Debatir la matrícula: los antropólogos de la calle

El Panel “Debatir la matrícula en Antropología: las carreras y asociaciones de Antropología dialogan sobre el ejercicio profesional” a cargo del Colegio de Graduados en Antropología de la República Argentina, coordinado por Silvia Hirsch y Paula Lanusse, propuso reunir a colegas que son directoras y directores de las carreras de antropología del país y a quienes presiden organizaciones (asociaciones, colegios profesionales) de Antropología, "para debatir y trabajar en la elaboración de propuestas que nos permitan ampliar los horizontes para el ejercicio profesional de la antropología." En ese marco se presentaron catorce disertaciones orales que pueden consultarse en el registro audiovisual del congreso. Trece de esas presentaciones se reponen acá en forma escrita: · Hirsch, Silvia y Paula Lanusse. “Debatir la matrícula en antropología: Las carreras y asociaciones de antropología dialogan sobre el ejercicio profesional”. Colegio de Graduados en Antropología de la República Argentina (CGA). · Espiro Valeria Elizabeth. “La profesionalización de la Arqueología y la Antropología en Catamarca”. Escuela de Arqueología, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. · Casimiro, Nancy y Lucía Ríos. “Las PPS (Prácticas Profesionales Supervisadas) como opción de trabajo final de licenciatura en antropología en la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba”. Departamento de Antropología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. · Bergesio, Liliana. “Antropología en Jujuy: historia y desafíos de la carrera y el Colegio de Graduados”. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Jujuy y Colegio de Graduados en Antropología de Jujuy. · Fretes, Lucía Mabel . “Matrícula y antropología social en Misiones, de potencialidades y deberes”. Departamento de Antropología Social, Universidad Nacional de Misiones. · Liotta, Karen. “Reflexiones sobre el ejercicio profesional en Antropología. Procesos de debate en el marco de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata”. Centro de Graduadxs de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. · Matta, Juan Pablo. “Consideraciones sobre una Ley de Ejercicio Profesional de la Antropología desde la experiencia atravesada en la Provincia de Buenos Aires”. Grupo de Estudios Socioculturales del Conflicto, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. · Badaró, Máximo. “La licenciatura en Antropología Social y Cultural en la Escuela IDAES / Universidad Nacional de San Martín”. Licenciatura en Antropología Social y Cultural, Escuela Interdisciplinaria de Altos Estudios Sociales, Universidad Nacional de San Martín. · Kropff Causa, Laura. “La profesionalización de la antropología en la Universidad Nacional de Río Negro”. Licenciatura en Ciencias Antropológicas orientación sociocultural, Escuela de Humanidades y Estudios Sociales, Sede Andina, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. · Lombardo, Emilio. “Debatir la matrícula: Los antropólogos de la calle”. Licenciatura en Antropología, Universidad Nacional de Salta. · Barrera, Nicolás. “Breves apuntes para pensar la formación en Antropología en la ciudad de Rosario”. Escuela de Antropología, Facultad de Humanidades y Artes, Universidad Nacional de Rosario. · López Tessore, Verónica. “Debatir la matrícula en Antropología: Genealogías y trayectos desde Rosario”. Asociación de Antropología de Rosario. · Engelman, Juan Manuel. “Relevamiento sobre matriculación de la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología”. Sociedad Argentina de Antropología (SAA).Panel 3: Debatir la matrícula en Antropología: las carreras y asociaciones de Antropología dialogan sobre el ejercicio profesional.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

El trabajo antropológico fuera de la universidad: trayectorias laborales de graduades de la Carrera de Antropología de la Universidad Nacional de Salta

Este trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto CIUNSA N° 2580 “Una etnografía de la antropología en Salta: historia, organización social y vida cotidiana de la práctica antropológica salteña”. En el mismo se propone investigar etnográficamente la situación actual de la disciplina antropológica salteña contemplando el campo académico y profesional para otorgar una visión de conjunto a la heterogeneidad de procesos que involucran a la práctica de la antropología en condiciones históricas y sociales específicas. Uno de los objetivos del mismo plantea el relevamiento de trayectorias laborales de les graduades a fin de producir conocimiento crítico y reflexivo disponible para la consulta, la planificación y la toma de decisiones. En la actualidad no hay información sistematizada sobre estos aspectos, por lo que no es factible vislumbrar reflexivamente las posibilidades laborales de la disciplina, posibilidades que representan una auténtica demanda por parte de los estudiantes de la carrera. Por esto se han iniciado actividades exploratorias: relevamiento de información de carácter secundario, reuniones, entrevistas y clases expositivas a fin de avanzar en la generación de vínculos, producir información colaborativamente y valorar la práctica profesional y la trayectoria de nuestros graduades.GT 44: ¿Por qué importa la historia de la antropología? Diálogos entre el pasado y el presente disciplinar.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

An experiment on wind energy

We discuss an experiment on wind energy performed with home-made apparatus. The experiment reproduces a laboratory windmill, which can pump water from a lower level to a higher one. By measuring the gain of the gravitational potential energy of the pumped water, one can determine the power extracted from the wind. The activity was carried out with high-school students, in the framework of the Italian National Plan for Scientific Degrees-Physics. The proposed experiment allows teachers to discuss renewable energy sources with students whose knowledge of physics is limited to mechanics. It gives students the possibility to gain experience with energy and to increase their awareness of this renewable energy source

Identification of structural alerts for liver and kidney toxicity using repeated dose toxicity data

Background: The potential for a compound to cause hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity is a matter of extreme interest for human health risk assessment. To assess liver and kidney toxicity, repeated-dose toxicity (RDT) studies are conducted mainly on rodents. However, these tests are expensive, time-consuming and require large numbers of animals. For early toxicity screening, in silico models can be applied, reducing the costs, time and animals used. Among in silico approaches, structure-activity relationship (SAR) methods, based on the identification of chemical substructures (structural alerts, SAs) related to a particular activity (toxicity), are widely employed. Results: We identified and evaluated some SAs related to liver and kidney toxicity, using RDT data on rats taken from the hazard evaluation support system (HESS) database. We considered only SAs that gave the best percentages of true positives (TP). Conclusions: It was not possible to assign an unambiguous mode of action for all the SAs, but a mechanistic explanation is provided for some of them. Such achievements may help in the early identification of liver and renal toxicity of substances

Extractivism and State: “El Tranquerazo” in response to the installation of Nitratos Austin S.A. in the province of Salta, Argentina

Nitratos Austin S.A. es una empresa de capitales estadounidenses dedicada a la producción de nitrato de amonio, elemento utilizado en la fabricación de fertilizantes y explosivos para la megaminería. En 2011 la empresa presentó un Estudio de Impacto Ambiental y Social para instalar una planta en el departamento de Metán, provincia de Salta, pero la aspiración de construir allí una planta no tenía un consenso generalizado entre los vecinos del lugar. En mayo de 2013 los “Vecinos Autoconvocados de la Cuenca del Río Juramento” levantaron “El Tranquerazo”,un acampe fuera de la entrada del predio de la empresa, y evitaron el ingreso de materiales y trabajadores hasta marzo del 2014 cuando fueron desalojados por infantería. Actualmente, la planta se encuentra en construcción pero el conflicto socio-ambiental continúa. Este artículo define la instalación de Nitratos Austin S.A. en la provincia de Salta como un caso de extractivismo y muestra el rol fundamental que juegan tanto el extractivismo como el Estado en la acumulación del capital. El método utilizado para su realización fue la etnografía, que incluyó trabajos de campo e incorporó técnicas como la observación participante, el registro fotográfico y las entrevistas semiestructuradas no direccionadas. Se concluye que, en un contexto de disminución de los recursos naturales en los centros del capital, la incorporación de nuevos territorios y sus recursos al proceso de trabajo es vital. El extractivismo se vuelve un engranaje central de la acumulación del capital y el Estado, un sirviente del capital.Nitrates Austin S.A. is an American capital company, subsidiary of Austin Powder International, which is dedicated to the production of ammonium nitrate, an element used in the manufacture of fertilizers and explosives for mega-mining. In 2011 the company presented an Environmental and Social Impact Study to install a plant in the department of Metán, province of Salta, but the aspiration to build a plant there did not have a general consensus among the residents of the area. In May 2013 the “Self-organized Neighbors of the Juramento River Basin” erected “El Tranquerazo”, a camp outside the entrance of the company’s premises, and prevented the entry of materials and workers until March 2014 when they were evicted by infantry . Since then, the plant is under construction but the socio-environmental conflict continues. The following work is proposed to define the installation of Nitratos Austin S.A. in the province of Salta as a case of extractivism, and to show the fundamental role played by both extractivism and the State in the accumulation of capital. To do this, the ethnographic method that included field work was used and incorporated techniques such as participant observation, photographic record and semi-structured non-directed interviews. In this work extractivism will be understood as a process that involves the extraction of natural resources in large volume or high intensity, which are exported as raw materials with a very low or no processing, and which implies the expansion of capital over territories previously considered unproductive. In most of the cases, the violence exerted by the State on nearby populations and communities so that the extractive projects are installed is decisive. Given the large amounts of water and natural gas - subsidized - that the enterprise will use, and that the final product of the chain (metals and agricultural products) will be almost completely exported, the arrival of Nitratos Austin S.A. is constituted in a case of extractivism. Besides, the State has implemented different mechanisms to criminalize and repress protest. It is concluded that in a context of diminishing natural resources in the capital centers, the incorporation of new territories and their resources into the work process is vital. Extractivism becomes a central mechanism of the accumulation of capital, and the role of the State is not a mere passivity, on the contrary, the State becomes a servant of capital.Fil: Escosteguy, Melisa Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional; ArgentinaFil: Lombardo, Emilio Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Humanidades; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentin

Stato sanitario dei colombi della città di Bolzano

I colombi urbani, per il loro stato sinantropico, costituiscono un considerevole rischio sanitario per i cittadini e gli animali con cui vengono in contatto. In questo lavoro vengono riportati i risultati delle analisi fatte a Bolzano sul loro stato sanitario, nel quadro di un progetto di gestione e monitoraggio della locale popolazione di colombi. Le prevalenze di Chlamydiaceae riscontrate nel periodo 2001- 2009 sono sempre risultate elevate, ma in linea con quanto noto in letteratura, sicché è possibile defi nire questo batterio come un ospite stabile del colombo, nonché uno dei maggiori agenti zoonotici. Prevalenze egualmente elevate sono state riscontrate per Toxoplasma gondii. Al contrario non sono stati individuati colombi affetti da salmonellosi e Febbre Q, e del tutto episodici i casi di borreliosi. Le prevalenze di infestazione da larve di Argas refl exus sono risultate diminuite fortemente rispetto agli anni ’90, fatto che con l’assenza di casi di salmonellosi, depone a favore della qualità dell’ambiente bolzanino. Sono state ritrovate cinque specie di parassiti intestinali alcune delle quali con una abbondanza così alta da determinare l’occlusione del dotto intestinale. I risultati sono discussi in vista del rischio che i vari patogeni costituiscono per l’uomo e gli altri animali, con un focus sui fattori potenzialmente responsabili dell’alta occorrenza di Chlamydiacea

CORAL: the prediction of biodegradation of organic compounds with optimal SMILES-based descriptors

Abstract CORAL software (http:/www.insilico.eu/coral) has been used to build up quantitative structure-biodegradation relationships (QSPR). The normalized degradation percentage has been used as the measure of biodegradation (for diverse organic compounds, n=445). Six random splits into sub-training, calibration, and test sets were examined. For each split the QSPR one-variable linear regression model based on the SMILES-based optimal descriptors has been built up. The average values of numbers of compounds and the correlation coefficients (r2) between experimental and calculated biodegradability values of these six models for the test sets are n=88.2±11.7 and r2=0.728±0.05. These six models were further tested against a set of chemicals (n=285) for which only categorical values (biodegradable or not) were available. Thus we also evaluated the use of the model as a classifier. The average values of the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 0.811±0.019, 0.795±0.024, and 0.803±0.008, respectively

I colombi della città di Bolzano: interventi di gestione e caratteristiche della popolazione

Il colombo urbano è un’entità prettamente sinantropica che pone continui problemi di convivenza con l’uomo e le sue attività. Il comune di Bolzano ha, fi n dal 1988, avviato un programma di gestione della popolazione di colombi, coordinato da una commissione tecnico-scientifi ca composta da esperti e portatori di interesse. Il programma ha previsto una iniziale caratterizzazione morfologica e comportamentale di questa popolazione, che ha mostrato l’assenza di voli quotidiani di foraggiamento nelle campagne, così che le risorse trofi che sono reperite totalmente nell’ambito urbano. Per il controllo numerico dei colombi sono state sperimentate sia metodologie di cattura e soppressione dei soggetti, che di chemiosterilizzazione. Quest’ultima metodologia, o per l’assenza di risul- tati tangibili o per il gravoso impegno economico, è stata abbandonata dopo l’impiego di prodotti contenenti sia progesterone che nicarbazina come principio attivo. Il modello di gestione attuale è basato: a) sulla quotidiana distribuzione di granaglie in 10 punti fi ssi, dove erano state costruite apposite piazzole di alimentazione; b) sul controllo dello stato sanitario dei colombi, accertato su di un campione percentualmente rappresentativo della popolazione, mediante la cattura di esemplari alle piazzole; c) sul monitoraggio delle dimensioni della popolazione, valutata sia attraverso i conteggi alle piazzole sia con metodologie di stima tramite distance sampling; d) sulla emanazione di ordinanze volte a vietare la distribuzione di cibo da parte dei cittadini e promuovere la difesa degli edifi ci per disincentivare lo stazionamento dei colombi

Islet neogenesis: An apparent key component of long-term pancreas adaptation to increased insulin demand

This study aimed to determine the relative importance of different functional and morphological pancreatic changes induced by the chronic administration of a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) to maintain normal glucose homeostasis. Male Wistar rats were fed either sucrose (SRD) or starch (CD) for 6 and 12 months. At both periods, serum glucose and triacylglycerol levels were significantly higher (P<0.05; paired and unpaired Student's t-test) in SRD rats. Serum insulin levels were significantly lower in SRD only at 12 months. At 6 months, the insulin secretion dose-response curve in SRD rats showed a shift to the left that was no longer observed at 12 months, when SRD islets decreased their response to 16 mM glucose. At 6 months, SRD rats showed a significant increase in β-cell volume density (Vvi) and islet cell replication rate, together with a decrease in β-cell apoptotic rate. Changes were not detected in the percentage of PDX-1- and islet neogenesis associated protein (INGAP)-positive cells. Conversely, at 12 months, there was a significant decrease in β-cell Vvi and in the percentage of PDX-1-positive cells; the islet cell replication rate was not modified, and the number of apoptotic β-cells increased significantly. No signs of increased neogenesis or INGAP-positive cells were recorded at any period in SRD rats. Our results show that SRD rats are unable to develop functional and morphological pancreatic reactive changes sufficient to maintain normal glucose and triacylglycerol levels for a long period. Such failure could be ascribed to their inability to increase the rate of neogenesis and of INGAP production.Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicad

Islet neogenesis: An apparent key component of long-term pancreas adaptation to increased insulin demand

This study aimed to determine the relative importance of different functional and morphological pancreatic changes induced by the chronic administration of a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) to maintain normal glucose homeostasis. Male Wistar rats were fed either sucrose (SRD) or starch (CD) for 6 and 12 months. At both periods, serum glucose and triacylglycerol levels were significantly higher (P<0.05; paired and unpaired Student's t-test) in SRD rats. Serum insulin levels were significantly lower in SRD only at 12 months. At 6 months, the insulin secretion dose-response curve in SRD rats showed a shift to the left that was no longer observed at 12 months, when SRD islets decreased their response to 16 mM glucose. At 6 months, SRD rats showed a significant increase in β-cell volume density (Vvi) and islet cell replication rate, together with a decrease in β-cell apoptotic rate. Changes were not detected in the percentage of PDX-1- and islet neogenesis associated protein (INGAP)-positive cells. Conversely, at 12 months, there was a significant decrease in β-cell Vvi and in the percentage of PDX-1-positive cells; the islet cell replication rate was not modified, and the number of apoptotic β-cells increased significantly. No signs of increased neogenesis or INGAP-positive cells were recorded at any period in SRD rats. Our results show that SRD rats are unable to develop functional and morphological pancreatic reactive changes sufficient to maintain normal glucose and triacylglycerol levels for a long period. Such failure could be ascribed to their inability to increase the rate of neogenesis and of INGAP production.Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicad