13 research outputs found
A kora-miocén Pétervásárai Homokkő diagenezis-története
Az eggenburgi korĂş, sekĂ©lytengeri környezetben kĂ©pzĹ‘dött PĂ©tervásárai HomokkĹ‘ FormáciĂłt, mint ismert rezervoár kĹ‘zet felszĂni analĂłgját vizsgáltuk. A szemcseösszetĂ©tel, a diagenezistörtĂ©net Ă©s a porozitásfejlĹ‘dĂ©s rekonstrukciĂłjához
terepi vizsgálatokat Ă©s petrográfiai megfigyelĂ©seket vĂ©geztĂĽnk, melyeket geokĂ©miai mĂ©rĂ©sek egĂ©szĂtettek ki. A vizsgált, aprĂł-durvaszemcsĂ©s, kĹ‘zettörmelĂ©kes homokkĹ‘ben a komponensek mennyisĂ©gi aránya alapján nĂ©gy litofácies kĂĽlön - böztethetĹ‘ meg; ezek a porĂłzus (LF1), mátrixgazdag (LF2), cementgazdag (LF3), Ă©s mátrix- Ă©s cementgazdag (LF4)
homokkĹ‘tĂpusok. A diagenezis során, az eogenezis tartományában kĂ©pzĹ‘dött autigĂ©n ásványok a glaukonit, a fram - boidális pirit, sziderit, káliföldpát továbbnövekedĂ©si cement, kaolinit Ă©s a feltĂ©telezhetĹ‘en nagyon kis mennyisĂ©gű kalcit - cement. A legalább 80 °C-os hĹ‘mĂ©rsĂ©kletet elĂ©rve, a mezogenezis tartományában megjelent a kvarc tovább növekedĂ©si cement, kevert szerkezetű illit/szmektit Ă©s albit keletkezett. ĂŤgy a fokozatosan betemetĹ‘dött homokkĹ‘ben a porozitás folyamatosan csökkent a kompakciĂł Ă©s a megjelenĹ‘ Ăşj ásványfázisok miatt. A legnagyobb mennyisĂ©gben megjelenĹ‘,egyik legkĂ©sĹ‘bbi autigĂ©n ásványfázis a kalcit. Ez fĹ‘leg ásványhelyettesĂtĂ©skĂ©nt, kisebb rĂ©szben pedig cementkĂ©nt,elszigetelt lencsĂ©kben van jelen. A rendelkezĂ©sre állĂł geokĂ©miai adatok alapján, figyelembe vĂ©ve a terĂĽlet földtani felĂ©pĂtĂ©sĂ©t, a kalcit eredete több genetikai modellel is magyarázhatĂł. Ezek szerint kĂ©pzĹ‘dhetett egyrĂ©szt a mezogenezis tartományában, az ĂĽledĂ©kkel betemetĹ‘dött mĂłdosult tengeri eredetű pĂłrusfluidumbĂłl, másrĂ©szt keletkezhetett törĂ©sek mentĂ©n a kĹ‘zettestbe áramlott egzotikus fluidumbĂłl. Ez utĂłbbi esetben is kĂ©t változat lehetsĂ©ges, vagy egy magas hĹ‘mĂ©rsĂ©kletű formáciĂłs fluidumbĂłl vált ki, vagy egy mĂ©lyre cirkulált Ă©s felmelegedett meteorikus eredetű fluidumbĂłl. A homokkĹ‘ jelentĹ‘s porozitással rendelkezik, fĹ‘leg a kalcitot nem tartalmazĂł rĂ©szeken. Ez a porozitás a kiemelkedĂ©s során, a felszĂn közelĂ©ben alakulhatott ki a beszivárgĂł meteorikus vizek oldĂł hatása rĂ©vĂ©n. A feltárásban megjelenĹ‘
különleges mállási formák kialakulásában a homokkő diagenezistörténetének jelentős szerepe volt.
For this paper, the Eggenburgian Pétervására Sandstone — a shallow marine siliciclastic formation — was studied as a surface analogue for known reservoir rocks. Field observation in the area of Kishartyán, detailed petrography (including SEM, CL) and geochemical analysis (XRD, SEM-EDS, stable isotope analysis) were applied to find out more about the diagenetic processes, the burial history, the porosity evolution, and their relationship with the weathering forms. The composition of the fine to very coarse-grained sandstones varies between subarenite and litharenite. The most common detrital grains are mono- and polycrystalline quartz and sedimentary rock fragments (cherts, dolomites and metamorphic rock fragments). Ductile grains are represented by micas and altered volcanoclastic rock fragments. Based on the proportion of components, four lithofacies were distinguished: porous sandstone (LF1), matrix-rich sandstone (LF2),cement-rich sandstone (LF3), and matrix and cement rich sandstone (LF4). The eogenetic minerals are: glauconite,framboidal pyrite, flattened rhombohedral siderite crystals, K-feldspar overgrowth cement, kaolinite, and (supposedly)small amounts of calcite. The maximum burial temperature was likely reached at around 80 °C; this is indicated by the presence of quartz overgrowth cement, mixed layer illite/smectite, and replacive and cementing albite. These minerals were formed in the mesogenetic realm. During eogenesis and mesogenesis, the porosity of the sandstone progressively decreased due to compaction and the precipitation of authigenic minerals. Calcite is one of the latest diagenetic minerals and occurs both as a replacive phase and as cement. The distribution of calcite within the studied sandstone is heterogeneous. Calcite is present in elongated lenses where the sandstone has a very low porosity. Considering the geochemical data and the geological setting, the origin of the calcite can be explained by several genetic models. According to these models, the formation of the calcite may have taken place either in the mesogenetic realm from modified marine pore waters (buried together with the sediment), or from an exotic fluid channelled along fault zones. In the second scenario, there are two possibilities regarding the origin of the parent fluid: namely, (a) a formational fluid or
(b) a deeply circulated, warmed-up meteoric fluid. The high porosity of the sandstone is the result of dissolution by
meteoric water during uplift. Diagenetic evolution of the sandstone had a crucial role in the formation of the weathering
morphology
A felnőttkori hipnotikus fogékonyság fejlődési és szocializációs meghatározói = Developmental and Socialisational Determinants of Adult Hypnotic Susceptibility
A kliens Ă©s a terapeuta közötti hipnoterápiás kapcsolat sok szempontbĂłl hasonlĂt a gyermek–szĂĽlĹ‘ viszonyra. A hipnĂłzis szociál-pszichobiolĂłgiai megközelĂtĂ©sĂ©ben a felnĹ‘ttkori hipnotikus fogĂ©konyság mĂ©rtĂ©kĂ©t az idegrendszer fejlĹ‘dĂ©se Ă©s a szocializáciĂłs folyamatok is befolyásolják. Ennek ellenĂ©re eddig nagyon kevĂ©s kutatás foglalkozott a felnĹ‘ttkori hipnotikus fogĂ©konyság fejlĹ‘dĂ©si elĹ‘zmĂ©nyeivel. SzintĂ©n kevĂ©s vizsgálatot vĂ©geztek a szocializáciĂłs hatások feltárására; a gyermekkori emlĂ©keket ezekben is inkább kvalitatĂv mĂłdszerekkel tanulmányozták. Ebben a cikkben összefoglaljuk e kutatások fĹ‘bb eredmĂ©nyeit, majd bemutatjuk kutatĂłcsoportunk 2008 Ăłta vĂ©gzett vizsgálatait, amelyekben a szĂĽlĹ‘i nevelĂ©si stĂlusra vonatkozĂł emlĂ©kek Ă©s a felnĹ‘ttkori hipnotikus válasz összefĂĽggĂ©seit kerestĂĽk. Standardizált, kvantitatĂv mĂ©rĹ‘eszközöket alkalmazĂł keresztmetszeti vizsgálataink tanulsága, hogy a hideg-bĂĽntetĹ‘ szĂĽlĹ‘i nevelĂ©si stĂlus elĹ‘rejelzi a laboratĂłriumi hipnĂłzisban átĂ©lt negatĂv Ă©rzelmeket Ă©s a hipnotizĹ‘r rosszallásátĂłl valĂł fĂ©lelmet. Ezt a kapcsolatot rĂ©szben az alexitĂmiás Ă©rzelemfeldolgozás mediálja. Ezek az eredmĂ©nyek segĂtsĂ©get adhatnak a hipnoterápia megtervezĂ©sĂ©hez Ă©s a teherbĂrĂł pszichoterápiás szövetsĂ©g kialakĂtásához.
The hypnotherapeutic relationship between client and therapist bear many resemblances to the relationship between child and parent. According to the social-psychobiological theory of hypnosis, adult hypnotic susceptibility is influenced by neural development and socialization. Despite this fact, so far just a few studies investigated the developmental antecedents of adult hypnotic susceptibility. Similarly, the socialisation effects were scarcely studied; the few studies in this area rather aimed to map childhood memories in a qualitative manner. In this paper we summarise the results of these studies, then we present the investigations carried out by our research team since 2008 in order to unfold the associations between recalled parental rearing style and adult hypnotic response. The main conclusion of our cross-sectional studies that employed standardised quantitative measures is that cold-punishing parental style predicts negative emotions and fear of the hypnotist’s negative appraisal in laboratory hypnosis sessions. This association is partially mediated
by alexithymic affective processing. These results inform the planning of hypnotherapy and reinforce the therapeutic alliance
Hipnotizőrök archaikus bevonódásának vizsgálata = Investigating the Hypnotists' Archaic Involvement
HáttĂ©r Ă©s cĂ©lkitűzĂ©sek: Az alany hipnotizĹ‘rrel kapcsolatos áttĂ©teli Ă©rzelmi bevonĂłdását az Archaikus BevonĂłdási Skálával – ABS(A) lehet vizsgálni. A hipnĂłzis interaktĂv megközelĂtĂ©se azonban szĂĽksĂ©gessĂ© teszi, hogy a hipnotizĹ‘r archaikus bevonĂłdását is mĂ©rni lehessen. A jelen kutatásban az erre a cĂ©lra általunk kialakĂtott huszonkĂ©t tĂ©teles hipnotizĹ‘ri Archaikus BevonĂłdási Skála – ABS(H) – megbĂzhatĂłságát, faktorszerkezetĂ©t Ă©s a bevonĂłdás intenzitását vizsgáltuk. MĂłdszer: 22 hipnotizĹ‘r összesen 387 alannyal elvĂ©gzett kĂsĂ©rleti hipnĂłzisa után az alanyok Ă©s hipnotizĹ‘reik egyaránt kitöltöttĂ©k az ABS-t. Az alanyokra Ă©s hipnotizĹ‘rökre vonatkozĂł adatok leĂrĂł statisztikai elemzĂ©se mellett feltárĂł faktoranalĂzissel vizsgáltuk az ABS(H) kĂ©rdĹ‘Ăv szerkezetĂ©t. Ă–sszevetettĂĽk a hipnotizĹ‘rök Ă©s alanyaik archaikus bevonĂłdásának mĂ©rtĂ©kĂ©t, illetve az egyes hipnotizĹ‘rök közötti kĂĽlönbsĂ©geket. EredmĂ©nyek: Az ABS(H) három faktorba szervezĹ‘dik: KötĹ‘dĂ©s Ă©s pozitĂv kapcsolat, Gondoskodás Ă©s törĹ‘dĂ©sigĂ©ny, KontrolligĂ©ny Ă©s fĂ©lelem a negatĂv megĂtĂ©lĂ©stĹ‘l. Az ABS(H) ugyanolyan jĂł megbĂzhatĂłságĂş, mint az ABS(A). Az alanyok Ă©s hipnotizĹ‘rök archaikus bevonĂłdása között nem vagy csak alacsony hatásmĂ©retű kĂĽlönbsĂ©get találtunk. Az egyes hipnotizĹ‘rök archaikus bevonĂłdása viszont szignifikáns kĂĽlönbsĂ©geket mutatott. KövetkeztetĂ©sek: Az ABS(H) alkalmas arra, hogy laboratĂłriumi helyzetben megbĂzhatĂłan mĂ©rje a hipnotizĹ‘rök alannyal kapcsolatos viszontáttĂ©teli Ă©rzelmeit. EredmĂ©nyeink arra utalnak, hogy az alanyok hasonlĂł erĹ‘ssĂ©gű archaikus bevonĂłdást Ă©lnek át kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ hipnotizĹ‘rökkel, az egyes hipnotizĹ‘rök Ă©rzelmi viszonyulása azonban jelentĹ‘sen eltĂ©rhet más-más alannyal vĂ©gzett laboratĂłriumi hipnĂłzisok során. Ez a megfigyelĂ©s fontos adalĂ©kokat szolgáltat a hipnoterápiás kapcsolat jobb megĂ©rtĂ©sĂ©hez is.
Background and aims: The emotional (archaic) involvement of the hypnotic subjects can be investigated with the standardised Archaic Involvement Measure, AIM(S). The interactional approach of hypnosis, however, requires that the countertransference-like experiences are measured in the hypnotists as well. Our study introduces the 22-item hypnotist version of the Archaic Involvement Measure – AIM(H) – developed in our laboratory for this aim and investigates the reliability and the factor structure of the questionnaire. Method: 22 hypnotists and their 387 subjects filled in the AIM after experimental hypnosis sessions. We calculated descriptive statistiscs, compared the intensity and the individual differences of archaic involvement of hypnotists and their subjects, and performed exploratory factor analysis on AIM(H) items.
Results: The AIM(H) items are organised in three factors: Attachment and positive relationship; Concern and need for caring; Need for control and fear of negative appraisal. The AIM(H) is equally reliable as the version of AIM for subjects. Archaic involvement of hypnotists and subjects did not differ significantly or the difference has a low effect size. At the same time there were signifi cant individual differences in archaic involvement among hypnotists. Conclusion: The AIM(H) is a reliable tool for measuring the countertransference-like experiences of hypnotists in experimental settings. Our results suggest that while subjects experience similar intensity of archaic involvements across interactions with different hypnotists, the emotional involvement of the hypnotists can be remarkably different across laboratory hypnosis sessions the hypnotist conducts with different subjects. This observation can deepen our understanding of the hypnotherapeutic relationship
A tudat fenomenolĂłgiája kĂ©rdĹ‘Ăv magyar változatával szerzett tapasztalatok = Results with the Application of the Hungarian Adaptation of the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory
Ebben a tanulmányban a Tudat FenomenolĂłgiája KĂ©rdĹ‘Ăv (Pekala, 1982, 1991) magyar adaptáciĂłját Ă©s a kĂ©rdĹ‘Ăv alkalmazásával kapott eredmĂ©nyeket foglaljuk össze. Az ötvenhárom tĂ©telbĹ‘l állĂł mĂ©rĹ‘eszköz a tudat mĂłdosulásának mĂ©rtĂ©kĂ©t Ă©s a szubjektĂv Ă©lmĂ©nyek mintázatát tizenkĂ©t fĹ‘- Ă©s tizennĂ©gy aldimenziĂł mentĂ©n mĂ©ri, Ă©s a hipnĂłzis interakciĂłs megközelĂtĂ©sĂ©vel összhangban nemcsak az alany, de a hipnotizĹ‘r esetĂ©ben is használhatĂł. A kĂ©rdĹ‘Ăv nem csupán hipnĂłzisban, hanem bármilyen más helyzetben is alkalmazhatĂł, ahol a tudatállapot mĂłdosulására számĂtunk, Ăgy lehetĹ‘vĂ© teszi a kĂĽlönfĂ©le mĂłdszerekkel lĂ©trehozott vagy spontán kialakulĂł mĂłdosult tudatállapotok szubjektĂv Ă©lmĂ©nyeinek összehasonlĂtását is. A Tudat FenomenolĂłgiája KĂ©rdĹ‘Ăv megbĂzhatĂłsága megfelelĹ‘, konstruktum- Ă©s diszkriminatĂv validitását számos nemzetközi Ă©s magyar vizsgálat alátámasztja. A kĂ©rdĹ‘Ăv tehát a mĂłdosult tudatállapotok során megjelenĹ‘ szubjektĂv Ă©lmĂ©nyek számszerűsĂtĂ©sĂ©re általánosan – Ă©s hipnĂłzisban kĂĽlönösen – jĂłl hasznosĂthatĂł mĂ©rĹ‘eszköz. Felhasználási lehetĹ‘sĂ©geit irodalmi összefoglalĂłval Ă©s kutatĂłcsoportunk korábbi eredmĂ©nyeibĹ‘l származĂł pĂ©ldákkal szemlĂ©ltetjĂĽk.
This study summarizes the Hungarian adaptation of the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI, Pekala, 1982, 1991) and the results with its application. The 53-item self-report questionnaire measures the intensity and pattern of alterations of consciousness with fourteen main and twelve subdimensions. In line with the interactional approach to hypnosis the PCI can be used not just with subjects but with hypnotists as well. The PCI can be applied not just in hypnosis but in any other situation where alterations in consciousness can be expected. Thus the PCI makes it possible to compare the subjective experiences of altered states of consciousness, either occuring spontaneously or induced by different methods.The reliability of the PCI is adequate, and it’s construct and discriminative validity is supported by numerous international and Hungarian studies. The PCI is therefore a good method for the quantification of subjective experiences occuring during various types of altered states of consciousness in general, and it is an especially useful tool in hypnosis research. Various possible applications of the PCI are illustrated by a literature review and examples from previous studies of our research team
The characteristics and changes of psychological immune competence of breast cancer patients receiving hypnosis, music or special attention
Introduction: Coping mechanism and adaptation skills play an important role in successfully adjusting to breast cancer. The concept of psychological immunity integrates different coping skills that are capacities leading to successful adaptation. Hypnosis as a psychological intervention is effective in increasing coping potentials; nevertheless, there is little empirical evidence on the effectiveness of hypnosis in terms of increasing psychological immunity. Purpose: Our aim was to examine the characteristics and changes of psychological immune competence of breast cancer patients receiving different psychological interventions. Methods: Altogether 61 patients were assigned to receive hypnosis, music, and special attention as adjunctive treatments to standard chemotherapy. Psychological immunity was measured four times with Psychological Immune Competence Inventory (PICI). Results: Differences were detected during treatment on Social Monitoring Capacity (F(2,58) = 5.973, p = .006, ω2 = .12); Problem-Solving Capacity (F(2,58) = 4.208, p=.023, ω2 = .10); Impulse Control (F(2,58) = 6.051, p = .005, ω2 = .11); Emotional Control (F(2,58) = 3.612, p = .037, ω2 = .07) and after the chemotherapy on Sense of Control (F(2,58) = 6.548, p = .004, ω2 = .11); Sense of Coherence (F(2,58) = 4.898, p = .013; ω2 = .10); Problem-Solving Capacity (F(2,58) = 3.949, p = .028, ω2 = .08). Hypnosis-group patients showed higher immune capacity compared to patients in the other two groups. Changes over time were measured and revealed increased psychological immunity based on cumulative PICI (F(3,174) = 6.403, p 2p = .10) and on certain PICI scales in all three groups. Only the scale of Synchronicity showed interactional effects (F(2,58) = 2.508, p = .024, η2p = .08). Conclusions: Psychological immune capacity of breast cancer patients seems to increase throughout chemotherapy and follow-up period, independently from the received interventions. Nonetheless hypnosis may have a further facilitating role in the maintenance and development of psychological immunity during cancer treatments
Ăšj kutatási eredmĂ©nyek aktĂv-Ă©ber hipnĂłzisban: fenomenolĂłgiai, fiziolĂłgiai Ă©s endokrin elemzĂ©sek = New Findings in Active-Alert Hypnosis: Phenomenological, Phyisiological and Nedocrinological Analyses
Az aktĂv-Ă©ber hipnĂłzis fontos mĂ©rföldkĹ‘ a hipnĂłzis jelensĂ©gĂ©nek megismerĂ©sĂ©ben: megdöntötte a sokáig uralkodĂł elmĂ©letet, mely szerint a hipnĂłzis az alváshoz hasonlĂł állapot. MĂ©gis viszonylag kevĂ©s kutatás foglalkozik a hipnĂłzis aktĂv formáival, kĂĽlönösen az aktĂv-Ă©ber hipnĂłzis kĂsĂ©rleti vizsgálatával. Tanulmányunk kĂ©t olyan kutatást foglal össze, amelyben az aktĂv-Ă©ber hipnĂłzis endokrinolĂłgiai, elektrodermális Ă©s fenomenolĂłgiai vonatkozását vizsgáltuk, mindezt az interakciĂłs keret hangsĂşlyozásával. Az elsĹ‘ vizsgálatban – elektrodermális aktivitásváltozások elemzĂ©se rĂ©vĂ©n – kimutattuk, hogy mĂg aktĂv-Ă©ber hipnĂłzisban rĂ©szt vevĹ‘, alacsony hipnábilitásĂş alanyoknál az indukciĂł vĂ©gĂ©n is megmarad a mindennapi Ă©ber tudatállapotra jellemzĹ‘ bal fĂ©ltekei dominancia, addig magas hipnábilitásĂş alanyoknál jobb fĂ©ltekei tĂşlsĂşly alakult ki. Ez a mintázat a tudatállapot megfelelĹ‘ irányĂş szubjektĂv mĂłdosulásaival is összefĂĽgg. A második vizsgálat eredmĂ©nye, hogy aktĂv-Ă©ber hipnĂłzis mind az alanyok, mind a hipnotizĹ‘rök kortizol- Ă©s oxitocinszintjĂ©t befolyásolhatja, Ă©s az endokrin változások erĹ‘ssĂ©ge összefĂĽgg az alany hipnábilitásával, valamint a mĂłdosult tudatállapot fenomenolĂłgiájával. Ezek az eredmĂ©nyek beilleszthetĹ‘k a hipnĂłzis interakciĂłs szemlĂ©leti keretĂ©be, Ă©s alátámasztják az aktĂv-Ă©ber hipnĂłzis jĂłtĂ©kony terápiás hatásait.
Active-alert hypnosis represents an important milestone in the study of hypnosis, refuting the so far predominant theory that hypnosis is a sleep-like state. Still there are relatively few studies focusing on the active forms of hypnosis, especially with the systematic examination of active-alert hypnosis. The following article summarises two already published studies, investigating the endocrinological, electrodermal and phenomenological aspects of active-alert hypnosis, all the while emphasizing the interactional framework. In the first study – through analysing changes in electrodermal activity – we demonstrated that while in low hypnotizable subjects, left hemispheric dominance (characteristic of everyday alert consciousness) is retained until the end of active-alert hypnotic induction, in high hypnotizable the hemispheric dominance shows a shift to the right hemisphere. This pattern is associated with subjective alterations in the consciousness. In the second study it was found that active-alert hypnosis can influence cortisol and oxytocin levels in both the subject and the hypnotist, and the intensity of the endocrine changes are associated with the subject’s hypnotizability and phenomenology of altered states of consciousness. These findings can be integrated to the interactional approach to hypnosis, and they support the beneficial therapeutic effects of active-alert hypnosis