Etiology of Urolithiasis in Children

Background and Aim: Urinary stones are a common problem among children that causespain, dysuria, and other complications, including urinary tract obstruction and infection.The prevalence of urinary stones in children has been increasing in recent decades.Since the causes of urolithiasis in children differ in various geographical regions, withdiverse ethnic backgrounds and popular nutritional habits changing over time, wedesigned this study to update the identifiable etiologies of urinary stones in childrenyounger than 14 years in Northwest Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 144 children with urinary stoneswho were referred to Tabriz Children’s Hospital, Tabriz City, Iran, from March 2018to September 2020. To determine the main causes of urolithiasis, such as metabolicdisorders, urinary tract infections, and anatomical abnormalities, several variables,including age, sex, and results of ultrasound examination, urine analysis and biochemicaltests, urine culture, and blood gas analysis, were collected, analyzed, and interpreted.Results: In this study, 90 boys and 54 girls with an average age of 11.75 (ranged:1-160) months were included. The most common causes of urolithiasis were metabolicor biochemical disorders in 67 cases (46.5%), mainly hypercalciuria followed byhyperoxaluria, anatomical abnormalities in 10 children (7%), and urinary tractinfections in 3 patients (2.1%). Dehydration leading to excessive urine concentrationin 87 children (60.4%) was the most common condition associated with urolithiasis inthe studied children.Conclusion: Regarding the high prevalence of metabolic disorders, especiallyhypercalciuria in children with urolithiasis, these disorders should be considered forpreventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic measures

A randomized follow-up study of the general health and quality of life of an elderly edentulous population wearing either mandibular two-implant overdentures or conventional dentures

L’augmentation de la population âgée dans la société indique que les systèmes de soins de la santé font face à de nouveaux défis. Les hauts niveaux d’incapacité qui en résultent peuvent être réduits par les nouvelles technologies, la promotion de la santé ainsi que des stratégies de prévention. Les écrits scientifiques récents soulignent la supériorité des prothèses dentaires implanto-portées par rapport aux prothèses conventionnelles en termes de satisfaction et de qualité de la vie des patients. Cependant, il n'est toujours pas clair si ces avantages ont des effets positifs à long terme sur la santé orale et générale ainsi que sur la qualité de vie des populations âgées. Objectifs, Hypothèses : Notre but était de mesurer l’impact des prothèses mandibulaires retenues par 2 implants sur la qualité de vie associée à la santé bucco-dentaire et générale ainsi que sur la santé orale et la qualité du sommeil des aînés édentés. Nous avons évalué les hypothèses nulles suivantes : il n'y a aucune différence entre les individus portants des prothèses mandibulaires retenues par 2 implants (IODs) et ceux qui portent des prothèses conventionnelles (CDs), par rapport à la qualité de vie reliée à la santé bucco-dentaire et générale, la santé orale et la qualité du sommeil, un an après avoir reçu leurs nouvelles prothèses. Méthodes : Dans cette étude randomisée contrôlée, 255 aînés ont reçu au hasard IODs ou les CDs, les deux types de prothèses étant opposés à des prothèses maxillaires conventionnelles. La qualité de la vie reliée à la santé bucco-dentaire (OHRQoL) et la santé générale subjective ont été mesurées avec les questionnaires Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-20) et Short Form-36 (SF-36) en condition pré-traitement et après un an. La qualité du sommeil et la somnolence diurne ont été mesurées à l’aide du questionnaire Qualité de Sommeil de Pittsburg et de l'Échelle de Somnolence Epworth. La santé orale a été évaluée par un examen clinique. Les variables indépendantes étaient le sens de cohérence et le type de prosthèse, ainsi que des variables socio-démographiques. En utilisant des analyses statistiques bi et multi-factorielles, des comparaisons à l’intérieur d’un même groupe et entre deux groupes ont été effectuées. Résultats : Les différences pré et post traitement pour les cotes OHIP étaient significativement plus grandes pour le groupe IOD que le groupe CD (p 0.05). Les aînés porteurs des prothèses conventionnelles avaient presque 5 fois plus de chance d’avoir une stomatite prothétique que ceux portant des prothèses mandibulaires hybrides retenues par 2 implants (p < 0.0001). Les aînés ayant subjectivement une mauvaise santé générale avaient une qualité de sommeil moins bonne que ceux avec une meilleure santé générale subjective (p < 0.05). Les personnes qui avaient une OHRQoL moins bonne étaient presque 4 fois plus somnolentes pendant le jour que celles avec une meilleure OHRQoL (p=0.003, χ2; OR =3.8 CI 1.5 to 9.8). L'analyse de régression a montré que la santé générale subjective et OHRQoL prévoient la qualité du sommeil (p=0.022 et p=0.001, respectivement) et la somnolence diurne (p=0.017 et p=0.005, respectivement). Conclusions: Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que, chez les aînés édentés, des prothèses mandibulaires hybrides retenues par deux implants amènent une amélioration significative de la qualité de vie reliée à la santé bucco-dentaire et maintiennent la sensation d’une meilleure santé physique. Des prothèses hybrides implanto-portées peuvent contribuer à la santé orale en réduisant les traumatismes infligés à la muqueuse orale et en contrôlant la stomatite prothétique. Les aînés édentés dont le niveau de qualité de vie reliée à la santé bucco-dentaire est bas, peuvent aussi avoir des troubles de qualité du sommeil.The global greying of society indicates that health care systems face new challenges. High levels of disability can be reduced through new technologies, health promotion and preventive strategies. Recent literature has underlined the superiority of mandibular implant overdentures over conventional dentures for patient satisfaction and quality of life. However, it is still not clear whether this benefit has any long-term positive effects on oral and general health, as well as on the quality of life of elderly populations. Objectives, Hypotheses: We aimed to measure the impact of mandibular two-implant overdentures on the general and oral health quality of life, as well as on oral health and sleep quality of edentulous elders. We tested the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the general and oral health quality of life, as well as, on oral health and sleep quality of those wearing mandibular two-implant overdentures (IODs) and those who wear conventional dentures (CDs), one year following prosthesis delivery. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 255 elders randomly received IODs or CDs, both opposed by conventional maxillary dentures. OHRQoL and perceived general health were measured with the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-20) and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) at baseline and after one year. Sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were measured with the Pittsburg Sleep Quality global score and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Clinical exams were conducted to evaluate oral health. Independent variables included sense of coherence and prosthesis type, as well as socio-demographic variables. Between and within group comparisons were performed using bivariate and multivariate statistical tests. Results: Pre/post treatment differences in OHIP scores were significantly greater for the IOD than the CD group (p 0.05). Elders wearing conventional dentures were almost 5 times more likely to have denture stomatitis than those wearing mandibular two-implant retained overdentures (p < 0.0001). Elders with low perceived general health had poorer sleep than those with high perceived general health (p<0.05). Those with low oral health related quality of life were almost 4 times sleepier during the day than those with high OHRQoL (p=0.003, χ2; OR =3.8 CI 1.5 to 9.8). Regression analysis showed that perceived general health and OHRQoL predict sleep quality (p=0.022 and p=0.001, respectively) and daytime sleepiness (p=0.017 and p=0.005, respectively). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that, in edentulous elders, mandibular two-implant overdentures provide significant improvement in oral health related quality of life and maintain perceived physical health. Implant overdentures may contribute to oral health by reducing oral mucosa trauma and control denture stomatitis. Edentulous elders whose oral health related quality of life is low may also have poor sleep quality

Accommodating Complex Chained Prepositional Phrases in Natural Language Query Interface to an Event-Based Triplestore

Building Natural language query interfaces (NLI) to databases is one the most interesting and challenging fields of study for computer scientists and researchers. There have been many advancements and achievements in this area that enables NLIs to operate more efficiently and have wide NL coverage. However, there exists some shortcomings in query interface to semantic web triplestores. Some researchers have attempted to extend the range of queries that can be answered. However, only a few techniques can handle queries containing complex chained prepositional phrases. This thesis involves extending an existing method that can accommodate prepositional phrases to also be able to handle when..., where..., and with what... type queries. The approach developed is implemented in the Miranda programing environment

Relation entre la commutation phénotypique de Candida albicans et la stomatite prothétique

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

Methylprednisolone vs Dexamethasone in Management of COPD Exacerbation; a Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Corticosteroids are routinely used in management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation. The main purpose of present study was to compare the efficacy of methyl prednisolone (MP) and dexamethasone (DXM) for this purpose.Methods: Adult COPD patients entered the present clinical trial. All patients received standard treatment on admission and were then divided into 2 groups of intravenous MP and DXM. Patients were asked to rate their shortness of breath; sputum volume and viscosity; dyspnea; cough; and general wellbeing on a 0-5 scale. Baseline parameters such as O2 saturation, arterial blood gas parameters, and white blood cell (WBC) count were compared on admission and day 7 and 14 of therapy using SPSS 22.Results: 68 patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups of 34 (82.4% male). The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar (p &lt; 0.05). Comparison of treatment outcomes for the 7th day showed a significant difference between the 2 groups only regarding cough (p = 0.047), HCO3 (p &lt; 0.001), and O2 saturation (p = 0.042). On day 14 the 2 groups were different only regarding cough (p = 0.048) and sputum viscosity (p = 0.011). There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding trend of changes in dyspnea (p = 0.02; DXM &gt;&gt; MP) and cough (p = 0.035; MP &gt;&gt; DXM). There were no significant differences between the two medications regarding side effects on 7th and 14th day after treatment.Conclusion: It seems that MP and DXM have similar efficacy and side effects in treatment of COPD exacerbation and selecting drug of choice would better be based on the most prominent symptoms of patients on admission

Modified Concrete Ability for Removing Cadmium (2) From Wastewater

Cadmiumis found in high concentrations in industrial wastewater. In this study, using two adsorbent in concrete has been discussed. The solutions of iron nanoparticle as the first absorbent have been used in amounts of 20, 30 and 40 mg/l. The rice husk as the second adsorbent was converted to rice husk ash in 500 to 650°C. The rice husk ash mixed to 40% by weight of cement in the concrete structure. Samples, with nanoparticle, with rice husk, and combination nanoparticles and rice husk, were constructed. The samples under the different conditions such as pH, contact time, concentration of absorbent and cadmium concentrations in solution were examined. The maximum absorption 97.5% could be occurred in optimum contact time 6 hours, absorbent concentration 40 mg/l, the optimum pH 3 and wastewater concentration 10 ppm. To remove cadmium, modified concrete can be suggested as new and efficient method

Detection of Fusobacterium nucleatum in feces and colorectal mucosa as a risk factor for colorectal cancer : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests a potentially important role of colorectal infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinogenesis. We conducted a systematic review, including both a qualitative synthesis and a metaanalysis, to synthesize the evidence from the epidemiological literature on the association between F. nucleatum detection in the colon/rectum and CRC. Methods: A systematic literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(R), Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, EBM Reviews—Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and CINAHL Plus with Full Text was conducted using earliest inclusive dates up to 4 October 2020. Eligible studies were original, comparative observational studies that reported results on colorectal F. nucleatum detection and CRC. Two independent reviewers extracted the relevant information. Odds ratio (OR) estimates were pooled across studies using the random effects model. NewcastleOttawa scale was used to critically appraise study quality. Results: Twenty-four studies were included in the systematic review, of which 12 were included in the metaanalysis. Studies investigated F. nucleatum in feces, colorectal tissue samples, or both. In most studies included in the systematic review, the load of F. nucleatum was higher, on average, in specimens from CRC patients than in those from CRC-free controls. Meta-analysis showed a positive association between F. nucleatum detection in colorectal specimens and CRC (OR = 8.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.2 to 13.0). Conclusions: The results of this systematic review suggest that F. nucleatum in the colon/rectum is associated with CRC