78 research outputs found
Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria isolated from the leaves of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Prevalência de infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde em pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva
Objective: To determine the prevalence of Infection Related to Health Care (IRHC) in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).Method: Descriptive, retrospective study, with a quantitative approach. Data were collected through a form completed from infection notifications, followed by analysis of the results of microbiological tests available on the MV 2000i system.Results: The patients admitted to the ICU were female, elder and came from other inpatient units of the institution. The prevalence rate of infection was 5.3% confirmed by positive culture, and the respiratory system was the most frequent site of infection (42.5%). Most isolates were gram-negative pathogens (71.05%), highlighting the Acinetobacter sp. The antibiogram showed that Klebsiella sp. was resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. Regarding Pseudomonas sp., 50% were resistant to imipenem, cefepime and ciprofloxacin. All Acinetobacteres were resistant to ceftazidime, followed by ceftriaxone and cefepime.Conclusion: The prevalence of IRHCs in critically ill patients represents a huge challenge, not only for professionals, but also for health managers and the whole society, justifying the need and relevance of actions aimed at prevention and control.Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de infección relacionada con la atención sanitaria (IRAS) en los pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI).Método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, con un enfoque cuantitativo. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un formulario lleno de notificaciones de infección, seguido por el análisis de los resultados de las pruebas microbiológicas disponibles en el sistema 2000i MV.Resultados: Los pacientes ingresados en la UCI fueron las mujeres, los ancianos y los procedentes de otras unidades de hospitalización de la institución. La tasa de prevalencia de la infección fue del 5,3% confirmada por cultivo positivo, y el sistema respiratorio el lugar más frecuente de infección (42,5%). La mayoría de los patógenos aislados fueron gramnegativos (71,05%), destacando el Acinetobacter sp. El antibiograma mostró que Klebsiella sp. era resistente a la ampicilina y amoxicilina más ácido clavulánico. La Pseudomonas sp. 50% mostró resistencia a imipenem, cefepima y ciprofloxacina. Todos los Acinetobacteres eran resistentes a la ceftazidima, ceftriaxona y seguido de cefepima.Conclusión: La prevalencia de infecciones hospitalarias en pacientes críticamente enfermos se configura en un reto, no sólo para los profesionales, sino para los gerentes de salud y toda la sociedad, lo que justifica la necesidad y pertinencia de las acciones dirigidas a la prevención y control.Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de Infecção Relacionada à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS) em pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI).Método: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um formulário preenchido a partir das notificações de infecção, seguido de análise dos resultados de exames microbiológicos disponíveis no sistema MV 2000i.Resultados: Os pacientes admitidos na UTI eram do sexo feminino, idosos e procedentes de outras unidades de internamento da instituição. A taxa de prevalência de infecção foi de 5,3% confirmada por cultura positiva, sendo o sistema respiratório o sítio de infecção mais frequente (42,5%). A maioria dos patógenos isolados eram gram-negativos (71,05%), com destaque para o Acinetobacter sp. O antibiograma evidenciou que a Klebsiella sp. era resistente a ampicilina e amoxicilina mais ácido clavulânico. Quanto a Pseudomonas sp. 50% apresentou resistência a imipenem, cefepime e ciprofloxacino. Todos os Acinetobacteres foram resistentes a ceftazidima, seguido por ceftriaxona e cefepime.Conclusão: A prevalência das IRAS em pacientes críticos se configura em um desafio, não apenas aos profissionais, mas, aos gestores de saúde e a toda sociedade, justificando a necessidade e a relevância de ações voltadas à prevenção e controle
Epidemiological features, echocardiographic findings, and parasite load in patients with Chagas disease
INTRODUCTION Chagas disease is a major public health problem that is endemic in Brazil and Latin America. This study aimed to determine the socioeconomic, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 171 patients (mean age, 45 years; female, 65%) with Chagas disease at Hospital Universitário de Brasília, Federal District, Brazil. METHODS We implemented this cross-sectional study using a clinical epidemiological questionnaire, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and quantitative detection of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in blood using qRT-PCR. RESULTS Among the patients, 26.3% had a full elementary education, and 13.2% were illiterate. Most (63.6%) were economically classified as class C, and 51.5% were born in Bahia state. A total of 62.0% participants reported previous contact with the triatomine bug. The clinical forms of the disease were indeterminate (69.51%), cardiac (15.24%), digestive (10.37%), and mixed (4.88%). The most common electrocardiographic abnormality was complete right bundle branch block in association with a divisional anterosuperior block. Only 14.6% of the patients complied with benznidazole medication for at least 60 days, and 164 of them were assessed by echocardiography. The parasite load was positive in 56% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Chagas disease affected mostly women, with the indeterminate chronic form of the disease
Genetic diversity of indigenous common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) rhizobia from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Characterization of beta-thalassemia mutations in patients from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
35 unrelated individuals were studied for characterization as either heterozygous or homozygous for beta-thalassemia. Molecular analysis was done by PCR/RFLP to detect the mutations most commonly associated with beta-thalassemia (β0IVS-I-1, β+IVS-I-6, and β039). In the patients who showed none of these mutations, the beta-globin genes were sequenced. Of the 31 heterozygous patients, 13 (41.9%) had the β+IVS-I-6 mutation, 15 (48.4%) the β0IVS-I-1 mutation, 2 (6.5%) the β+IVS-I-110 mutation and 1 (3.2%) the β+IVS-I-5 mutation. IVS-I-6 was detected in the four homozygotes. The mutation in codon 39, often found in previous studies in Brazil, was not detected in the present case. This is the first study aiming at identifying mutations that determine beta-thalassemia in the state of Rio Grande do Norte.425428Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq
Isolation of recombinant strains with enhanced pectinase production by protoplast fusion between Penicillium expansum and Penicillium griseoroseum
ATIVAÇÃO in vitro DO SISTEMA COMPLEMENTO COMO MECANISMO IMUNOMODULADOR INDUZIDO PELO MESOCARPO DE BABAÇU
O babaçu (Orbignya phalerata Mart), palmeira que representa o mais importante produto do extrativismo vegetal do Maranhão, produz um fruto, côco babaçu, composto predominantemente por carboidratos e que apresenta efeitos imunomodulatórios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verifcar o potencial imunomodulador do mesocarpo de babaçu por ativação do sistema complemento. Foi utilizado o extrato aquoso de mesocarpo de babaçu, na concentração de 40 mg/mL e fltrado após 24 horas. A dosagem de proteínas foi realizada pelo método colorimétrico de Bradford. No ensaio hemaglutinante, usou-se um lavado de hemácias 1% tratadas por uma hora com extrato nas concentrações de 1,25, 2,5, 5, 10, 20 e 40mg/mL, em triplicata, tendo como controle a suspensão de hemácias com tampão salina fosfato. A aglutinação foi verifcada macro e microscopicamente, com a contagem de rosetas. O ensaio de hemólise foi feito usando o lavado de hemácias tratadas ou não com extrato na concentração de 40mg/mL, incubado por duas horas com soro normal ou inativado a 56°C, para verifcar desnaturação protéica. A concentração de hemoglobina no sobrenadante da cultura representou a atividade hemolisante. Nossos resultados mostraram que ensaio de hemaglutinação não apresentou diferença macroscópica entre os grupos. Microscópicamente, a presença de rosetas seguiu um padrão dose-dependente, sugerindo a presença de lectina no extrato, entretanto a dosagem de proteínas apresentou concentrações baixas. No ensaio de hemólise, a concentração de hemoglobina foi maior na cultura de hemácias tratadas com extrato que o controle. Para confrmar a ação das proteinas do complemento, as hemácias tratadas com extrato foram incubadas com soro inativado, sendo verifcada uma redução da hemólise, se igualando ao controle. Os resultados mostram que o efeito imunomodulador do mesocapo de babaçu apresenta a participação do sistema complemento, possivelmente através da via das lectinas.Descritores: Mesocarpo de babaçu. Imunomodulação. Sistema Complemento; Lectinas. Carboidrato. AbstractEvaluation of complement system activation in vitro as an immunomodulation mechanism induced by babassu mesocarp. Babassu (Orbignya phalerata Mart.), palm tree that represents the most important product extractive industry of Maranhão, produces a fruit, babassu coconut, composed mainly for carbohydrates and has immunomodulatory effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the immunomodulatory potencial of babassu mesocarp by activation of the complement system. We used the aqueous extract of babassu mesocarp concentration of 40 mg/mL and fltered after 24 hours. The measure protein concentration was performed by the colorimetric method of Bradford. In the hemagglutination assay was used a suspension of erythrocytes 1% treated or not for one hour with extract concentrations 1,25, 2,5, 5, 10, 20 e 40mg/mL in triplicate, using the suspension of erythrocytes in phosphate buffered saline as control. Agglutination was observed macroscopically and microscopically by counting rosettes. The hemolysis assay was performed using the suspension of erythrocytes treated or not with extract concentration 40 mg/mL, incubated for two hours with normal serum or inactivated at 56º to check protein denaturation. Hemoglobin concentration in the in the culture supernatant represented hemolyzing activity. Our results showed that hemagglutination assay showed no macroscopic difference between the groups. Microscopically, the presence of rosettes followed a dose-dependent, suggesting the presence of lectin in the extract, however measure protein showed low concentrations. In hemolysis assay, the concentration of hemoglobin was higher in culture of erythrocytes treated with extract than the control. To confrm the action of complement proteins, erythrocytes treated with extract were incubated with inactivated serum, being observed a reduction of hemolysis similar to control. The results show that the immunomodulatory effect of babassu mesocarp shows the participation of the complement system, possibly by way of lectins.Descriptors: Babassu Mesocarp. Immunomodulation. Complement System. Lectins. Carbohydrate
Partial purification and characterization of xylanase produced by Penicillium expansum
Determination of βS haplotypes in patients with sickle-cell anemia in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
βS haplotypes were studied in 47 non-related patients with sickle-cell anemia from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Molecular analysis was conducted by PCR/RFLP using restriction endonucleases XmnI, HindIII, HincII and HinfI to analyze six polymorphic sites from the beta cluster. Twenty-seven patients (57.5%) were identified with genotype CAR/CAR, 9 (19.1%) CAR/BEN, 6 (12.8%) CAR/CAM, 1 (2.1%) BEN/BEN, 2 (4.3%) CAR/Atp, 1 (2.1%) BEN/Atp and 1 (2.1%) with genotype Atp/Atp. The greater frequency of Cameroon haplotypes compared to other Brazilian states suggests the existence of a peculiarity of African origin in the state of Rio Grande do Norte
Characterization of beta-thalassemia mutations in patients from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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