Innovative approaches applied to identify autoantigens in auto and alloimmune hepatitis.

L’hépatite allo-immune post-greffe de moelle osseuse (GMO) est très mal définie. Le premier objectif de notre thèse était d’identifier, par analyse sérologique du protéome, les antigènes (Ag) cibles d’auto-anticorps (Ac) présents dans le sérum de patients. Cinq patients, ayant reçu une GMO, ont développé des troubles hépatiques à l’arrêt du traitement immunosuppresseur, avec des signes histologiques ressemblant à ceux des hépatites auto-immunes (HAI). Avant et pendant l’épisode hépatique, des serums ont été testés sur des immunoblots réalisés avec des protéines nucléaires, cytosoliques, microsomiques et mitochondriales obtenues à partir d’homogénat de foie de rat, séparées par électrophorès bi-dimensionnelle et transférées sur membrane de nitro-cellulose. Après digestion trypsique, les protéines d’intérêt, marquées uniquement ou plus intensément par les sérums en phase d’hépatite, étaient identifiées par spectrométrie de masse MALDI-TOF/TOF et nanoHPLC LTQ-Orbitrap®. Un nombre total de 103 protéines antigéniques a été identifié, parmi lesquelles 12 sont reconnues par les sérums de 3 patients. A l’issue de cette première description immunologique des hépatites allo-imunes post-GMO, nous formulons des hypothèses physiopathologiques permettant d’expliquer l’évolution d’un mécanisme allo-immun vers une réaction auto-immune. En outre, nous recommandons la réduction très progressive des doses d’immunosuppresseur après GMO.La protéine hnRNP A2/B1 est une cible des anticorps anti-nucléaires (AAN) dans le lupus érythémateux disséminé (LED), la polyarthrite rhumatoïde (PR) et l’HAI. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, le but était de caractériser les interactions Ag-Ac en fonction de la pathologie, en utilisant la résonance plasmonique de surface par imagerie (SPRi). Trente-neuf peptides chevauchants de 17 acides aminés, couvrant l’ensemble de l’isoforme B1 de la protéine humaine, ont été immobilisés à la surface d’un prisme. Les interactions entre les peptides immobilisés et les sérums de 8 patients de chaque pathologie et de donneurs sains (D) ont été étudiées en temps réel. Les constantes de vitesse de dissociation koff, calculées pendant la phase de dissociation des complexes Ag-Ac formés, reflètent la stabilité de ces complexes.Plusieurs interactions significatives ont été observées : i) avec une stabilité élevée entre P55-70 et les sérums d’HAI par rapport aux contrôles (p= 0.003); ii) avec une faible stabilité entre P118-133 et P262-277 et les serums de LED, P145-160 et les sérums de PR par rapport aux serums D (p=0, 006; p=0,002; p=0,007). Le peptide P55-70 est donc un biomarqueur potentiel dans l’HAI. Les courbes d’interaction et les koff observés après la formation de complexes avec des anticorps anti-IgG et anti-IgM d’une part, et le traitement des sérums par des nucléases d’autre part, montrent que : i) les IgM sont majoritaires et ii) des acides nucléiques, présents ou non selon la maladie auto-immune, participent aux interactions entre les anti-hnRNP B1 et le peptide AA55-70 ainsi qu’entre les autres peptides et les sérums témoins, et contribuent à la stabilité des complexes Ag-Ac. Les résultats de nos travaux et les innovations technologiques en spectrométrie de masse et en SPR permettent d’envisager la mise au point de nouveaux tests pour le suivi des patients atteints d’hépatites auto et allo-immunes.Alloimmune hepatitis following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is poorly characterized. The first goal of this thesis was to identify antigens (Ag) targets of autoantibodies (auto-Ab) in sera from patients, using serological proteome analysis. Five patients who received an allogeneic BMT developed liver dysfunctions with histological features suggestive of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) after the withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy. Before and during the onset of hepatic dysfunction, sera were tested on immunoblots performed with cytosolic, microsomal, mitochondrial and nuclear proteins from rat liver homogenate, resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes. After tryptic digestion, antigenic targets were identified by two tandem mass spectrometry techniques: MALDI-TOF/TOF and nanoHPLC LTQ Orbitrap®. A total of 103 different proteins were identified. Twelve of them were recognized by sera from three patients. This is the first immunological description of hepatitis occurring after BMT, enabling a discussion of the mechanisms that transform an alloimmune reaction into an autoimmune response. Any decision to withdraw immunosuppression after allogeneic BMT should be made with caution and hepatic parameters monitored systematically.Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 is a target for antinuclear autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). In the second part of the thesis, the goal was to characterize Ag-Ab interactions as a function of pathology, using surface plasmon resonance imagery (SPRi). Sera from 8 patients from each pathology and healthy donors (D) were passed across a SPRi surface containing 39 overlapping peptides of 17 mers covering the human hnRNP B1. Interactions involving the immobilised peptides were followed in real time and dissociation rate constants koff for each interaction were calculated. koff values reflect the stability of the complex. Several significant interactions were observed: i) high stability (lower koff values) between P55-70 and the AIH sera compared to controls (p= 0.003); ii) lower stability (higher koff values) between P118-133 and P262-277 and SLE sera, P145-160 and RA sera compared to controls (p=0.006, p=0.002, p=0.007). These results indicate that P55-70 of hnRNP B1 is a potential biomarker for AIH in immunological tests.The binding curves and koff values observed after the formation of complexes with anti-IgM and anti-IgG antibodies and after nuclease treatment of the serum indicate that i) IgM isotypes are prevalent and ii) circulating nucleic acids, present or absent according to the autoimmune disorders, participate in the interaction between anti-hnRNP B1 and P55-70 and also between controls and the peptides studied and are involved in antigen-antibody stability. Results from our work as well as promising innovations in mass spectrometry and SPR technologies lead us to consider the development of new tests, usable in monitoring patients with auto and alloimmune liver diseases

Approches innovantes appliquées à l'identification des auto-antigènes dans les hépatites auto et allo-immunes

L hépatite allo-immune post-greffe de moelle osseuse (GMO) est très mal définie. Le premier objectif de notre thèse était d identifier, par analyse sérologique du protéome, les antigènes (Ag) cibles d auto-anticorps (Ac) présents dans le sérum de patients. Cinq patients, ayant reçu une GMO, ont développé des troubles hépatiques à l arrêt du traitement immunosuppresseur, avec des signes histologiques ressemblant à ceux des hépatites auto-immunes (HAI). Avant et pendant l épisode hépatique, des serums ont été testés sur des immunoblots réalisés avec des protéines nucléaires, cytosoliques, microsomiques et mitochondriales obtenues à partir d homogénat de foie de rat, séparées par électrophorès bi-dimensionnelle et transférées sur membrane de nitro-cellulose. Après digestion trypsique, les protéines d intérêt, marquées uniquement ou plus intensément par les sérums en phase d hépatite, étaient identifiées par spectrométrie de masse MALDI-TOF/TOF et nanoHPLC LTQ-Orbitrap®. Un nombre total de 103 protéines antigéniques a été identifié, parmi lesquelles 12 sont reconnues par les sérums de 3 patients. A l issue de cette première description immunologique des hépatites allo-imunes post-GMO, nous formulons des hypothèses physiopathologiques permettant d expliquer l évolution d un mécanisme allo-immun vers une réaction auto-immune. En outre, nous recommandons la réduction très progressive des doses d immunosuppresseur après GMO.La protéine hnRNP A2/B1 est une cible des anticorps anti-nucléaires (AAN) dans le lupus érythémateux disséminé (LED), la polyarthrite rhumatoïde (PR) et l HAI. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, le but était de caractériser les interactions Ag-Ac en fonction de la pathologie, en utilisant la résonance plasmonique de surface par imagerie (SPRi). Trente-neuf peptides chevauchants de 17 acides aminés, couvrant l ensemble de l isoforme B1 de la protéine humaine, ont été immobilisés à la surface d un prisme. Les interactions entre les peptides immobilisés et les sérums de 8 patients de chaque pathologie et de donneurs sains (D) ont été étudiées en temps réel. Les constantes de vitesse de dissociation koff, calculées pendant la phase de dissociation des complexes Ag-Ac formés, reflètent la stabilité de ces complexes.Plusieurs interactions significatives ont été observées : i) avec une stabilité élevée entre P55-70 et les sérums d HAI par rapport aux contrôles (p= 0.003); ii) avec une faible stabilité entre P118-133 et P262-277 et les serums de LED, P145-160 et les sérums de PR par rapport aux serums D (p=0, 006; p=0,002; p=0,007). Le peptide P55-70 est donc un biomarqueur potentiel dans l HAI. Les courbes d interaction et les koff observés après la formation de complexes avec des anticorps anti-IgG et anti-IgM d une part, et le traitement des sérums par des nucléases d autre part, montrent que : i) les IgM sont majoritaires et ii) des acides nucléiques, présents ou non selon la maladie auto-immune, participent aux interactions entre les anti-hnRNP B1 et le peptide AA55-70 ainsi qu entre les autres peptides et les sérums témoins, et contribuent à la stabilité des complexes Ag-Ac. Les résultats de nos travaux et les innovations technologiques en spectrométrie de masse et en SPR permettent d envisager la mise au point de nouveaux tests pour le suivi des patients atteints d hépatites auto et allo-immunes.Alloimmune hepatitis following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is poorly characterized. The first goal of this thesis was to identify antigens (Ag) targets of autoantibodies (auto-Ab) in sera from patients, using serological proteome analysis. Five patients who received an allogeneic BMT developed liver dysfunctions with histological features suggestive of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) after the withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy. Before and during the onset of hepatic dysfunction, sera were tested on immunoblots performed with cytosolic, microsomal, mitochondrial and nuclear proteins from rat liver homogenate, resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes. After tryptic digestion, antigenic targets were identified by two tandem mass spectrometry techniques: MALDI-TOF/TOF and nanoHPLC LTQ Orbitrap®. A total of 103 different proteins were identified. Twelve of them were recognized by sera from three patients. This is the first immunological description of hepatitis occurring after BMT, enabling a discussion of the mechanisms that transform an alloimmune reaction into an autoimmune response. Any decision to withdraw immunosuppression after allogeneic BMT should be made with caution and hepatic parameters monitored systematically.Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 is a target for antinuclear autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). In the second part of the thesis, the goal was to characterize Ag-Ab interactions as a function of pathology, using surface plasmon resonance imagery (SPRi). Sera from 8 patients from each pathology and healthy donors (D) were passed across a SPRi surface containing 39 overlapping peptides of 17 mers covering the human hnRNP B1. Interactions involving the immobilised peptides were followed in real time and dissociation rate constants koff for each interaction were calculated. koff values reflect the stability of the complex. Several significant interactions were observed: i) high stability (lower koff values) between P55-70 and the AIH sera compared to controls (p= 0.003); ii) lower stability (higher koff values) between P118-133 and P262-277 and SLE sera, P145-160 and RA sera compared to controls (p=0.006, p=0.002, p=0.007). These results indicate that P55-70 of hnRNP B1 is a potential biomarker for AIH in immunological tests.The binding curves and koff values observed after the formation of complexes with anti-IgM and anti-IgG antibodies and after nuclease treatment of the serum indicate that i) IgM isotypes are prevalent and ii) circulating nucleic acids, present or absent according to the autoimmune disorders, participate in the interaction between anti-hnRNP B1 and P55-70 and also between controls and the peptides studied and are involved in antigen-antibody stability. Results from our work as well as promising innovations in mass spectrometry and SPR technologies lead us to consider the development of new tests, usable in monitoring patients with auto and alloimmune liver diseases.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. électronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Autoantibody signatures defined by serological proteome analysis in sera from patients with cholangiocarcinoma.

International audienceThe challenging diagnosis and poor prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma require the determination of biomarkers. Autoantibodies could be used in the clinic as diagnostic markers for the early detection of tumours. By proteomic approaches, several autoantibodies were proposed as potential markers. We tried in this study, to perform a serological proteome analysis, using various antigenic substrates, including tumours and human liver. Sera from patients (n = 13) and healthy donors (n = 10) were probed on immunoblots performed using 2-dimensionally separated proteins from cholangiocarcinoma cell lines (CCLP1 and CCSW1), from the liver of healthy subject and interestingly, from tumour and adjacent non-tumour liver tissues from five patients with cholangiocarcinoma and tested with their corresponding serum. Spots of interest were identified using mass spectrometry and classified according gene ontology analysis. A comparison of the whole immunoblotting patterns given by cholangiocarcinoma sera against those obtained with normal control sera enabled the definition of 862 spots. Forty-five different proteins were further analysed, corresponding to (1) spots stained with more than four of 13 (30 %) sera tested with the CCLP1 or the CCSW1 cell line and with the normal liver, and (2) to spots immunoreactive with at least two of the five sera probed with their tumour and non-tumour counter-part of cholangiocarcinoma. Immunoreactive proteins with catalytic activity as molecular function were detected at rates of 93 and 64 % in liver from healthy subjects or cholangiocarcinoma non-tumour tissues respectively, compared to 43, 33, 33 % in tumour tissues, or CCSW1 and CCLP1 cell lines. A second pattern was represented by structural proteins with rates of 7 and 7 % in normal liver or non-tumour tissues compared to 14, 33 and 67 % in tumour tissue, CCSW1 or CCLP1 cell lines. Proteins with a binding function were detected at rates of 7 % in non-tumour tissue and 14 % in tumour tissue. Using the extracted tumour tissue, serotransferrin was targeted by all cholangiocarcinoma-related sera. Immunological patterns depended on the type of antigen substrate used; i.e. tumour versus non tumour specimens. Nevertheless, a combination of multiple autoantibodies tested with the most appropriate substrate might be more sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma

SPRi-Based Strategy to Identify Specific Biomarkers in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Autoimmune Hepatitis

International audienceBackground: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 is a target for antinuclear autoantibodies in systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).Aim: To monitor molecular interactions between peptides spanning the entire sequence of hnRNP A2/B1 and sera from patients and healthy controls.Methods: Sera from 8 patients from each pathology and controls were passed across a surface plasmon resonance Imagery (SPRi) surface containing 39 overlapping peptides of 17 mers covering the human hnRNP B1. Interactions involving the immobilised peptides were followed in real time and dissociation rate constants koff for each interaction were calculated.Results: Several significant interactions were observed: i) high stability (lower koff values) between P55-70 and the AIH sera compared to controls (p= 0.003); ii) lower stability (higher koff values) between P118-133 and P262-277 and SLE sera, P145-160 and RA sera compared to controls (p=0.006, p=0.002, p=0.007). The binding curves and koff values observed after the formation of complexes with anti-IgM and anti-IgG antibodies and after nuclease treatment of the serum indicate that i) IgM isotypes are prevalent and ii) nucleic acids participate in the interaction between anti-hnRNAP B1 and P55-70 and also between controls and the peptides studied.Conclusions: These results indicate that P55-70 of hnRNP B1 is a potential biomarker for AIH in immunological tests and suggest the role of circulating nucleic acids, (eg miRNA), present or absent according to the autoimmune disorders and involved in antigen-antibody stability

SPRi-Based Strategy to Identify Specific Biomarkers in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Autoimmune Hepatitis

International audienceBackground : Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 is a target for antinuclear autoantibodies in systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).Aim : To monitor molecular interactions between peptides spanning the entire sequence of hnRNP A2/B1 and serafrom patients and healthy controls.Methods : Sera from 8 patients from each pathology and controls were passed across a surface plasmon resonanceImagery (SPRi) surface containing 39 overlapping peptides of 17 mers covering the human hnRNP B1. Interactionsinvolving the immobilised peptides were followed in real time and dissociation rate constants koff for each interactionwere calculated.Results : Several significant interactions were observed: i) high stability (lower koff values) between P55-70 and the AIHsera compared to controls (p= 0.003); ii) lower stability (higher koff values) between P118-133 and P262-277 and SLE sera,P145-160 and RA sera compared to controls (p=0.006, p=0.002, p=0.007). The binding curves and koff values observedafter the formation of complexes with anti-IgM and anti-IgG antibodies and after nuclease treatment of the serumindicate that i) IgM isotypes are prevalent and ii) nucleic acids participate in the interaction between anti-hnRNAP B1and P55-70 and also between controls and the peptides studied.Conclusions : These results indicate that P55-70 of hnRNP B1 is a potential biomarker for AIH in immunological testsand suggest the role of circulating nucleic acids, (eg miRNA), present or absent according to the autoimmunedisorders and involved in antigen-antibody stability

MOESM5 of Autoantibody signatures defined by serological proteome analysis in sera from patients with cholangiocarcinoma

Additional file 5: Figure S1. Anti-actin and anti-vimentin evaluation using immunofluorescence on colchicine-treated Hep2 cells. Sera positive by MS for anti-actin or anti-vimentin autoantibodies were tested by indirect immunofluorescence; (A) typical pattern of actin-cable strongly stained by anti-actin antibody; (B) typical pattern given by anti-vimentin antibody, vimentin colchicine-treated collapses into perinuclear coils

MOESM3 of Autoantibody signatures defined by serological proteome analysis in sera from patients with cholangiocarcinoma

Additional file 3: Table S3. Gene Ontology distribution of proteins recognized by CC sera, according to the protein class

Anti IgM binding to material from serum retained at immobilised peptide P7 in the presence and absence of nucleases.

<p>Sera were passed across immobilised peptides and the resulting complexes were allowed to dissociate so that only the most stable complexes remained. Anti-IgM was then flowed across the surfaces. The experiment was repeated after pre-treatment with, and in the presence of, nucleases as described in Materials and Methods. A. P7 Binding curves for AIH (autoimmune hepatitis), RA (rheumatoid arthritis) and SLE (systemic lupus erytheamtosus) sera binding to immobilised P7 and subsequent binding of anti-IgM antibodies in the presence or absence of nucleases. B. P7 Binding curves for donor sera binding to immobilised P7 and subsequent binding of anti-IgM antibodies in the presence or absence of nucleases. </p

Comparisons of apparent k_off (s^-1)values.

<p>A. Between groups of patients and donors. Each group of patients was compared with a group of healthy donors. Complexes between AIH (autoimmune hepatitis) sera and peptide P7 (AA_55-70) were more stable than with healthy control sera. Conversely, complexes between donor sera and peptides P14 (AA_118-133) and P30 (AA_262-277) were more stable than with SLE (systemic lupus erytheamtosus) sera. The same applied to peptide P17 (AA_145-160) and RA (rheumatoid arthritis) sera. B. Between groups of patients. Complexes between AIH sera, peptides P6 (AA_46-61) /P7 (AA_55-70) and P30 (AA_262-277) were more stable than those formed respectively by RA and SLE sera. SLE sera also formed complexes less stable than RA sera with peptides P14 (AA_118-133), P20 (AA_172-187), P39 (AA_340-353). </p