Approaching the children with feeding problems

Çocukluk döneminde sık görülen yeme problemleri sağlıklı çocuklarda %25- 45 oranında görülürken, gelişim geriliği olan çocuklarda bu oran %80’e kadar çıkmaktadır. Sağlıklı çocuklarda yapılan çalışmalarda ebeveynlerin %20-60’ının çocuklarının yeteri kadar yemediğini düşündükleri belirtilmiştir. Yoğun tıbbi ve davranışçı tedavi gerektiren ciddi yeme bozuklukları çocukların %3-10’unda görülmektedir. Bu gözden geçirme yazısında yeme problemi ile getirilen çocuğun değerlendirilme ve izlenme süreçlerinden bahsedilmiştir.Feeding problems in childhood are common, occurring in 25-45% of healthy children and the ratio can be increased up to 80% in children with growth deficiency. Studies with healthy children reported that 20-60% of parents think that their children don’t eat enough. Serious eating disorders which requires intensive medical and behaviour treatment is seen in 3-10% of children. In this review, approach and follow up of a child who was brought to the hospital with feeding problems was studied

Parents’ Attitudes toward Childhood Vaccines and COVID-19 Vaccines in a Turkish Pediatric Outpatient Population

Vaccination hesitancy (VH) is an important public health issue. The determinants of parental decisions on whether to vaccinate their children are multidimensional and need to be carefully considered in the COVID-19 era. Our study aims to investigate the prevalence of VH among parents, parents’ use of social media, and their attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine upon vaccine refusal. Materials and methods: Our participants were the parents of children admitted to hospitals in three different cities in Turkey between September 2021 and December 2021. The parents were asked to complete sociodemographic data and their attitudes toward COVID-19 diseases, the Parental Attitudes Toward Childhood Vaccines (PACV) scale, and the Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccine (ATV-COVID-19) scale. Participants were categorized as “non-hesitant”, with a score of <50, and “hesitant”, with a score of ≥50. Results: A total of 1087 parents with a mean age of 33.66 (SD 9.1) years old participated in the study. VH was noted in 102 (9.38%) parents. Age, gender, education, and income levels did not significantly differ from one another, according to the PACV; however, parents who delayed vaccinating their children and indicated that social media had an impact on vaccination decisions were more hesitant. Parents who were male and had a family member diagnosed with COVID-19 showed more positive attitudes in the ATV-COVID-19. Parents who were hesitant about childhood vaccinations had lower positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine (2.84 ± 0.97) than parents who were not hesitant (3.77 ± 0.9). A total of 761 (70.14%) parents need more information about childhood immunizations. Conclusion: Parents who are hesitant about childhood immunization programs in Turkey have a less positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines and are affected by social media. Parents need information about vaccines, and because the controversy surrounding COVID-19 vaccines can diminish parents’ confidence in routine childhood immunizations, understanding the complex causes behind vaccination hesitancy can help public health policy break through barriers and increase immunization rates

Determination of intestinal enzyme activities during infancy period

Giriş: Barsak enzim aktiviteleri barsak florasında yaşayan bakterilerin varlığını ve metabolik aktivitelerini yansıtan dolaylı belirteçlerdir. Çalışmanın amacı, dışkıda beta (β)-glukuronidaz, β-glukozidaz ve üreaz enzimlerinin aktivite düzeylerini 6 haftalık ve 8 aylık bebeklerde ölçmek ve düzeyleri etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 100 sağlıklı 6 haftalık bebekler dahil edildi. Tüm bebeklerden dışkı örneği alındı. Dışkı örneklerinin 17’si partikülsüz olduğu için değerlendirme dışı bırakıldı. Çalışmaya dahil edilen bebeklerin 35’inden 8. ayda ikinci dışkı örneği alındı. Bebeklerin 25’inin hem 6 haftalık hem de 8 aylık dışkı örnekleri vardı. Alınan dışkı örneklerinde üreaz, β-glukuronidaz ve β-glukozidaz enzim aktiviteleri (nmol/dk-1/mg-protein-1) ölçüldü. Bulgular: Tekrarlanan ölçümlerde üreaz ve β-glukuronidaz düzeyleri zaman içinde azalırken, β-glukozidaz düzeyleri artmaktaydı. Prematüre doğan bebeklerin 8. ay β-glukuronidaz enzim aktivitesi daha yüksekti. Anne sütünü ilk 1 saatte almaya başlayan ve biberon kullanan bebeklerde altıncı haftadaki üreaz aktivitesi daha düşüktü. Sadece anne sütü alma durumu barsak enzim aktivitesini etkilemedi. Sonuç: İntestinal enzim aktiviteleri süt çocukluğu döneminde yapılanma aşamasında olan mikrofloranın fonksiyonelliğini dolaylı olarak göstermesi açısından önemlidir. Bununla birlikte enzim aktivitelerinin yaşa bağlı olarak değişkenlik göstermesi nedeniyle düzeyini etkileyen faktörlerin tanımlanması güçleşmektedir.Introduction: Intestinal enzyme activities are indirect indicators that reflect the existence and metabolic activity of bacteria living in the intestinal flora. The purpose of the study was to measure fecal beta (β)-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase and urease enzyme activities and to determine the factors that affect levels in 6 week old and 8 month old babies. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 100 healthy infants at 6 weeks of age. Feces samples were collected from all infants. However, 17 of the feces samples were not included due to the lack of particles in the feces. The same samples were also taken from 35 infants at 8 months of age. Twenty-five of the infants had given feces samples at both 6 weeks and 8 months of age. Urease, β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase enzyme activities (nmol/min-1/mg-protein-1) were measured. Results: In repeated measures, the levels of β-glucuronidase and urease declined over time and β-glucosidase levels increased. At 8 months of age, higher β-glucuronidase levels were obtained in premature infants. At 6 weeks of age, lower levels of urease were measured in babies who were started breastfeeding at the first hour of life and were bottle-fed. Exclusive breastfeeding had no influence on the intestinal enzyme activities. Conclusions: In early infancy period when microflora is structured, intestinal enzyme activities are important that show indirectly functionality of the microflora. However, it is difficult to highlight what affects the levels of intestinal enzymes because activities vary according to the age

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Objectives: The aim of this study was to define the epidemiological, clinical, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Shigella gastroenteritis cases occurring during the years 2003-2009 and to compare results with those of the years 1987-2002. Methods: A hospital-based study was conducted over a 22-year period. All 238 Shigella strains isolated between 2003 and 2009 were compared to 618 isolates from the period 1987-1994 and 218 Shigella strains isolated during 1995-2002 with regard to antimicrobial resistance patterns and patient clinical characteristics. Results: The predominant species during all periods was Shigella sonnei, with an increasing predominance across the periods (64.0%, 71.5%, and 87.8%, respectively; p < 0.001). Neither the prevalence of bloody diarrhea nor other clinical characteristics changed across the study periods, except for the prevalence of dehydration, which increased (11.0%, 20.6%, and 28.6%, respectively; p < 0.001). During the period 2003-2009, 69.9% of Shigella were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 35.8% to ampicillin, and 4.7% to nalidixic acid. No case resistant to ciprofloxacin was detected. Multidrug resistance was also found to be similar in the last two periods (24.0% vs. 28.1%, respectively). Conclusions: There was both a microbiological and a clinical change in childhood Shigella gastroenteritis cases over the 22 years. The antibiotic resistance pattern appears to have remained stable over the last two periods. There is a need to re-examine the criteria and clinical management guidelines for suspected shigellosis cases. (C) 2011 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.WoSScopu