Social construction of identities: Pomaks in Bulgaria

'There is an ongoing debate about whether individual and group identities are fixed and resistant to change or fluid, changing according to evaluation by individuals and groups of circumstances at a given time and place. This article, by examining the history of Pomak identities during the twentieth century, concludes that identities are socially constructed through performance, political struggle and compromise. Individuals and groups often use identities strategically to adapt to a variety of situations to produce and support effective self-concepts.' (author's abstract

ASSESSMENT OF EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT COOPERATION IN AZERBAIJAN TOURISM INDUSTRY

The aim of this article is to investigate the university-industry cooperation influence on further tourism personnel potential development in Azerbaijan. Although tourism in Azerbaijan continues to grow it faces considerable challenges in the field of personnel potential. It is well-known that tourism industry has criticised tourism education for not adequately training people for employment in the industry. Unfortunately today the majority of workforce in the tourism industry of Azerbaijan consists of foreigners and this proves that there is a gap between tourism education and industry in Azerbaijan. If there is a gap between the outcomes expected in the tourism industry and tourism education, sustainable development is impossible to be achieved in that sphere. In order to understand the reasons leading to that gap, the article analyzes the infrastructure of the existing tourism educational establishments in Azerbaijan and recommends that cooperation between education and industry be created. The survey involves tourism industry and education as well as the attitudes of students and tourism employees towards such a partnership. Students who study at tourismrelated establishments and employees who work in the tourism sector were surveyed and their opinions and needs regarding the collaboration were analysed. The survey was conducted for both university students and tourism firms in order to obtain data and make a comparable analysis. The study shows that limited research in Azerbaijan, however, has systematically explored what the tourism industry needs, and the extent to which tourism higher education meets these needs. Consequently, the graduates and tourism industry representatives suggested that there should be a close collaboration between the educators and the industries. Representatives of the survey made suggestions related to cooperation such as relations between industry representatives and tourism enterprises, which have to be consultative, exchange programmes have to be implemented, and independent tourism awards have to be established.

MANUFACTURE EXTRACTION PHOSPHORIC ACID BY WET METHOD

Results of comparative analyses of a chemical compound and technological exponents of manufacture extraction phosphoric acid are resulted. It is shown, that optimum conditions of reception extraction phosphoric acid with the content of 21,5-23% Р2О5 are temperature 85-90оС, ratio L:S = 2,5-3,5 and the content free SО3 1,5-2,5%

Оценка возможных внешнеполитических и экономических последствий для Украины в вариантах интеграции с ЕС и ЕЭП

Эминов Р. Д. Оценка возможных внешнеполитических и экономических последствий для Украины в вариантах интеграции с ЕС и ЕЭП / Р. Д. Эминов // Актуальні проблеми політики : зб. наук. пр. / редкол.: С. В. Ківалов (голов. ред.), Л. І. Кормич (заст. голов. ред.), М. А. Польовий [та ін.] ; НУ «ОЮА», Південноукраїнський центр гендерних проблем. – Одеса : Фенікс, 2014. – Вип. 53. – С. 104-114.В данной статье рассматривается целый комплекс факторов, прежде всего экономического характера, которые стимулируют привлекательность интеграционных процессов для Украины и мотивируют политические решения в отношении анализа и планирования интеграционных намерений Украины в контексте Евразийской и Европейской перспектив. На базе количественного и сравнительного подходов в статье предпринята попытка очертить обзор сценарных перспектив Украины с целью получения максимально объективных данных в экономическом блоке проблемы и преимуществ той или иной формы интеграции для Украины.In the given article analyzed a complex of the problems which is challenged Ukrainian state in process of building their own model of the partnership policy, which we can title as integration policy in both EAEC and EU direct. The observed components of Ukrainian integration policy mainly are based on the economic and technological factors which in turn stimulates the research a most appropriate form integration of Ukraine as into Eurasian Economic Community, as well as the European Union on the principles of equality an economic attractiveness. Also the author haven’t right to argue that what was done by him is never done before, but in part of realizing the searching work in this domain there are lack of quantitative effects from any version of a similar investigation on such topic. This is why we have a honor to announce that made up article summarize a complicated methods of quantitative and systematic-functional approaches in learning the key aspects of integration policy to both sides. We contemplate the Ukrainian integration’s fate as long time don’t solved node according its own history, and recipe to overcome the intention-lacking state isn’t a question of today this is because the Ukraine government leaders aren’t submitted a wider-scale national plan on accomplishment the most optimal integration policy for all period of its independent life. According this matter the crux of this investigative work is to dive at the core integration process of Ukrainian general policy and examine the most crucial problems which occur during all time. All methods applied in this work is to simplify for the widely readers don’t reducing the scientific evaluation and significance of the concerning topic. For the truth sake it is need to confess that mentioned number of made investigations on this direct unfortunately aren’t include quantitative and qualitative effects of Ukraine movements into European Union as well as there isn’t any arguments and incentives so far which could proves necessity any choice of strategic line of young Ukrainian republic.У даній статті розглядається цілий комплекс факторів, перш за все економічного характеру, які стимулюють привабливість інтеграційних процесів для України та мотивують політичне рішення щодо аналізу та планування інтеграційних намірів України в контексті Євразійської та Європейської перспективи. На базі кількісного та порівняльного підходів у статті започаткована спроба окреслити огляд сценарних перспектив України з метою одержання максимально об’єктивних даних в економічному блоці проблеми та переваг тієї або іншої форми інтеграції для України

Direct catalytic conversion of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using ionic liquids

Cellulose is the single largest component of lignocellulosic biomass and is an attractive feedstock for a wide variety of renewable platform chemicals and biofuels, providing an alternative to petrochemicals and petrofuels. This potential is currently limited by the existing methods of transforming this poorly soluble polymer into useful chemical building blocks, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Ionic liquids have been used successfully to separate cellulose from the other components of lignocellulosic biomass and so the use of the same medium for the challenging transformation of cellulose into HMF would be highly attractive for the development of the biorefinery concept. In this report, ionic liquids based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cations [C4C1im]+ with Lewis basic (X = Cl−) and Brønsted acidic (X = HSO4−) anions were used to investigate the direct catalytic transformation of cellulose to HMF. Variables probed included the composition of the ionic liquid medium, the metal catalyst, and the reaction conditions (temperature, substrate concentration). Lowering the cellulose loading and optimising the temperature achieved a 58% HMF yield after only one hour at 150 °C using a 7 mol % loading of the CrCl3 catalyst. This compares favourably with current literature procedures requiring much longer reactions times or approaches that are difficult to scale such as microwave irradiation

Applied Software for Managing a Small Business

In this paper we present software solution for managing a small business with fixed number of products, prices and quantities. The presented software application is developed on a dot NET platform using programming language C\# and it is designed for the most used operating system - Windows. The software application provides different functions for different types of uses