TÜRKİYE’DE YÜKSEKÖĞRETİM KAVRAMI VE YÜKSEKÖĞRETİMİN İSTİHDAM VE EKONOMİYE ETKİSİNİN ANALİZİ

Bu çalışmada eğitimin ve dolayısıyla beşeri sermayenin önemi üzerine durulmuş, yükseköğretim kavramı incelenmiş, bireylerin eğitim seviyesinin artışıyla istihdam edilebilirliklerinin analizi yapılmıştır. Şimdiye kadar beşeri sermaye ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalarda beşeri sermayenin eğitim düzeyinin artışıyla ekonomik etkinliğinin arttığı yönünde sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Konunun önemine istinaden çalışmamızda eğitim sisteminin önemli bir yapı taşı olan yükseköğretim sistemi incelenmiştir. Bilimsel bilginin üretildiği ve bilgi maliyetinin yüksek olduğu yerlerden birinin üniversiteler olduğu göz önüne alınırsa üniversitelerin bilimsel bilginin önemi ve toplum dinamikleri için vazgeçilmez bir unsur olduğu gerçeği de daha iyi anlaşılacaktır. Eğitim sektörünün geliştirilmesi, kalitesinin arttırılması insan sermayesinin kalitesinin de yükseltilmesini gerektirecektir. İnsan sermayesinin kalitesinin arttırılması için bir takım yatırımların yapılması ve maliyetlere katlanılması gerekmektedir. Bu yatırımlarla toplum bir sonraki aşamaya ilerleyebilecek, ekonomik ve sosyal alanlarda birçok yeni ve iyi gelişmeler ortaya çıkabilecektir. Eğitim yatırımlarının topluma olan faydaları yanında bireylere olan faydaları da önemlidir. Bu faydaların başında bireyin aldığı eğitim düzeyi arttıkça istihdam edilebilirliği ve elde ettiği gelirin de artması gelmektedir. Kişinin eğitim düzeyini arttırabilmesi için katlanacağı maliyetle, gelecekte elde edeceği gelir karşılaştırılması yapılmaktadır. Lise mezunu bireyle üniversite mezunu bireyin gelecekte yakalayacağı iş imkânları, çalışacağı kurumlar ve elde edeceği gelirler farklı olmaktadır. Eğitimin bireysel faydalarının başında maddi ve manevi ömür boyu kazancın artması gelmektedir. Bu amaçlarla çalışmamızda yükseköğretimin gerekliliği, oluşturulma dinamikleri ve gelişim aşamaları, yükseköğretimin küresel gelişmeleri ifade edilmeye çalışılmış, ardından kısaca eğitimin işlevselliği ve üniversite mezunu olmanın bireysel ve sosyal kazançlara etkisi üzerinde durulmuştur. Son bölümde ise 1994-2014 yıllık verileri kullanılarak genel lise mezunu, meslek lisesi mezunu ve üniversite mezunu bireylerin istihdam üzerine etkisi Türkiye ekonomisi çerçevesinde incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Veriler Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu ve Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı istatistikler veri tabanlarından elde edilmiş ve Eviews 8 programıyla modelleme yapılmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle veri setleri için Augmented Dickey Fuller birim kök testi uygulanmış, En Küçük Kareler Yöntemine göre modelleme yapılmış ve Granger nedensellik testiyle değişkenlerin istihdam üzerine etkisi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır

Comparison of Apically Extruded Debris Associated with Different Nickel–Titanium Systems

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of different instrument systems on the amount of extruded debris. Materials and methods: A total of 30 extracted mandibular molars with two separate canals and apical foramina in the mesial roots were selected. The root canals (n=10) were randomly assigned to the six groups of file systems as follows: ProTaper Next (PTN), WaveOne (WO), WaveOne Gold (WOG), One Shape (OS), Reciproc (R) and Reciproc Blue (RB). The extruded debris during the instrumentation was collected into Eppendorf tubes, which were weighed and then stored in an incubator at 70°C over a period of five days to evaporate the irrigant. After the incubation process, the Eppendorf tubes were weighed again. The difference between these two measurements, the first one before and the second one after the incubation process, was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed, and the significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: R produced less debris compared to WO. R and PTN files produced significantly less debris compared to the OS files (p < 0.05). Extruded debris in RB and WO groups were not significantly different, while RB produced less debris than WOG and OS (p<0.05). Conclusions: All instrumentation systems allowed for the apical extrusion of the debris. Keywords: Apically extruded debris, Endodontics, Ni-Ti systems   ÖZ Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı nikel titanyum eğe sistemlerini apikalden taşan debris miktarı açısından değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada mesial köklerinde iki ayrı kanal ve apikal foramene sahip toplam 30 adet mandibular molar diş seçildi. Kök kanalları (n = 10) aşağıdaki altı eğe sistemine göre rastgele ayrılmıştır: ProTaper Next (PTN), WaveOne (WO), WaveOne Gold (WOG), One Shape (OS), Reciproc (R) ve Reciproc Blue (RB). İnstrümantasyon sırasında ekstrüde edilmiş debrisler önceden boş ağırlıkları ölçülmüş eppendorf tüplerinde toplandı ve sonra irrigantı buharlaştırmak için beş günlük bir süre boyunca 70 ° C'de bir inkübatörde saklandı. İnkübasyon sürecinden sonra, eppendorf tüpleri tekrar tartıldı. Bu iki ölçüm arasındaki fark hesaplandı. Veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi ve anlamlılık düzeyi p <0,05 olarak belirlendi. Bulgular: R, WO ile karşılaştırıldığında daha az debris taşmasına sebep oldu. R ve PTN eğeleri, OS eğelere göre anlamlı derecede daha az debris taşımına sebep oldu (p <0,05). RB ve WO gruplarında apikalden taşan debris miktarı anlamlı ölçüde farklı değildi ancak RB WOG ve OS'den daha az debris taşmasına sebep oldu (p <0.05). Sonuç: Bütün eğe sistemleri apikalden debris taşırmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Apikal taşma, Endodonti, Ni-Ti sistemler

The role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha -308 G/A and transforming growth factor-beta 1 -915 G/C polymorphisms in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Objective: To increase our understanding of the etiology of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) some cytokine gene polymorphisms were analyzed for susceptibility to the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) -308 G/A and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) –915 G/C polymorphisms in the development and clinical progression of childhood ITP.Materials and Methods: In all, 50 pediatric patients with ITP (25 with acute ITP and 25 with chronic ITP) and 48 healthy controls were investigated via LightCycler® PCR analysis for TNF-α -308 G/A and TGF-β1 -915 G/C polymorphisms.Results: The frequency of TNF-α -308 G/A polymorphism was 20%, 16%, and 22.9% in the acute ITP patients, chronic ITP patients, and controls, respectively (p>0.05). The frequency of TGF-β1 -915 G/C polymorphism was 16%, 8%, and 8.3% in the acute ITP patients, chronic ITP patients, and controls, respectively (p>0.05). The risk of developing ITP and clinical progression were not associated with TNF-α -308 G/A (OR: 0.738, 95% CI: 0.275-1.981, and OR: 0.762, 95% CI: 0.179-3.249) or TGF-β1 -915 G/C (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 0.396-5.685, and OR: 0.457, 95% CI: 0.076-2.755) polymorphisms. Conclusion: The frequency of TNF-α -308 G/A and TGF-β1 -915 G/C polymorphisms did not differ between pediatric ITP patients and healthy controls, and these polymorphisms were not associated with susceptibility to the development and clinical progression of the disease

The role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha -308 G/A and transforming growth factor-beta 1 -915 G/C polymorphisms in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Abstract Objective: To increase our understanding of the etiology of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) some cytokine gene polymorphisms were analyzed for susceptibility to the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) -308 G/A and transforming growth factor-beta

Green Coating Polymers in Meat Preservation

Edible coatings, including green polymers are used frequently in the food industry to improve and preserve the quality of foods. Green polymers are defined as biodegradable polymers from biomass resources or synthetic routes and microbial origin that are formed by mono-or mul-tilayer structures. They are used to improve the technological properties without compromising the food quality, even with the purpose of inhibiting lipid oxidation or reducing metmyoglobin for-mation in fresh meat, thereby contributing to the final sensory attributes of the food and meat prod-ucts. Green polymers can also serve as nutrient-delivery carriers in meat and meat products. This review focuses on various types of bio-based biodegradable polymers and their preparation techniques and applications in meat preservation as a part of active and smart packaging. It also outlines the impact of biodegradable polymer films or coatings reinforced with fillers, either natural or syn-thesized, via the green route in enhancing the physicochemical, mechanical, antimicrobial, and an-tioxidant properties for extending shelf-life. The interaction of the package with meat contact sur-faces and the advanced polymer composite sensors for meat toxicity detection are further consid-ered and discussed. In addition, this review addresses the research gaps and challenges of the current packaging systems, including coatings where green polymers are used. Coatings from renewable resources are seen as an emerging technology that is worthy of further investigation toward sustainable packaging of food and meat products

Assessment of the requisites of microbiology based infectious disease training under the pressure of consultation needs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Training of infectious disease (ID) specialists is structured on classical clinical microbiology training in Turkey and ID specialists work as clinical microbiologists at the same time. Hence, this study aimed to determine the clinical skills and knowledge required by clinical microbiologists.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional study was carried out between June 1, 2010 and September 15, 2010 in 32 ID departments in Turkey. Only patients hospitalized and followed up in the ID departments between January-June 2010 who required consultation with other disciplines were included.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 605 patients undergoing 1343 consultations were included, with pulmonology, neurology, cardiology, gastroenterology, nephrology, dermatology, haematology, and endocrinology being the most frequent consultation specialties. The consultation patterns were quite similar and were not affected by either the nature of infections or the critical clinical status of ID patients.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results of our study show that certain internal medicine subdisciplines such as pulmonology, neurology and dermatology appear to be the principal clinical requisites in the training of ID specialists, rather than internal medicine as a whole.</p

Yedinci ve onuncu sınıf öğrencilerinin kendilerini değerlendirmesiyle bulunan çoklu zeka boyutları ve fen veya fizik başarıları arasındaki ilişkiler.

This study aimed to explore the self-estimated intelligence dimensions of seventh and tenth grade students, and the effect of grade level, gender, age, socio economic status (SES), physics/science achievement, and branch in school (science-math/literature-math/social sciences-literature) on these dimensions. In this study a Multiple Intelligence Inventory was used as measuring instrument. The study was conducted in randomly selected 26 elementary and 7 high schools throughout Çankaya, Keçiören and Yenimahalle districts of Ankara with a total of 3721 seventh and tenth grade students in fall 2003-2004 semester. The data obtained from the administration of the measuring instrument were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and bivariate correlations. Results indicated that most dominant intelligence of seventh, tenth, and all students was the interpersonal intelligence according to their self-perceptions. Results of the statistical analyses indicated that grade level of students had a significant effect on their self-estimated intelligence dimensions. Strengths and weakness of the students vary according to their grade level. Also, significant differences found in female and male students̕ self-estimated intelligence dimensions for both two different grade levels, and tenth grade students coming from three different branches. Bivariate correlations revealed low positive correlations between science achievement and interpersonal intelligenceM.S. - Master of Scienc

Bir modelleme çalışması : ilköğretim öğrencilerinin epistemolojik inançları, öğrenme ortamları ile ilgili algıları, öğrenme yaklaşımları ve fen başarıları arasındaki ilişkileri

This study is aimed to explore the relationships among elementary students’ epistemological beliefs of science, perceptions of learning environments, learning approaches and science achievement. For this purpose, a model of the associations among these variables was proposed and tested by structural equation modeling. In this model, it was hypothesized that a) students’ perceptions of their learning environments would directly influence their epistemological beliefs of science and learning approaches, b) students’ epistemological beliefs of science would directly influence their learning approaches and science achievement, c) students’ learning approaches would directly influence their science achievement. A total of 2702 students from 139 public elementary schools from İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir, Diyarbakır, Van, Antalya, Afyon, Eskişehir, and Samsun were administered three instruments to assess their epistemological beliefs of science, perceptions of learning environments, and learning approaches. Students’ previous year final report card grades were used as the indicator of their science achievement. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to determine the structure of students’ epistemological beliefs of science, perceptions of learning environments, and learning approaches. Although multidimensionality of epistemological beliefs of science was supported, a different factor structure was obtained for Turkish elementary school students compared to the theoretically proposed structure for the instrument. The results of the structural equation modeling generally supported the proposed hypotheses. The final model obtained in the study revealed that students’ perceptions of the classroom environments directly predicted students’ epistemological beliefs and learning approaches. Students’ epistemological beliefs predicted their learning approaches and science achievement, and students’ learning approaches influenced their science achievement.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra