses in vitro using human primary adult retinal pigment epithelium cells (aRPE) and retinal endothelial cells (hREC), and in vivo using the laser-induced mouse choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model.
Methods: Effects of EKN on hypoxia-mediated pathways in aRPE were analyzed by Western blotting for HIF-1α protein, quantitative PCR of HIF-target genes, and proteome array for soluble angiogenic factors. In vitro inhibition of angiogenesis by EKN was determined in hREC. In vivo inhibition of angiogenesis by EKN was determined in the mouse laser-induced CNV, as a model of HIF-associated ocular neovascularization. CNV lesion area was determined by fundus fluorescein angiography.
Results: aRPE treated with EKN showed hypoxia-dependent significantly decreased cell recovery in the wound healing assay. These results were supported by lower levels of HIF-mediated transcripts detected in hypoxic aRPE cells treated with EKN compared with non-treated controls, and confirmed by proteome profiler for angiogenic factors. hREC exposed to aRPE EKN-conditioned medium displayed reduced sprouting angiogenesis. Mice with laser-induced CNV treated with intravitreally injected EKN showed significantly decreased vascular lesion area when compared with a mouse equivalent of aflibercept, or vehicle-treated controls.
Conclusions: Our data proposes EKN as a potent inhibitor of HIF-mediated angiogenesis in retinal cells and in the mouse model of CNV, which could have future implications in the treatment of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades de España. FPU17/0346
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